新农村建设中提高农民素质的对策研究
|
摘要
农业、农村、农民的“三农”问题,一直是困扰我国经济发展、社会公平、实现现代化和全面小康的核心问题之一。而“三农”问题的核心是农民问题,农村劳动力素质教育问题又是解决农民问题的关键所在。我国农村人口占全国总人口的63%,我国农民科技、文化、健康和心理素质较低,与农村现代化建设不相适应,是客观存在的基本现实,加上地区经济发展的不平衡和巨大的城乡差异,使得农村经济发展取得巨大成就的同时依然面临许多困难和问题。农民贫困是中国社会最大的问题。农民贫困表面上看是农民收入低的问题,但本质是素质低的问题,“人的素质差,才是所谓落后的本质规定”。因此,提高农民素质是脱贫致富的关键,是促进社会公平的平衡器,更是农民全面发展、农村稳步发展、城乡协调发展的推进器。党的十六大报告明确指出:要在本世纪头二十年,集中力量,全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会,使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科技更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。而实现全面小康社会重点在农村、难点在农民,农村劳动力素质教育在全面建设小康社会中具有基础性、先导性、全局性的重要作用,没有农村的小康就不可能有全面的小康社会。因此,探讨农村劳动力素质与农业经济发展的关系,分析我国农村劳动力素质现状,找出我国农村劳动力素质教育存在的问题和形成的原因,提出解决农村劳动力素质问题的对策及措施等对促进农村经济发展、实现农村小康、早日达到建设和谐社会的目标具有重要的理论和实际意义。
本文主要针对我国农村劳动力文化素质较低、制约农村经济发展的现状,通过对我国农村劳动力素质教育进行初步的研究,其中重点分析研究了我国当前农村劳动力文化素质的特点,认为我国农村劳动力素质现状与我国整个社会的发展不相适应;分析了农村劳动力素质教育存在的问题及形成的原因,认为我国农村劳动力素质低与农民自身的观念落后有关,也与国家的投入不足及现行教育体制有关;在借鉴国外对农村劳动力素质教育方面先进做法的基础上,提出了我国现阶段提高农村劳动力素质教育的目标及应采取的措施,认为要提高我国农村劳动力素质,必须树立科学的发展观,落实科教兴国战略,切实加强农村教育,创新农民受教育模式,推行农民培训计划,全面提高农村劳动力素质。
The agro-related issue including agriculture, countryside and farmer is one of the key problems standing in the way of our economic development, social balance, national modernization and at round being well-off as well. However its core is farmer-related problem that can only be solved by improving the quality of the rural labors.
The rural area covers 63% of the total population in China. It is true that the low quality of farmer in technology, culture, health and mind is out of tune with the construction of modernization. In addition, as a result of the imbalance of district economic development and great difference between town and country, there are still many troubles in spite of huge achievements in the development of the rural economy. The biggest social problem is farmer' s poverty which seems caused by their low income. Therefore, improving farmer' s quality is not only the key factor of shaking of poverty, promoting the social balance but also the propeller of farmer' s all-around development and the coordinated growth between town and country.
It was announced at the Sixteenth National Congress of CPC that in the early twenty years we should concentrate on building The high level of well to-do society that is beneficial for more than 1,000,000,000 people. And so our economy will be developed more quickly, the democratic system will be more perfect, great advances will be made in technology, our culture will be more flourishing and we will live a more harmonious and rich life. Without the well-to-do country we can't realize well-to-do society in an all-round way whose focal point is in the countryside where farmer is the critical factor. Quality education plays an important role in the establishment of the well-to-do society in an all-round way because of its guidance and over-all importance. Hence it is theoretically and practically significant to probe into the relationship between the quality of the rural labors and the agricultural economic development, analyze its present situation and find out the problems in quality education of the rural labors and its causes. Countermeasures and effective measures should be taken to accelerate the agricultural economic development, realize farmer's well-to-do life so as to reach the aim at building a harmonious society.
This article aims at doing some research on the improvement in quality of the rural labors, laying stress on the characteristics of the present situation of the rural labors, namely, the development of the rural economic development is restricted by the farmer's low quality. The author thinks the present situation of the farmer' s quality is out of tune with our social development. The reason why there are so many problems is that farmer' quality is low and their view is our of date. On the basis of the advanced method of cultivating the farmer' s quality, the author also points out the measures should take to promote the farmer' s quality and the way to put them into use. in order to improve the rural labors quality it is advisable to acquire a correct world outlook, make sure strategy of revitalizing China through Education and Science, firmly better the rural education , and pursue farmer training quality as well
本文主要针对我国农村劳动力文化素质较低、制约农村经济发展的现状,通过对我国农村劳动力素质教育进行初步的研究,其中重点分析研究了我国当前农村劳动力文化素质的特点,认为我国农村劳动力素质现状与我国整个社会的发展不相适应;分析了农村劳动力素质教育存在的问题及形成的原因,认为我国农村劳动力素质低与农民自身的观念落后有关,也与国家的投入不足及现行教育体制有关;在借鉴国外对农村劳动力素质教育方面先进做法的基础上,提出了我国现阶段提高农村劳动力素质教育的目标及应采取的措施,认为要提高我国农村劳动力素质,必须树立科学的发展观,落实科教兴国战略,切实加强农村教育,创新农民受教育模式,推行农民培训计划,全面提高农村劳动力素质。
The agro-related issue including agriculture, countryside and farmer is one of the key problems standing in the way of our economic development, social balance, national modernization and at round being well-off as well. However its core is farmer-related problem that can only be solved by improving the quality of the rural labors.
The rural area covers 63% of the total population in China. It is true that the low quality of farmer in technology, culture, health and mind is out of tune with the construction of modernization. In addition, as a result of the imbalance of district economic development and great difference between town and country, there are still many troubles in spite of huge achievements in the development of the rural economy. The biggest social problem is farmer' s poverty which seems caused by their low income. Therefore, improving farmer' s quality is not only the key factor of shaking of poverty, promoting the social balance but also the propeller of farmer' s all-around development and the coordinated growth between town and country.
It was announced at the Sixteenth National Congress of CPC that in the early twenty years we should concentrate on building The high level of well to-do society that is beneficial for more than 1,000,000,000 people. And so our economy will be developed more quickly, the democratic system will be more perfect, great advances will be made in technology, our culture will be more flourishing and we will live a more harmonious and rich life. Without the well-to-do country we can't realize well-to-do society in an all-round way whose focal point is in the countryside where farmer is the critical factor. Quality education plays an important role in the establishment of the well-to-do society in an all-round way because of its guidance and over-all importance. Hence it is theoretically and practically significant to probe into the relationship between the quality of the rural labors and the agricultural economic development, analyze its present situation and find out the problems in quality education of the rural labors and its causes. Countermeasures and effective measures should be taken to accelerate the agricultural economic development, realize farmer's well-to-do life so as to reach the aim at building a harmonious society.
This article aims at doing some research on the improvement in quality of the rural labors, laying stress on the characteristics of the present situation of the rural labors, namely, the development of the rural economic development is restricted by the farmer's low quality. The author thinks the present situation of the farmer' s quality is out of tune with our social development. The reason why there are so many problems is that farmer' quality is low and their view is our of date. On the basis of the advanced method of cultivating the farmer' s quality, the author also points out the measures should take to promote the farmer' s quality and the way to put them into use. in order to improve the rural labors quality it is advisable to acquire a correct world outlook, make sure strategy of revitalizing China through Education and Science, firmly better the rural education , and pursue farmer training quality as well
引文
[1]田维君. 农民教育与全面小康研究[D]. 四川师范大学,2005.
[2]李秀忠. 农民教育与农村的社会稳定和经济发展[J]. 山东经济 , 2001,(03).
[3]王东,高爱君. 韩国新村运动的实践及对陕西新农村建设的思考[J]. 西部财会,2006,(5).
[4]隋志坚. 建设社会主义新农村必须着力提高农民的整体素质[J]. 宁夏党校学报,2006,(8).
[5]雷雅珍. 关于当前农民思想道德建设的几点思考[J]. 决策管理,2006, (13).
[6]李苏英. 农村劳动力问题研究.硕士研究生学位论文.
[7]余尚峰. 新型农民的基本内涵及其培养途径[J]. 株州工学院学报, 2006,(3).
[8]王寿礼,褚兴春. 关于社会主义新农村建设的实践和思考[J]. 潍坊教育学报,2006,(1).
[9]何康宁. 对建设社会主义新农村的几点认识[J]. 贵州师范大学学报,(社会科学版) ,2006,(02) .
[10]詹 辉,袁建凤,万建萍. 加强农民素质教育建设社会主义新农村[J]. 发展纵横,2006,(8).
[11]李江峰. 试论建设社会主义新农村[D]. 郑州大学 , 2006.
[12]柯宾生,陈华宁,对培养新型农民的思考[J]. 中央党政干部论坛,2006,(4).
[13]邵志国. 农民素质变化与农村职业技术教育发展对策的研究[D]. 吉林农业大学 , 2005 . ][14]杨鹏. 打造社会主义新型农民[J]. 甘肃农业,2006,(6):19.
[15]习亚哲. 中国农村劳动者素质问题研究[D]. 河北大学 , 2004 .
[16]谬小红,林东红. 构建农村社会保障体系[J]. 促进农村建设,2006,(8).
[17]吕铁林. 全国建设小康社会中的农民素质研究[D]. 东北师范大学 , 2003 .
[18]张建. 发展农村教育培育新型农民. 安顺师范高等专科学报,2006,(3).
[19]程渭山. 发展现代农业培育新型农民[J]. 浙江经济,2006,(3).
[20]叶文辉. 农村公共产品供给体制的改革和制度创新[J]. 财经研究,2004,(02) .
[21]郭 军. 建设社会主义新农村迫切需要提高农民素质[J]. 今日中国论坛,2006,(9).
[22]朱春花. 建设社会主义新农村重在培育新农民[J]. 徐州教育学报,2206,(1).
[23]姜作培 ,费 凡. 论农民是社会主义新农村建设的主体[J]. 福建论坛,2006,(6).
[24]夏莉. 安徽省农村税费改革的实践反思[J].宏观经济管理, 2002,(12) .
[25]李红梅. 农民素质与农业技术推广[J]. 云南农业,2001,(03) .
[26]杨贤智,骆浩文,张辉玲. 韩国“新村运动”经验及其对中国新农村建设的启示[J]. 中国农学通报,2006,(9).
[27]周玉梅,冯利民,曹晔. 提高农民素质 促进农村经济发展[J]. 河北科技师范学院学报(社会科学 版) ,2004,(04).
[28]萧定智. 提高农民素质乃扶贫之本[J]. 老区建设,1988,(05) .
[29]徐梅. 云南“绿色证书”教育培训问题研究[D]. 中国农业大学,2005 .
[30]刘克忠,刘忠泽,赵彦霞. 国家培育农民成为新农村建设的主体[J]. 长春理工大学学报,2006,
[31]李大清. 新型农民与社会主义新农村建设[J]. 经济与社会发展,2006,(8).
[32]王阿娜. 新型农民是建设社会主义新农村的主体性力量[J] . 农村经济与科技,2006,(7).
[33]钢花. 提高农民素质技能是农村经济结构调整之根本[D]. 中央民族大学,2005 .
[34]丁兰国. 中国现代化和农民素质的提高[D]. 中共中央党校,2001 .
[35]程国有. 试论当前农民问题的实质及对策[J]. 农业经济问题,1999,(12).
[36]丁慧. 新时期我国提高农民素质问题研究[D]. 河北大学,2005 .
[37]王希文. 论我国农业产业化主体的重新构建[D]. 安徽大学,2005 .
[38]陈庆立. 论提高中国农民素质[D]. 中国社会科学院研究生院,2000.
[39]许雄奇,刘海霞. 中国农民素质与农业可持续发展[J]. 农村经济与技术,1999,(02) .
[40]蒋雪岩. 强化农民法律意识 促进农村经济发展[J]. 湖北社会科学 ,1998,(12) .
[41]秦华. 农民的法律意识与农村法治化进程[D].中国农业大学,2003.
[42]杨贵庆. 大城市周边地区小城镇人居环境的可持续发展[J]. 城市规划汇刊 ,1997,(02),.
[43]张文. 现代农民素质教育浅析[D]. 湖南师范大学,2004 .
[2]李秀忠. 农民教育与农村的社会稳定和经济发展[J]. 山东经济 , 2001,(03).
[3]王东,高爱君. 韩国新村运动的实践及对陕西新农村建设的思考[J]. 西部财会,2006,(5).
[4]隋志坚. 建设社会主义新农村必须着力提高农民的整体素质[J]. 宁夏党校学报,2006,(8).
[5]雷雅珍. 关于当前农民思想道德建设的几点思考[J]. 决策管理,2006, (13).
[6]李苏英. 农村劳动力问题研究.硕士研究生学位论文.
[7]余尚峰. 新型农民的基本内涵及其培养途径[J]. 株州工学院学报, 2006,(3).
[8]王寿礼,褚兴春. 关于社会主义新农村建设的实践和思考[J]. 潍坊教育学报,2006,(1).
[9]何康宁. 对建设社会主义新农村的几点认识[J]. 贵州师范大学学报,(社会科学版) ,2006,(02) .
[10]詹 辉,袁建凤,万建萍. 加强农民素质教育建设社会主义新农村[J]. 发展纵横,2006,(8).
[11]李江峰. 试论建设社会主义新农村[D]. 郑州大学 , 2006.
[12]柯宾生,陈华宁,对培养新型农民的思考[J]. 中央党政干部论坛,2006,(4).
[13]邵志国. 农民素质变化与农村职业技术教育发展对策的研究[D]. 吉林农业大学 , 2005 . ][14]杨鹏. 打造社会主义新型农民[J]. 甘肃农业,2006,(6):19.
[15]习亚哲. 中国农村劳动者素质问题研究[D]. 河北大学 , 2004 .
[16]谬小红,林东红. 构建农村社会保障体系[J]. 促进农村建设,2006,(8).
[17]吕铁林. 全国建设小康社会中的农民素质研究[D]. 东北师范大学 , 2003 .
[18]张建. 发展农村教育培育新型农民. 安顺师范高等专科学报,2006,(3).
[19]程渭山. 发展现代农业培育新型农民[J]. 浙江经济,2006,(3).
[20]叶文辉. 农村公共产品供给体制的改革和制度创新[J]. 财经研究,2004,(02) .
[21]郭 军. 建设社会主义新农村迫切需要提高农民素质[J]. 今日中国论坛,2006,(9).
[22]朱春花. 建设社会主义新农村重在培育新农民[J]. 徐州教育学报,2206,(1).
[23]姜作培 ,费 凡. 论农民是社会主义新农村建设的主体[J]. 福建论坛,2006,(6).
[24]夏莉. 安徽省农村税费改革的实践反思[J].宏观经济管理, 2002,(12) .
[25]李红梅. 农民素质与农业技术推广[J]. 云南农业,2001,(03) .
[26]杨贤智,骆浩文,张辉玲. 韩国“新村运动”经验及其对中国新农村建设的启示[J]. 中国农学通报,2006,(9).
[27]周玉梅,冯利民,曹晔. 提高农民素质 促进农村经济发展[J]. 河北科技师范学院学报(社会科学 版) ,2004,(04).
[28]萧定智. 提高农民素质乃扶贫之本[J]. 老区建设,1988,(05) .
[29]徐梅. 云南“绿色证书”教育培训问题研究[D]. 中国农业大学,2005 .
[30]刘克忠,刘忠泽,赵彦霞. 国家培育农民成为新农村建设的主体[J]. 长春理工大学学报,2006,
[31]李大清. 新型农民与社会主义新农村建设[J]. 经济与社会发展,2006,(8).
[32]王阿娜. 新型农民是建设社会主义新农村的主体性力量[J] . 农村经济与科技,2006,(7).
[33]钢花. 提高农民素质技能是农村经济结构调整之根本[D]. 中央民族大学,2005 .
[34]丁兰国. 中国现代化和农民素质的提高[D]. 中共中央党校,2001 .
[35]程国有. 试论当前农民问题的实质及对策[J]. 农业经济问题,1999,(12).
[36]丁慧. 新时期我国提高农民素质问题研究[D]. 河北大学,2005 .
[37]王希文. 论我国农业产业化主体的重新构建[D]. 安徽大学,2005 .
[38]陈庆立. 论提高中国农民素质[D]. 中国社会科学院研究生院,2000.
[39]许雄奇,刘海霞. 中国农民素质与农业可持续发展[J]. 农村经济与技术,1999,(02) .
[40]蒋雪岩. 强化农民法律意识 促进农村经济发展[J]. 湖北社会科学 ,1998,(12) .
[41]秦华. 农民的法律意识与农村法治化进程[D].中国农业大学,2003.
[42]杨贵庆. 大城市周边地区小城镇人居环境的可持续发展[J]. 城市规划汇刊 ,1997,(02),.
[43]张文. 现代农民素质教育浅析[D]. 湖南师范大学,2004 .