我国农村住宅产业化路径选择研究
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摘要
改革开放以来,尤其是在十六届五中全会以来,我国农村住宅建设取得了快速发展,但是由于我国经济发展不均衡以及住宅建设技术落后等问题,农村住宅建设发展极为不规范,并且暴露出建设成本高、能源浪费严重等问题。而国家就在此背景上展开了农村住宅产业化的发展研究,希望通过产业化的生产与运作,实现我国农村住宅建设的现代化以及农村住宅的功能性的提高,但是由于我国农村经济发展差异大、相关技术研究起步较晚、技术研究不充分、企业发育不良等问题,使得农村住宅产业化发展步履蹒跚。
本文主要从实现我国农村住宅产业化发展路径为研究点,通过对于我国目前产业化的发展现状以及我国农村住宅产业化发展所暴露出的资源能耗严重、住宅设计缺乏、部件化与标准化不足、产业链断层以及文化性欠缺等问题,结合农村住宅产业化发达的国家和地区如欧盟、美国、日本的实现农村住宅产业化的模式进行研究分析,提出了适合我国农村发展的住宅产业化发展路径。
本文所提出的实现我国农村的住宅产业化的路径主要分为两层,即基础层与选择层。实现住宅产业化的基础路径主要包括构建农村住宅标准化体系、实现农村住宅功能性、构建农村住宅工业化、集团化、集成化以及形成适合的建筑结构与实现农村住宅的多样性等方面。而选择层是本文的重点,主要是通过设立一个农村住宅的分级数学模型,通过对农村居民的纯收入分类、农民住房的消费倾向性、农民购房保障倍数以及国家农村投资收益带动比四种基础比率进行分类测评以及综合测评。从而对实现住宅产业化的地域按照产业匹配度分为适合发展产业化的地区、具有发展潜力的产业化地区以及政策扶持产业化地区,并且对于每种分类提出相应的路径选择。最后提出实现我国的农村住宅产业化的相关宏观政策建议,为我国的农村住宅产业化的发展提出相关的参考路径。
The construction of rural housing in China has rapidly developed since the reform and opening-up, especially after the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth CPC Central Committee. However, due to the economic developmental imbalances and the backward architectural technology, the rural residential construction made slow progress, and exposed many critical problems such as the high construction costs, serious energy waste, environmental damages and other issues. The developing strategy of the industrialization of rural housing thus launched in this background. Because of the related technological studies started late in China, and the technological research was far from adequacy, enterprises grew up diseased and other issues, the development of industrialization of rural housing was faltering.
This article focus on the developmental path for the realization of industrialization of rural housing in China, and takes it as the study point. Besides the research and analysis about the mode of industrialization of rural housing in developed countries and regions such as the European Union, the United States, Japan, this article combined with the current situation in the industrial development in our country and problems, including serious energy consumption, the insufficiency of residential design, the inadequacy of componentization and standardization, the industrial chain fault together with cultural lack, exposing in it. Taking all these in consideration, this article puts forward the suitable development path for the detribalization of rural housing in China.
The proposed path of the industrialization of rural housing is mainly divided into two levels, the basic level and the selective level. The basic path to achieve the residentional industrialization includes the construction of architectural standardization system in rural areas, the realization of the rural residential functionality, and the construction of the industrialization, collectivization, integration, plus the suitable structure formation and diversity of rural residential While the selective level mainly through the establishment of a classification mathematical model of rural housing. This model, which involves the classification of net income of rural residents, the housing consumption preference of rural residents the ratio of the housing security for the rural residents as well as the driving ratio of the national rural investment-income, achieves the target of the geographical classification of the industrialization of rural housing that according to the industry matching through these four ratios, and puts forward the corresponding path selection for each classification. Finally, this article proposes the relevant policy proposals on the industrialization of China's rural housing, and provides the reference path for the development of China's rural housing industry.
本文主要从实现我国农村住宅产业化发展路径为研究点,通过对于我国目前产业化的发展现状以及我国农村住宅产业化发展所暴露出的资源能耗严重、住宅设计缺乏、部件化与标准化不足、产业链断层以及文化性欠缺等问题,结合农村住宅产业化发达的国家和地区如欧盟、美国、日本的实现农村住宅产业化的模式进行研究分析,提出了适合我国农村发展的住宅产业化发展路径。
本文所提出的实现我国农村的住宅产业化的路径主要分为两层,即基础层与选择层。实现住宅产业化的基础路径主要包括构建农村住宅标准化体系、实现农村住宅功能性、构建农村住宅工业化、集团化、集成化以及形成适合的建筑结构与实现农村住宅的多样性等方面。而选择层是本文的重点,主要是通过设立一个农村住宅的分级数学模型,通过对农村居民的纯收入分类、农民住房的消费倾向性、农民购房保障倍数以及国家农村投资收益带动比四种基础比率进行分类测评以及综合测评。从而对实现住宅产业化的地域按照产业匹配度分为适合发展产业化的地区、具有发展潜力的产业化地区以及政策扶持产业化地区,并且对于每种分类提出相应的路径选择。最后提出实现我国的农村住宅产业化的相关宏观政策建议,为我国的农村住宅产业化的发展提出相关的参考路径。
The construction of rural housing in China has rapidly developed since the reform and opening-up, especially after the Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth CPC Central Committee. However, due to the economic developmental imbalances and the backward architectural technology, the rural residential construction made slow progress, and exposed many critical problems such as the high construction costs, serious energy waste, environmental damages and other issues. The developing strategy of the industrialization of rural housing thus launched in this background. Because of the related technological studies started late in China, and the technological research was far from adequacy, enterprises grew up diseased and other issues, the development of industrialization of rural housing was faltering.
This article focus on the developmental path for the realization of industrialization of rural housing in China, and takes it as the study point. Besides the research and analysis about the mode of industrialization of rural housing in developed countries and regions such as the European Union, the United States, Japan, this article combined with the current situation in the industrial development in our country and problems, including serious energy consumption, the insufficiency of residential design, the inadequacy of componentization and standardization, the industrial chain fault together with cultural lack, exposing in it. Taking all these in consideration, this article puts forward the suitable development path for the detribalization of rural housing in China.
The proposed path of the industrialization of rural housing is mainly divided into two levels, the basic level and the selective level. The basic path to achieve the residentional industrialization includes the construction of architectural standardization system in rural areas, the realization of the rural residential functionality, and the construction of the industrialization, collectivization, integration, plus the suitable structure formation and diversity of rural residential While the selective level mainly through the establishment of a classification mathematical model of rural housing. This model, which involves the classification of net income of rural residents, the housing consumption preference of rural residents the ratio of the housing security for the rural residents as well as the driving ratio of the national rural investment-income, achieves the target of the geographical classification of the industrialization of rural housing that according to the industry matching through these four ratios, and puts forward the corresponding path selection for each classification. Finally, this article proposes the relevant policy proposals on the industrialization of China's rural housing, and provides the reference path for the development of China's rural housing industry.
引文
[1]赵红英.加快住宅产业化的进程[J].上海建材.2007(01).26-27
[2]聂梅生.我国住宅产业化的发展途径[J].城市开发.1999(11).3-4
[3]韩琦.中国住宅产业化存在的问题及对策研究[D].武汉.华中师范大学.2007.14-18
[4]李忠富.中国住宅产业化发展的步骤,途径与策略[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报.2000(02).92-96
[5]孙焰.我国村镇住宅发展战略研究[D].北京.北京交通大学.2010.20-24
[6]李忠富.住宅产业化论[M].北京.科学出版社.2003.8-37
[7]田灵江.住宅产业与住宅产业化论[M].北京.中国城市出版社.2010.40-191
[8]许溶烈.住宅产业化的探索与实践[M].北京.中国建筑工业出版社.2010.32-152
[9]孟斌.浅谈小城镇住宅规划与设计[J].山西建筑.2001(10).16-17
[10]赵睿.住宅产业化中标准化研究[D].天津.天津大学.2007.15-21
[11]李智.住宅产业化发展及其管理研究[D]天津.天津大学.2004.8-12
[12]Matsumura J. Recent Housing-building Technology R&D and Relming Education in Japan. International Journal Housing Science and Its Applications,1996(4).10-15
[13]Colin Davidson.住宅产业化：组织与技术的必然结合[J].国际建筑中心联盟大会论文集.北京.2001.35-37
[14]关武保义.建筑生产论[M].日本.丸善株式会社.1997.9-16
[15]尹建中.发展村镇住宅产业,促进农村经济发展[J].2006(03).25-26
[16]李明芳.住宅产业化研究[D].石家庄.河北经贸大学.2006.34-39
[17]赵锦英.中国住宅产业化实现问题分析[D].大连.东北财经大学.2006.5-7
[18]李忠富.住宅产业化及其发展的必要性研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报.1999(04)-36-39
[19]周子涵.村镇住宅建设中房地产开发企业融资模式研究.北京.北京交通大学.2010.22-26
[20]李冰.河南省新农村住宅建设问题探讨[J].科技信息.2010(22).45-48
[21]赵之枫.小康型村镇住宅设计理念[J].小城镇建设.2003(34).35-37
[22]刘光辉.我国城镇化发展战略思考[J].中国科技博览.2008(45).17-25
[23]章迎庆. 构筑乡镇住宅建筑体系[J].城镇建设.2002(32).51-56
[24]关柯.住宅产业化概念释义[J].建筑管理现代化1998(04).24-28
[25]赵东军.我国农村住宅产业化面临的问题及对策[J].中共青岛市委党校行政学院学报.2011(01).27-29
[26]孙红.我国住宅产业集团管理模式与运行机制研究[D].沈阳.沈阳建筑大学.2010.18-22
[27]欧阳新.中国住宅产业化发展的制约因素及其对策研究[D].天津.河海大学.2006.10-12
[28]孟知.英国乡村住宅的规划与建设[J].中国建设信息.2008(09).22-25
[29]李钢.德国农村改革的五大战略[J].老区建设.2008(23).17-19
[30]严焰.美国农村住宅金融体系及对我国的几点启示[J].广西农村金融研究.2003(05).18-24
[31]马强.中日住宅产业化对比分析[J].山西建筑.2010(30).26-27
[32]张红利.住宅产业发展轨迹分析[D].西安.西安建筑科技大学.2004.17-23
[33]高榕.国外住宅产业化描述[J].房地产导刊.2002(52).34-35
[34]刘亚臣,韩风,崔海红.中国村镇住宅科技创新能力与路径研究[J].农业经济.2008(2).15-16.
[35]赵彦霞.住宅性能评定技术标准与规划设计评析[J].2008(02).17-21
[36]张艳明.我国村镇住宅产业化发展模式与发展战略研究[D].北京.北京交通大学.2008.10-25
[37]Stefan Klotz. Urbanization and homogenization-Comparing the floras of urban and rural areas in Germany. Biological Conservation.2006(1).292-300
[38]J. Vernon Henderson, Hyoung Gun Wang. Urbanization and city growth: The role of institutions.Regional Science and Urban Economics. 2007(5): 283-313
[39]Lei Shen, Shengkui Cheng, Aaron James Gunson, Hui Wan .Urbanization, sustainability and the utilization of energy and mineral resources in China.Cities.2005(8). 287-302
[40]Barney Cohen. Urbanization in developing countries:Current trends, future projections, and key challenges for sustainability.Technology in Society.2006(4). 63-80
[41]Dan shi. Analysis of Chinese Development under the Cew able Energy urrent Economic and Technical Circum stances. China & World Economy. 2009(2).94-109
[42]David Zweig. Freeing China's Farmers:Rural Restructuring in the Reform Era. M E. Sharpe. 1997. 120-121
[43]Gavin W. Jones and Pravin Visaria. Orbanization In Large Developing Countries:China, Indonesia, Brazi, and India. Clarendon Press. 1997. 124-128
[44]H. S. Geyer. International Handbook of Urban Systems:Studies of Urbanization and Migration in Advanced and Developing Countries. Edward Elgar. 2002. 112-124
[45]Ross Garnaut, Guo Shutian, Ma Guonan. The Third Revolution in the Chinese Countryside. Cambridge University Press. 1996. 23-25
[46]江春友.论新农村建设中村镇建设管理[J].现代商贸工业.2009(6).22-25
[47]王振坡.中国农村住宅发展趋势探讨[J].城市探讨与研究.2009(6).41-42
[48]孙晓东.美国城镇化发展的启示：我国要走资源节约型城镇化道路[J].长春工程学院学报(社会科学版).2005(6)：30-31
[49]崔焕颖,杨培奇.我国村镇住宅建筑节能技术的应用与发展[J].农业科技与装备.2009(1).23-24
[2]聂梅生.我国住宅产业化的发展途径[J].城市开发.1999(11).3-4
[3]韩琦.中国住宅产业化存在的问题及对策研究[D].武汉.华中师范大学.2007.14-18
[4]李忠富.中国住宅产业化发展的步骤,途径与策略[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报.2000(02).92-96
[5]孙焰.我国村镇住宅发展战略研究[D].北京.北京交通大学.2010.20-24
[6]李忠富.住宅产业化论[M].北京.科学出版社.2003.8-37
[7]田灵江.住宅产业与住宅产业化论[M].北京.中国城市出版社.2010.40-191
[8]许溶烈.住宅产业化的探索与实践[M].北京.中国建筑工业出版社.2010.32-152
[9]孟斌.浅谈小城镇住宅规划与设计[J].山西建筑.2001(10).16-17
[10]赵睿.住宅产业化中标准化研究[D].天津.天津大学.2007.15-21
[11]李智.住宅产业化发展及其管理研究[D]天津.天津大学.2004.8-12
[12]Matsumura J. Recent Housing-building Technology R&D and Relming Education in Japan. International Journal Housing Science and Its Applications,1996(4).10-15
[13]Colin Davidson.住宅产业化：组织与技术的必然结合[J].国际建筑中心联盟大会论文集.北京.2001.35-37
[14]关武保义.建筑生产论[M].日本.丸善株式会社.1997.9-16
[15]尹建中.发展村镇住宅产业,促进农村经济发展[J].2006(03).25-26
[16]李明芳.住宅产业化研究[D].石家庄.河北经贸大学.2006.34-39
[17]赵锦英.中国住宅产业化实现问题分析[D].大连.东北财经大学.2006.5-7
[18]李忠富.住宅产业化及其发展的必要性研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报.1999(04)-36-39
[19]周子涵.村镇住宅建设中房地产开发企业融资模式研究.北京.北京交通大学.2010.22-26
[20]李冰.河南省新农村住宅建设问题探讨[J].科技信息.2010(22).45-48
[21]赵之枫.小康型村镇住宅设计理念[J].小城镇建设.2003(34).35-37
[22]刘光辉.我国城镇化发展战略思考[J].中国科技博览.2008(45).17-25
[23]章迎庆. 构筑乡镇住宅建筑体系[J].城镇建设.2002(32).51-56
[24]关柯.住宅产业化概念释义[J].建筑管理现代化1998(04).24-28
[25]赵东军.我国农村住宅产业化面临的问题及对策[J].中共青岛市委党校行政学院学报.2011(01).27-29
[26]孙红.我国住宅产业集团管理模式与运行机制研究[D].沈阳.沈阳建筑大学.2010.18-22
[27]欧阳新.中国住宅产业化发展的制约因素及其对策研究[D].天津.河海大学.2006.10-12
[28]孟知.英国乡村住宅的规划与建设[J].中国建设信息.2008(09).22-25
[29]李钢.德国农村改革的五大战略[J].老区建设.2008(23).17-19
[30]严焰.美国农村住宅金融体系及对我国的几点启示[J].广西农村金融研究.2003(05).18-24
[31]马强.中日住宅产业化对比分析[J].山西建筑.2010(30).26-27
[32]张红利.住宅产业发展轨迹分析[D].西安.西安建筑科技大学.2004.17-23
[33]高榕.国外住宅产业化描述[J].房地产导刊.2002(52).34-35
[34]刘亚臣,韩风,崔海红.中国村镇住宅科技创新能力与路径研究[J].农业经济.2008(2).15-16.
[35]赵彦霞.住宅性能评定技术标准与规划设计评析[J].2008(02).17-21
[36]张艳明.我国村镇住宅产业化发展模式与发展战略研究[D].北京.北京交通大学.2008.10-25
[37]Stefan Klotz. Urbanization and homogenization-Comparing the floras of urban and rural areas in Germany. Biological Conservation.2006(1).292-300
[38]J. Vernon Henderson, Hyoung Gun Wang. Urbanization and city growth: The role of institutions.Regional Science and Urban Economics. 2007(5): 283-313
[39]Lei Shen, Shengkui Cheng, Aaron James Gunson, Hui Wan .Urbanization, sustainability and the utilization of energy and mineral resources in China.Cities.2005(8). 287-302
[40]Barney Cohen. Urbanization in developing countries:Current trends, future projections, and key challenges for sustainability.Technology in Society.2006(4). 63-80
[41]Dan shi. Analysis of Chinese Development under the Cew able Energy urrent Economic and Technical Circum stances. China & World Economy. 2009(2).94-109
[42]David Zweig. Freeing China's Farmers:Rural Restructuring in the Reform Era. M E. Sharpe. 1997. 120-121
[43]Gavin W. Jones and Pravin Visaria. Orbanization In Large Developing Countries:China, Indonesia, Brazi, and India. Clarendon Press. 1997. 124-128
[44]H. S. Geyer. International Handbook of Urban Systems:Studies of Urbanization and Migration in Advanced and Developing Countries. Edward Elgar. 2002. 112-124
[45]Ross Garnaut, Guo Shutian, Ma Guonan. The Third Revolution in the Chinese Countryside. Cambridge University Press. 1996. 23-25
[46]江春友.论新农村建设中村镇建设管理[J].现代商贸工业.2009(6).22-25
[47]王振坡.中国农村住宅发展趋势探讨[J].城市探讨与研究.2009(6).41-42
[48]孙晓东.美国城镇化发展的启示：我国要走资源节约型城镇化道路[J].长春工程学院学报(社会科学版).2005(6)：30-31
[49]崔焕颖,杨培奇.我国村镇住宅建筑节能技术的应用与发展[J].农业科技与装备.2009(1).23-24