基于嵌入式的模块化控制系统设计
摘要
数据采集与控制是信息科学领域的一个重要分支,发展至今已经成为一种专门的技术,在工业领域得到了广泛的应用。现场总线的出现和发展增强了数据采集控制系统的通信能力,使得设备间的联系更加紧密。以TCP/IP协议为基础的以太网具有传输通信距离远、方便快捷的特点,已经向采集控制领域发展。采集控制设备接入以太网可大大提高其地域分布性,已成为一种趋势。
传统采集控制系统针对特定的控制现场设计,适应性不强,当新的控制需求出现时,系统需要重新设计,费时费力。针对这种需求,出现了PLC,DCS等控制设备,它们采用模块化设计,强大、灵活、稳定,可以很好的满足控制需求。但它们往往由国外厂商设计,同时技术保密,占据国内工控市场大部分份额,我们需要自主研发的控制系统。而近年来,嵌入式系统技术及高性能ARM处理器的发展,为我们设计灵活强大的控制系统提供了物质基础,本文的主要工作是致力于设计基于嵌入式的模块化控制系统。
本文设计的系统采用主从式结构。采集控制模块以AT89S52单片机为核心,主控制器以S3C2410微处理器为核心。采集控制模块负责底层数据采集和控制输出,主控制器负责数据的处理和运算。主控制器内部带有许多功能模块,用户通过组态序列调用这些模块实现控制运算功能,灵活自由。本系统以CAN总线和以太网作为内部和外部通信方式,采集模块和主控制器通过CAN总线通信,同时主控制器带有网络接口,用户可通过网络远程下载或修改组态序列,满足自己的控制需求。
本文首先对本系统采用的有关技术做了简单的介绍,其次阐述了本系统总体设计方案及软硬件选型,然后介绍了采集控制模块及主控制器的硬件电路设计,接着我们详细介绍了系统的软件设计,包括采集控制模块的软件设计和主控制器的软件设计,最后对本系统的设计做了总结。
Data acquisition and control is an important branch of information science field. develop as yet has become a specialized technology,widely used in the industrial field. The emergence and development of fieldbus enhanced communication capability of data acquisition and control system,making relation among equipment more and more closer.Ethernet,which based on TCP/IP protocol,with long distance transmission power and convenient features,has develop to the data acquisition and control filed. Control equipment join up ethernet,becoming a trend,can greatly enhance its geographical distribution ability.
Traditional acquisition and control system usually designed for particular scene of control,with low adaptability.When new control demand comes up,the system need to re-design,wasting time and labor.In response to this demand,PLC,DCS and other control equipments come up,they are modular design,powerful,flexible and stable, and can meet the control demand very well.However,these equipments are often designed by foreign manufacturers,technological security at the same time.These products occupy a high rate of domestic industrial control market,which is unacceptable for us.In recent years,embedded systems technology and high performance ARM micro-processor are developing very fast,these provides a material base for us to design a powerful and flexible control system.The main task of this paper is committed to design a modular control system based on embedded technology.
The system structure is master-slave style.Acquisition and control modules use AT89S52 as core,main controller uses S3C2410 as core.The control modules in charge of collecting the underlying data and outputing control result,the main controller responsible for data processing and computing,with many function modules inside.Users can achieve control capability by write configuration file call these modules,flexible and at liberty.The system,which we designed,use CAN bus and ethemet as internal and external commtmieation mode.Acquisition control modules and main controller communicate by CAN bus.At the same time,the main controller has network interface,users can remotely download or modify the configuration file, meet their control demand.
In this paper,we give a brief introduction to the relative technology first,followed by the overall design of the system hardware and software solutions and selection,and then introduced hardware design of control modules and main controller.And then we give an explicit statement about the software design,including control modules and main controller.Finally we summarized the overall design course and illuminate the problem we meet in design process.
传统采集控制系统针对特定的控制现场设计,适应性不强,当新的控制需求出现时,系统需要重新设计,费时费力。针对这种需求,出现了PLC,DCS等控制设备,它们采用模块化设计,强大、灵活、稳定,可以很好的满足控制需求。但它们往往由国外厂商设计,同时技术保密,占据国内工控市场大部分份额,我们需要自主研发的控制系统。而近年来,嵌入式系统技术及高性能ARM处理器的发展,为我们设计灵活强大的控制系统提供了物质基础,本文的主要工作是致力于设计基于嵌入式的模块化控制系统。
本文设计的系统采用主从式结构。采集控制模块以AT89S52单片机为核心,主控制器以S3C2410微处理器为核心。采集控制模块负责底层数据采集和控制输出,主控制器负责数据的处理和运算。主控制器内部带有许多功能模块,用户通过组态序列调用这些模块实现控制运算功能,灵活自由。本系统以CAN总线和以太网作为内部和外部通信方式,采集模块和主控制器通过CAN总线通信,同时主控制器带有网络接口,用户可通过网络远程下载或修改组态序列,满足自己的控制需求。
本文首先对本系统采用的有关技术做了简单的介绍,其次阐述了本系统总体设计方案及软硬件选型,然后介绍了采集控制模块及主控制器的硬件电路设计,接着我们详细介绍了系统的软件设计,包括采集控制模块的软件设计和主控制器的软件设计,最后对本系统的设计做了总结。
Data acquisition and control is an important branch of information science field. develop as yet has become a specialized technology,widely used in the industrial field. The emergence and development of fieldbus enhanced communication capability of data acquisition and control system,making relation among equipment more and more closer.Ethernet,which based on TCP/IP protocol,with long distance transmission power and convenient features,has develop to the data acquisition and control filed. Control equipment join up ethernet,becoming a trend,can greatly enhance its geographical distribution ability.
Traditional acquisition and control system usually designed for particular scene of control,with low adaptability.When new control demand comes up,the system need to re-design,wasting time and labor.In response to this demand,PLC,DCS and other control equipments come up,they are modular design,powerful,flexible and stable, and can meet the control demand very well.However,these equipments are often designed by foreign manufacturers,technological security at the same time.These products occupy a high rate of domestic industrial control market,which is unacceptable for us.In recent years,embedded systems technology and high performance ARM micro-processor are developing very fast,these provides a material base for us to design a powerful and flexible control system.The main task of this paper is committed to design a modular control system based on embedded technology.
The system structure is master-slave style.Acquisition and control modules use AT89S52 as core,main controller uses S3C2410 as core.The control modules in charge of collecting the underlying data and outputing control result,the main controller responsible for data processing and computing,with many function modules inside.Users can achieve control capability by write configuration file call these modules,flexible and at liberty.The system,which we designed,use CAN bus and ethemet as internal and external commtmieation mode.Acquisition control modules and main controller communicate by CAN bus.At the same time,the main controller has network interface,users can remotely download or modify the configuration file, meet their control demand.
In this paper,we give a brief introduction to the relative technology first,followed by the overall design of the system hardware and software solutions and selection,and then introduced hardware design of control modules and main controller.And then we give an explicit statement about the software design,including control modules and main controller.Finally we summarized the overall design course and illuminate the problem we meet in design process.
引文
[1]王琳,商周,王学伟.数据采集系统的发展与应用.电测与仪表.2004,8:4-8.
[2]武永梅.基于嵌入式的以太网与现场总线协议网关的设计:(博士学位论文).山西:太原理工大学,2006.
[3]赵金刚.现场总线及其发展现状.自动化与仪表,1996.4.
[4]李正军.现场总线与工业以太网及其应用系统设计.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.
[5]熊光泽,罗蕾.嵌入式软件技术的现状与发展动向.计算机应用,2001,20(7).
[6]谢克明.嵌入式操作系统研究及开发实例.自动化博览,2005,2(1):23-26.
[7]沈文斌.嵌入式硬件系统设计与开发实例详解.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[8]孙宏.安全嵌入式系统研究与设计:(博士学位论文).北京:北京邮电大学,2003.
[9]费浙平.基于ARM的嵌入式系统程序开发要点.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003,11.
[10]牟琳.基于ARM9的嵌入式系统的构建研究:(硕士学位论文).重庆:重庆大学,2006.
[11]杨庆华.基于ARM与CAN总线的嵌入式系统软硬件平台的研究与实现:(硕士学位论文).山东:山东理工大学,2008.
[12]谢志丹.基于CAN总线工控现场数据采集处理系统的研制:(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2008.
[13]饶运涛,邹继军,郑勇荟.现场总线CAN原理与应用技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[14]李阳铭.基于ARM的嵌入式网关研究:(硕士学位论文).合肥:合肥工业大学,2006.
[15]Andrew Tanenbaum.Computer Networks.New Jersey:Prentice Hall,2003.
[16]陈向群.嵌入式系统Web服务器.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[17]W.Richard Stevens.TCP/IP Illustrated,Volume l:The Protocols.New Jersey:Addison Wesley,1993.
[18]林瑶,蒋慧,杜蔚轩.用TCP/IP进行网际互连(第一卷:原理、协议与结构).北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[19]http://download.ehinaitlab.eom/system/files/2789.html.
[20]Ganssle Jack G.The Art of Programming Embedded Systems.San Diego:Academic press,1992.
[21]http://www.51testing.com/html/45/n-87245.html.
[22]谢克明.嵌入式操作系统研究及开发实例.自动化博览,2005,2(1):23-26.
[23]金西,黄汪.嵌入式Linux技术及其应用.计算机应用,2000,7.
[24]熊江.三种嵌入式操作系统的分析与比较.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003,05.
[25]S3C2410X 32-Bit RISC Microprocessor User's Manual.Samsung Electronics Corp,2003.
[26]CS8900A product datasheet.Cirrus Logic Corp.
[27]MCP2510 datasheet Reference.Microchip Technology Inc.
[28]AT89S52 datasheet.Atmel Corp.
[29]SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN controller datasheet.Philips Semiconductor.
[30]陈明计,周立功.嵌入式实时操作系统Small RTOS51原理和应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[31]MC2410E DEVELOP KIT用户手册.博睿嵌入式系统工作室.
[32]胡汉才.单片机原理及其接口技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[33]姜琳,赵文豪,王文记.基于ARM和CAN总线的电气信号采集节点的设计.信号与系统,2008,5:38-41.
[34]http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/UART.
[35]丁戈宇.基于嵌入式以太网的LED显示屏控制系统应用研究:(硕士学位论文).南京:东南大学,2006.
[36]Small RTOS下SJA1000驱动程序的编写.广州周立功单片机发展有限公司,2003.
[37]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程二.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[38]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程三.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[39]武汉创维特公司.CAN程序说明.http://www.cvtech.com.cn/down_index.asp,2007.
[40]W.Richard Stevens.UNiX Network Programming Volume 1,Third Edition:The Sockets Networking API.New Jersey:Addison Wesley,1993.
[2]武永梅.基于嵌入式的以太网与现场总线协议网关的设计:(博士学位论文).山西:太原理工大学,2006.
[3]赵金刚.现场总线及其发展现状.自动化与仪表,1996.4.
[4]李正军.现场总线与工业以太网及其应用系统设计.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.
[5]熊光泽,罗蕾.嵌入式软件技术的现状与发展动向.计算机应用,2001,20(7).
[6]谢克明.嵌入式操作系统研究及开发实例.自动化博览,2005,2(1):23-26.
[7]沈文斌.嵌入式硬件系统设计与开发实例详解.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[8]孙宏.安全嵌入式系统研究与设计:(博士学位论文).北京:北京邮电大学,2003.
[9]费浙平.基于ARM的嵌入式系统程序开发要点.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003,11.
[10]牟琳.基于ARM9的嵌入式系统的构建研究:(硕士学位论文).重庆:重庆大学,2006.
[11]杨庆华.基于ARM与CAN总线的嵌入式系统软硬件平台的研究与实现:(硕士学位论文).山东:山东理工大学,2008.
[12]谢志丹.基于CAN总线工控现场数据采集处理系统的研制:(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2008.
[13]饶运涛,邹继军,郑勇荟.现场总线CAN原理与应用技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[14]李阳铭.基于ARM的嵌入式网关研究:(硕士学位论文).合肥:合肥工业大学,2006.
[15]Andrew Tanenbaum.Computer Networks.New Jersey:Prentice Hall,2003.
[16]陈向群.嵌入式系统Web服务器.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[17]W.Richard Stevens.TCP/IP Illustrated,Volume l:The Protocols.New Jersey:Addison Wesley,1993.
[18]林瑶,蒋慧,杜蔚轩.用TCP/IP进行网际互连(第一卷:原理、协议与结构).北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[19]http://download.ehinaitlab.eom/system/files/2789.html.
[20]Ganssle Jack G.The Art of Programming Embedded Systems.San Diego:Academic press,1992.
[21]http://www.51testing.com/html/45/n-87245.html.
[22]谢克明.嵌入式操作系统研究及开发实例.自动化博览,2005,2(1):23-26.
[23]金西,黄汪.嵌入式Linux技术及其应用.计算机应用,2000,7.
[24]熊江.三种嵌入式操作系统的分析与比较.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003,05.
[25]S3C2410X 32-Bit RISC Microprocessor User's Manual.Samsung Electronics Corp,2003.
[26]CS8900A product datasheet.Cirrus Logic Corp.
[27]MCP2510 datasheet Reference.Microchip Technology Inc.
[28]AT89S52 datasheet.Atmel Corp.
[29]SJA1000 Stand-alone CAN controller datasheet.Philips Semiconductor.
[30]陈明计,周立功.嵌入式实时操作系统Small RTOS51原理和应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[31]MC2410E DEVELOP KIT用户手册.博睿嵌入式系统工作室.
[32]胡汉才.单片机原理及其接口技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[33]姜琳,赵文豪,王文记.基于ARM和CAN总线的电气信号采集节点的设计.信号与系统,2008,5:38-41.
[34]http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/UART.
[35]丁戈宇.基于嵌入式以太网的LED显示屏控制系统应用研究:(硕士学位论文).南京:东南大学,2006.
[36]Small RTOS下SJA1000驱动程序的编写.广州周立功单片机发展有限公司,2003.
[37]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程二.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[38]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程三.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[39]武汉创维特公司.CAN程序说明.http://www.cvtech.com.cn/down_index.asp,2007.
[40]W.Richard Stevens.UNiX Network Programming Volume 1,Third Edition:The Sockets Networking API.New Jersey:Addison Wesley,1993.