直驱式风力发电变速恒频系统研究
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摘要
能源问题一直是人们生产生活中永恒的主题,21世纪的能源更是人们关注的焦点。非可再生能源的日益枯竭,使得世界各国纷纷努力寻找新的能源,以满足生产生活中的需要。作为一种清洁的可再生能源,风能被认为是一种理想的绿色新能源。风能的主要利用形式为风力发电。国内的风力发电变流设备和技术大多都是引进国外专利,因此研制具有自主知识产权的风电变流设备,是我国风电事业的当务之急。
本文研究了各类风力发电系统,研究表明,直驱式风力发电系统是最有发展前景的风力发电系统,而直驱式风力发电中采用的双PWM变流单元是最具有优势的拓扑结构。通过对直驱式风力发电系统的理论分析和研究,总结了各自的特点。并针对稳压变流单元尝试着采用一种新的控制方案。由于多极低速永磁同步风力发电机模型十分复杂,为了研究方便,将其模型进行等效,鉴于控制对象——变流稳压单元具有多变量、时变、非线性、耦合、强扰动的复杂性及系统存在的不确定因素,对该系统的变流稳压单元进行数学建模,采用空间电压矢量PWM调制算法,设计了基于PI控制器的电流内环和电压外环的双环控制系统,并对各个部分进行仿真建模,针对常规PI控制器在非线性、强扰动、多变量系统中存在的快速性和动态特性不好的问题,考虑模糊自整定PI控制器的实用性及处理该类问题的有效性,设计了模糊自整定PI控制器。
通过模糊自整定PI控制的仿真结果与常规PI控制对比,得出采用优化隶属度函数的模糊PI控制器的系统快速性良好,超调小,上升时间短,抗扰动效果好的结论,实验结果表明理论设计的正确性,为以后的工程实现提供借鉴。
Energy problem is the constant issue in people's production and life, the energy in 21th century is the more concerned focus of people. Nonrenewable energy is increasingly exhaustion, thus many countries in the world make a good effort to search new energy to meet for the need of production and life. As a kind of renewable clean energy, wind power is thought of a new ideal green energy. The major utility form of wind power is wind power. Most of wind power converter equipments and technique in our country majorly have to depand the abroad patents, and technique for actual independent intellectual property is bare, so it is an urgent matter for our country's wind power course to develope wind power converter equipments for independent intellectual property.
This paper has researched all kinds of wind power system, and the results show that direct drive wind power system is considered one of the most developmental system.The dual PWM converter unit that used in this system is one of the most advantageous topology. After deeply analysised and researched for direct drive wind power system, this paper attempt to put forward a new kind of control strategy, and reassign the control functions of individual unit of converter. The following job is completed under this structure.Considering the complex characters of multivariable, nonlinearable, coupling, strong disturbance this control object has and uncertain factors existed, the model of multipole low speed permanent magnet generator is equivalent, modlling the converter unit, use SVPWM modulation algorithm, design inner current loop and outer voltage loop of this system based on PI controller, and modelling and simulation for every submodel. As the fast character and dynamic character is not very good for the conventional PI controller and considering the practicality that fuzzy self-regulation PI controller has, so this paper design fuzzy self-regulation controller.
The simulation results vs. conventional PI controller's demonstrate that the optimized membership degree function based fuzzy PI control system has the character of fast, small overshoot, short rise time and good disturbance rejection,and the results show that the theory design is correct, thus provides reference for practical project.
本文研究了各类风力发电系统,研究表明,直驱式风力发电系统是最有发展前景的风力发电系统,而直驱式风力发电中采用的双PWM变流单元是最具有优势的拓扑结构。通过对直驱式风力发电系统的理论分析和研究,总结了各自的特点。并针对稳压变流单元尝试着采用一种新的控制方案。由于多极低速永磁同步风力发电机模型十分复杂,为了研究方便,将其模型进行等效,鉴于控制对象——变流稳压单元具有多变量、时变、非线性、耦合、强扰动的复杂性及系统存在的不确定因素,对该系统的变流稳压单元进行数学建模,采用空间电压矢量PWM调制算法,设计了基于PI控制器的电流内环和电压外环的双环控制系统,并对各个部分进行仿真建模,针对常规PI控制器在非线性、强扰动、多变量系统中存在的快速性和动态特性不好的问题,考虑模糊自整定PI控制器的实用性及处理该类问题的有效性,设计了模糊自整定PI控制器。
通过模糊自整定PI控制的仿真结果与常规PI控制对比,得出采用优化隶属度函数的模糊PI控制器的系统快速性良好,超调小,上升时间短,抗扰动效果好的结论,实验结果表明理论设计的正确性,为以后的工程实现提供借鉴。
Energy problem is the constant issue in people's production and life, the energy in 21th century is the more concerned focus of people. Nonrenewable energy is increasingly exhaustion, thus many countries in the world make a good effort to search new energy to meet for the need of production and life. As a kind of renewable clean energy, wind power is thought of a new ideal green energy. The major utility form of wind power is wind power. Most of wind power converter equipments and technique in our country majorly have to depand the abroad patents, and technique for actual independent intellectual property is bare, so it is an urgent matter for our country's wind power course to develope wind power converter equipments for independent intellectual property.
This paper has researched all kinds of wind power system, and the results show that direct drive wind power system is considered one of the most developmental system.The dual PWM converter unit that used in this system is one of the most advantageous topology. After deeply analysised and researched for direct drive wind power system, this paper attempt to put forward a new kind of control strategy, and reassign the control functions of individual unit of converter. The following job is completed under this structure.Considering the complex characters of multivariable, nonlinearable, coupling, strong disturbance this control object has and uncertain factors existed, the model of multipole low speed permanent magnet generator is equivalent, modlling the converter unit, use SVPWM modulation algorithm, design inner current loop and outer voltage loop of this system based on PI controller, and modelling and simulation for every submodel. As the fast character and dynamic character is not very good for the conventional PI controller and considering the practicality that fuzzy self-regulation PI controller has, so this paper design fuzzy self-regulation controller.
The simulation results vs. conventional PI controller's demonstrate that the optimized membership degree function based fuzzy PI control system has the character of fast, small overshoot, short rise time and good disturbance rejection,and the results show that the theory design is correct, thus provides reference for practical project.
引文
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25.佘岳.三相SVPWM整流器在风能最大功率点追踪中应用[J],电力自动化设备,2006,26(5)：19-22.
26. Chad Abbey, Geza Joos.Integration of energy storage with a doubly-fed induction machine for wind power applications[C],35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Aachen, Germany,2004:1964-1968.
27.彭方正,房绪鹏,顾斌等.Z源变换器[J],电气传动,2004,9(2)：47-51.
28. Feng Wu,Xiao-Ping Zhang,Ping Ju.Modelling and control of the wind turbine with the Direct Drive Permanent Magnet Generator integrated to power grid[J],Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies,2008,2(13):57-60.
29.汤蕴缪,史乃.电机学[M],北京：机械工业出版社,2002,288-295.
30.赵常智,周智勇.同步发电机整流系统得数学模型及稳定判据[J],船舶工程.2003,25(1)：50-3.
31.徐小品,黄进,杨家强.瞬时功率控制在三相PWM变流器中的应用[J],电力电子技术,2004,38(2)：30-44.
32. Sao,C.K.,Lehn,P.W.,Iravani,M.R.,Martinez,J.A.A benchmark system for digital time domain simulation of a pulse-width-modulated D-STATCOM[J], IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2002,17(4):1113-1120.
33.李俊,薄翠梅,史伟伟,赵剑峰,唐国庆.一种直流PWM控制系统的设计[J],自动化仪表,2007,28(2)：5-8.
34. Ching-Tsai Pan,Jenn-Jong Shieh.New Space-Vector Control Strategies for Three Phase Step-UP/Down AC/DC Converter[J], IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2000, 47(1):25-35.
35.沈安文,万淑芸,王离九等.双PWM交流传动系统中主电路储能元件设计[J],华中理工大学学报,1999,27(2)：23-25.
36. Ma Hao,Lang Yun Ping,Chen Hui ming.A Simplified Algorithm for Space Vector Modulation of Three-Phase Voltage Source PWM Rectifier[C], Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2004. PESC 04,2004 IEEE 35th Annual,20-25 June 2004, Vol.5:3665-3670.
37.张崇巍,张兴.PWM变流器及其控制[M],北京：机械工业出版社,2003,221-229.
38.屈莉莉.三相电压源型PWM变流器及其非线性控制的研究[D],西安：西安交通大学,2003.
39.王建辉,顾树生.自动控制原理[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,2005,13-93.
40. Jasinski M.,Liserre M.,Blaabjerg,F.,Cichowlas M.Fuzzy logic current controller for PWM rectifiers[C], Industrial Electronics Society, IEEE 2002 28th Annual Conference,5-8 Nov.2002 vol.2:1300-1305.
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50. Chinchilla, M., Arnaltes, S., Burgos, J.C. Control of Permanent-Magnet Generators Applied to Variable-Speed Wind-Energy Systems Connected to the Grid[J], IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion,2006,21(1):130-135.
51. Vladislav Akhmatov.Modelling and Ride-through Capability of Variable Speed Wind Turbines with Permanent Magnet Generators[J], Wind Energy,2006,9(4):313-326.
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2.王承煦,张源.风力发电[M],北京：中国电力出版社,2002,120-230.
3.倪受元.风力发电讲座[J],太阳能,2000,2(1)：1-2.
4.叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术[M],北京：机械工业出版社,2006,86-99.
5.李亚西,武鑫,赵斌,许洪华.世界风力发电现状及发展趋势[J],太阳能,2004,3(1)：6-7.
6.林波,宋平岗,赵芳.双馈电机变速恒频风力发电技术概述[J],船电技术,2008,2(28)：2-3.
7.伍小杰,柴建云,王祥珩.变速恒频双馈风力发电系统交流励磁综述[J],电力系统自动化,2004,28(23)：92-96.
8.林炯康,郑家伟,柳明,张勇,陈思哲,郭红霞.基于线性模型跟随的风力发电功率解耦控制[J],控制理论与应用,2008,25(2).
9.姚兴佳,井艳军,王文卓,邢作霞.双馈风力发电机直接转矩控制的研究[J],沈阳工业大学学报,2006,6(18)：101-102.
10.李建林,赵栋利,李亚西,许洪华.几种适合变速恒频风力发电机并网方式对比分析[J],电力建设,2006,27(5)：59-60.
11.邵长宏.风力发电系统中一种叶轮最优控制算法研究[D],沈阳：沈阳工业大学,2006.
12.李建林,周谦,刘剑,赵斌.直驱式变速恒频风力发电系统变流器拓扑结构对比分析[J],电源技术应用,2007,6(10)：2-3.
13. Senjyu T,Tamaki S,Urasaki N,et al. Wind Velocity and Position Sensorless Operation for PMSG Wind Generator[C], IEEE the Fifth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Dystems,2003,787-791.
14. Tan Kelvin, Islam Syed.Optimum Control Strategies in Energy Conversion of PMSG Wind Turbine System Without Mechanical Sensors[J], IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion, 2004,19(2):1-8.
15. Chinchilla M., Arnaltes, S., Burgos, J.C.Control of Permanent-Magnetic Generators Applied to Variable-Speed Wind-Energy Systems Connected to the Grid[J], IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion,2006, 1(21):130-135.
16. Raju, A.B., Fernandes, B.Chatterjee. A UPF power conditioner with maximum power point tracker for grid connected variable speed wind energy conversion system[C], Power Electronics Systems and Applications, First International Conference in 2004,107-112.
17. Gnanasambandapillai Ramtharan, Nicholas Jenkins, Nicholas Jenkins. Modelling and control of synchronous generators for wide-range variable-speed wind turbines[J], Wind Energy,2007,10(3):231-246.
18. Huang Jen Chiu, Chun-Jen Yao, Yu-Kang Lo. A DC/DC converter topology for renewable energy system[J],International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications Early View, 2008, 1(5):2-4.
19. Nicolas Antonio Cutululis, Emil Ceanga, Anca Daniela. Robust multi-model control of an autonomous wind power system[J], Wind Energy,2007,9(5):399-419.
20. P.J.Murtagh, A.Ghosh, B. Basu, B.M. Broderick. Passive control of wind turbine vibrations including blade/tower interaction and rotationally sampled turbulence[J], Wind Energy,2007,1-13.
21. Poul Sφrensen, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis, Antonio Vigueras-Rodriguez. Modelling of power fluctuations from large offshore wind farms[J], Wind Energy,2008, 11(1):29-43.
22.李友红.风力发电系统中PWM并网逆变器的研究[J],电气应用,2006,25(10)：63-65.
23.叶丽花,黄守道,任光法,邓醉杰.复合励磁永磁同步发电机励磁控制器的设计[J],防爆电机,2006,1(41)：4-8.
24.杨金明,吴捷,杨俊华,董萍.风力发电技术探讨[J],太阳能,2003,2(3)：13-15.
25.佘岳.三相SVPWM整流器在风能最大功率点追踪中应用[J],电力自动化设备,2006,26(5)：19-22.
26. Chad Abbey, Geza Joos.Integration of energy storage with a doubly-fed induction machine for wind power applications[C],35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Aachen, Germany,2004:1964-1968.
27.彭方正,房绪鹏,顾斌等.Z源变换器[J],电气传动,2004,9(2)：47-51.
28. Feng Wu,Xiao-Ping Zhang,Ping Ju.Modelling and control of the wind turbine with the Direct Drive Permanent Magnet Generator integrated to power grid[J],Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies,2008,2(13):57-60.
29.汤蕴缪,史乃.电机学[M],北京：机械工业出版社,2002,288-295.
30.赵常智,周智勇.同步发电机整流系统得数学模型及稳定判据[J],船舶工程.2003,25(1)：50-3.
31.徐小品,黄进,杨家强.瞬时功率控制在三相PWM变流器中的应用[J],电力电子技术,2004,38(2)：30-44.
32. Sao,C.K.,Lehn,P.W.,Iravani,M.R.,Martinez,J.A.A benchmark system for digital time domain simulation of a pulse-width-modulated D-STATCOM[J], IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2002,17(4):1113-1120.
33.李俊,薄翠梅,史伟伟,赵剑峰,唐国庆.一种直流PWM控制系统的设计[J],自动化仪表,2007,28(2)：5-8.
34. Ching-Tsai Pan,Jenn-Jong Shieh.New Space-Vector Control Strategies for Three Phase Step-UP/Down AC/DC Converter[J], IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2000, 47(1):25-35.
35.沈安文,万淑芸,王离九等.双PWM交流传动系统中主电路储能元件设计[J],华中理工大学学报,1999,27(2)：23-25.
36. Ma Hao,Lang Yun Ping,Chen Hui ming.A Simplified Algorithm for Space Vector Modulation of Three-Phase Voltage Source PWM Rectifier[C], Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2004. PESC 04,2004 IEEE 35th Annual,20-25 June 2004, Vol.5:3665-3670.
37.张崇巍,张兴.PWM变流器及其控制[M],北京：机械工业出版社,2003,221-229.
38.屈莉莉.三相电压源型PWM变流器及其非线性控制的研究[D],西安：西安交通大学,2003.
39.王建辉,顾树生.自动控制原理[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,2005,13-93.
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