鄂尔多斯盆地一些能源矿产伴生沥青的地球化学研究
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摘要
沥青是原油经热变化、气体脱沥青化、水洗和生物降解等作用形成,其本身就是一种重要的矿产。近年来对其成因、性质及化学结构做了大量研究,但对其地质应用的研究不够。沥青作为煤、石油、天然气、铀等能源矿产的伴生产物,本身就蕴藏着丰富的地质信息。本文研究了鄂尔多斯盆地一些能源矿产伴生沥青的地球化学性质和行为,以此来揭示鄂尔多斯盆地能源矿产的一些地球化学特征。通过对能源矿产伴生沥青的地球化学性质和行为研究获得以下新的认识:
1.与盆地内原油相比,沥青的稀土元素特征与原油既有某些相似性,又存在较大的区别。表现出两者在来源上具有某种程度上的同源性,但沥青的稀土分馏程度较石油大的多,由此表明沥青的演化过程较石油更复杂。物质来源也具有多样性,一些样品中可能还存在来源深度比较大的深部流体组分。沥青在形成与运移过程中与深部流体的作用程度可能较石油更高,与浅源流体的交换程度相对较小。
2.微量元素、稀土元素富集特征表明,含油砂岩沥青与石油和石油沥青具有一些相似的地球化学特征,所不同的是稀土元素较石油和石油沥青的优势富集程度高的多,表明含油砂岩沥青中深源物质较少。
3.盆地东南缘煤矿的煤沥青具有混源特征。煤沥青与煤中优势富集的元素相近,二者可能是同源的;盆地东南缘煤矿的煤层夹矸沥青成分可能主要以其成岩过程中的初始有机流体组分为主,即属于壳源有机质流体。
4.通过对陈家山煤层气组成及其He同位素的分析,发现煤层气的形成过程中可能有一定量的幔源物质的加入。
5.根据沥青的拉曼探针分析结果及其样品所在的构造位置来看,基底断裂对沥青组成可能有一定的影响。另外,沥青中广泛存在还原性气体CH_4,C_2H_2,C_2H_4和C_2H_6等,部分样品中同时含有氧化性气体CO_2,氧化性气体与还原性气体具有此消彼长的反相关关系,显示沥青的后期改造和氧化—还原条件的变化特征。
The formation of the asphalt depends on some functions that they include heat-changing of crude oil, taking off asphaltization , water washing, and biodegradation of the living etc. Meanwhile, the asphalt is an important energy resource also. In recent years, the main research of the asphalt is its origin, character, and chemical structure. But the study of geological application is not enough. The asphalt is an associated product of energy resource, such as coal, petroleum, gas and uranium, and so on. So it has an abundant of geological information. This paper discusses some geochemical characters and behaviors of associated bitumen of some energy resources. And then discloses some geochemical features of the energy resources in Ordos Basin. The geochemical characters of associated bitumen have been analyzed. It is said:1. Compared with crude oil in Ordos Basin, the lanthanon characters of the asphalt have some similarity, at the same time, they have some difference. The source of the asphalt and the crude oil are homogeneity in some way, but lanthanon fractionation of the asphalt is relatively high. So it can show that the asphalt is higher than the evolution degree of crude oil. Origin has also variety, some samples maybe exert deep fluid.( Hence, these indicate that the asphalt has high interaction with deep fluid when the asphalt is transporting, and it is inversely with surface fluid.2. According to the characters of trace elements and the lanthanon of associated bitumen of oil-bearing sandstone, their geochemical characters are similar with crude oil and associated bitumen of crude oil. The difference is that preponderant enrichmental lanthanons of associated bitumen of oil-bearing sandstone are higher than those of crude oil and the asphalt. The associated bitumen of oil-bearing sandstone has less deep source.3. In the coal mines of the southeast Ordos Basin, associated bitumen of coal have some characters that they are mixed sources. Preponderant enrichment elements of the asphalt are similar with coal. So sources of the asphalt and coal are
homogeneity in some way. The components of associated bitumen with the coal-bed gangue are mainly original organic fluids in the process of the diagenesis. They belong to the crust-derived organic fluids.4. The components of coal-bed gas in Chenjiashan coal mines and He isotope have been analyzed. It shows that mantle sources have been joined possibly in formation process of coal-bed gas.5. According to results of laser Raman spectroscopy and the structural location of the samples, the basement faults in the basin have some influences for component of the asphalt. The reducibility gas such as CH4, C2H2, CaHjand C2H6 can be found in chloroform asphalt extensively, whose content is growth and decline with the oxygenization gas CO2, and all of these show the features about later reformation and redox condition for the chloroform asphalt.
1.与盆地内原油相比,沥青的稀土元素特征与原油既有某些相似性,又存在较大的区别。表现出两者在来源上具有某种程度上的同源性,但沥青的稀土分馏程度较石油大的多,由此表明沥青的演化过程较石油更复杂。物质来源也具有多样性,一些样品中可能还存在来源深度比较大的深部流体组分。沥青在形成与运移过程中与深部流体的作用程度可能较石油更高,与浅源流体的交换程度相对较小。
2.微量元素、稀土元素富集特征表明,含油砂岩沥青与石油和石油沥青具有一些相似的地球化学特征,所不同的是稀土元素较石油和石油沥青的优势富集程度高的多,表明含油砂岩沥青中深源物质较少。
3.盆地东南缘煤矿的煤沥青具有混源特征。煤沥青与煤中优势富集的元素相近,二者可能是同源的;盆地东南缘煤矿的煤层夹矸沥青成分可能主要以其成岩过程中的初始有机流体组分为主,即属于壳源有机质流体。
4.通过对陈家山煤层气组成及其He同位素的分析,发现煤层气的形成过程中可能有一定量的幔源物质的加入。
5.根据沥青的拉曼探针分析结果及其样品所在的构造位置来看,基底断裂对沥青组成可能有一定的影响。另外,沥青中广泛存在还原性气体CH_4,C_2H_2,C_2H_4和C_2H_6等,部分样品中同时含有氧化性气体CO_2,氧化性气体与还原性气体具有此消彼长的反相关关系,显示沥青的后期改造和氧化—还原条件的变化特征。
The formation of the asphalt depends on some functions that they include heat-changing of crude oil, taking off asphaltization , water washing, and biodegradation of the living etc. Meanwhile, the asphalt is an important energy resource also. In recent years, the main research of the asphalt is its origin, character, and chemical structure. But the study of geological application is not enough. The asphalt is an associated product of energy resource, such as coal, petroleum, gas and uranium, and so on. So it has an abundant of geological information. This paper discusses some geochemical characters and behaviors of associated bitumen of some energy resources. And then discloses some geochemical features of the energy resources in Ordos Basin. The geochemical characters of associated bitumen have been analyzed. It is said:1. Compared with crude oil in Ordos Basin, the lanthanon characters of the asphalt have some similarity, at the same time, they have some difference. The source of the asphalt and the crude oil are homogeneity in some way, but lanthanon fractionation of the asphalt is relatively high. So it can show that the asphalt is higher than the evolution degree of crude oil. Origin has also variety, some samples maybe exert deep fluid.( Hence, these indicate that the asphalt has high interaction with deep fluid when the asphalt is transporting, and it is inversely with surface fluid.2. According to the characters of trace elements and the lanthanon of associated bitumen of oil-bearing sandstone, their geochemical characters are similar with crude oil and associated bitumen of crude oil. The difference is that preponderant enrichmental lanthanons of associated bitumen of oil-bearing sandstone are higher than those of crude oil and the asphalt. The associated bitumen of oil-bearing sandstone has less deep source.3. In the coal mines of the southeast Ordos Basin, associated bitumen of coal have some characters that they are mixed sources. Preponderant enrichment elements of the asphalt are similar with coal. So sources of the asphalt and coal are
homogeneity in some way. The components of associated bitumen with the coal-bed gangue are mainly original organic fluids in the process of the diagenesis. They belong to the crust-derived organic fluids.4. The components of coal-bed gas in Chenjiashan coal mines and He isotope have been analyzed. It shows that mantle sources have been joined possibly in formation process of coal-bed gas.5. According to results of laser Raman spectroscopy and the structural location of the samples, the basement faults in the basin have some influences for component of the asphalt. The reducibility gas such as CH4, C2H2, CaHjand C2H6 can be found in chloroform asphalt extensively, whose content is growth and decline with the oxygenization gas CO2, and all of these show the features about later reformation and redox condition for the chloroform asphalt.
引文
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