基于虚拟机平台的实时系统的设计与实现
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摘要
世界上的现代化连铸生产，正在不断地提高它的自动化程度和钢产品质量，以获取更大的效益，因此采用了许多先进的技术。下渣检测系统作为当代最先进的连铸生产线的配套环节技术，其目的是尽可能减少从大包转移到中间包的熔渣，以获得最大的钢产量。最近，中国自行研制的第一台新型的下渣检测系统在杭州钢铁公司开发成功，该系统由具有高增益、强抗干扰的检测仪器，工作在1400℃的传感器，以及计算机实时监控系统组成。本文提出了实时数据处理系统的设计方案，该方案采用个人计算机(PC)和数据采集卡(DAQ)作为硬件支撑平台，并利用基于虚拟机的．NET技术实现。通过硬件接口电路，配置实时数据处理软件的计算机和下渣检测仪器组成了功能更强大的系统。该系统实现了下渣连铸检测的实时数据处理功能，包括实时显示、存储、查询以及连铸过程信号的打印。同时实时显示还起到了监控整个系统运行的作用。在100吨钢包连铸生产线上新系统运行并取得了预期的效果。
本文首先介绍了下渣检测系统的工业背景和基于虚拟机平台的实时性研究现状。然后介绍了一种“软”实时技术，智能垃圾收集方案，该方案是在设计过程中提出的实时性解决方案。本文的第四章介绍了软件系统的总体设计，以及各个功能模块和软件设计中的关键算法，最后给出了智能垃圾收集方案的应用。在课题小结部分，介绍了软件的功能，并给出了现场运行的实测曲线。最后进行了项目的总结和展望。
Modern continuous casting product in the world is being continuously improved on its automatization and the quality of steel to get higher benefit. For this reason, many advanced technologies are used. One of them is a ladle slag detection system. The aim is to obtain maximum yield form each ladle at minimum transfer of slag from ladle to tundish. Recently the first novel slag detection system developed in China has been completed in Hangzhou steel company with successful results. It includes a detection instrument with high gain, strong anti-interference and a sensor working at about 1400, and a computer monitor system to enhance its function as well. According to the object-oriented design methods, a real-time data processing system is proposed and realized by means of a personal computer (PC) with a data acquisition board (DAQ). The general idea is based on a virtual machine using .NET technology. Via an interface circuit the slag detection system and the PC with such a software system constitute a more powerful one. That can implement the real-time data processing functions for slag detection of continuous casting ladle with real-time display, storage, inquiry, and print of the slag signal obtained at the end of pouring of each ladle. At the same time, the display acts as a monitor to image the operation of the whole system. The new system has been tested on the continuous caster with 100t ladles and prospective results are obtained.
The industrial background of the slag detection system and the general idea of the real-time system based on virtual machines are introduced firstly in this chapter. And then the intelligent garbage collection (GC) is given, which is extracted form the design of the real-time system. The general design, function modules and key algorithms of the software are described in Chapter 4. As a result, the typical curves recorded in on-line tests are given in the Summery.
本文首先介绍了下渣检测系统的工业背景和基于虚拟机平台的实时性研究现状。然后介绍了一种“软”实时技术，智能垃圾收集方案，该方案是在设计过程中提出的实时性解决方案。本文的第四章介绍了软件系统的总体设计，以及各个功能模块和软件设计中的关键算法，最后给出了智能垃圾收集方案的应用。在课题小结部分，介绍了软件的功能，并给出了现场运行的实测曲线。最后进行了项目的总结和展望。
Modern continuous casting product in the world is being continuously improved on its automatization and the quality of steel to get higher benefit. For this reason, many advanced technologies are used. One of them is a ladle slag detection system. The aim is to obtain maximum yield form each ladle at minimum transfer of slag from ladle to tundish. Recently the first novel slag detection system developed in China has been completed in Hangzhou steel company with successful results. It includes a detection instrument with high gain, strong anti-interference and a sensor working at about 1400, and a computer monitor system to enhance its function as well. According to the object-oriented design methods, a real-time data processing system is proposed and realized by means of a personal computer (PC) with a data acquisition board (DAQ). The general idea is based on a virtual machine using .NET technology. Via an interface circuit the slag detection system and the PC with such a software system constitute a more powerful one. That can implement the real-time data processing functions for slag detection of continuous casting ladle with real-time display, storage, inquiry, and print of the slag signal obtained at the end of pouring of each ladle. At the same time, the display acts as a monitor to image the operation of the whole system. The new system has been tested on the continuous caster with 100t ladles and prospective results are obtained.
The industrial background of the slag detection system and the general idea of the real-time system based on virtual machines are introduced firstly in this chapter. And then the intelligent garbage collection (GC) is given, which is extracted form the design of the real-time system. The general design, function modules and key algorithms of the software are described in Chapter 4. As a result, the typical curves recorded in on-line tests are given in the Summery.
引文
【1】 Paul R. Wilson Uniprocessor Garbage Collection Techniques, 1992 International Workshop on Memory Management
【2】 Jeffrey Richter Applied Microsoft.NET Framework Programming Microsoft Press 2002
【3】 Henry Lieberman and Carl Hewitt A real-time garbage collector based on the lifetimes of objects. Communications of ACM, 26(6): 419-429, June 1983
【4】 Pico Java-Ⅱ Micro architecture Guide, Sun Microsystems, Inc, March 1999
【5】 Tim Lindholm, Frank Yellin, The Java Virtual Machine Specification, second edition, Sun Microsystems, Inc,
【6】 Common Language Infrastructure, partition 1: Concepts and architecture
【7】 MSDN Help, Overview of the .NET Framework, Microsoft Inc.
【8】 Greg Bollella, The Real-Time specification for Java,. http://www.rtj.org
【9】 Kevin Burton, .NET Common Language Runtime Unleashed, sams publishing, April 04, 2002
【10】 Kelvin Nilson, Memory Cycle Accountings for Hardware-Assisted Real-Time Garbage Collection, 17 November 1992
【11】 D. Qiu A Novel Continuous Casting Slag Detection System Using a Single-Coil Sensor, Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy, Vol 26, August 1997
【12】 A822 PGH/PGL Enhanced Multi-function Card Hardware Manual
【13】 Doron Drusinsky著，Jill译，如何用状态图进行设计
【14】 邵祖铭 实时操作系统与通用操作系统的一些比较
【15】 郑新友 丛玉伟 转炉出钢挡渣方法 钢铁研究．2000,(1)．-59-63
【16】 Peter C．Dibble著 藤启明等译 实时Java平台编程 2003
【17】Kouresh Ardestani, Kevin Hoffman, Donald Xie著, 张哲峰译 高效掌握ADO.NET-C#编程篇
【18】徐峻峰著 基于数据采集卡的虚拟仪器的设计与实现 2002年2月
【19】张波 炼钢技术发展动向 钢铁钒铁，1993，14(3)：62
【20】David J．Kruglinski著Visual C++技术内幕(第五版)清华大学出版社1998
【21】沈兰荪著 数据采集技术 中国科学技术大学出版社 1990
【22】Charles Petzold著 Windows程序设计 北京大学出版社 1999．11
【23】Richter J．著 王建华等译 Windows核心编程 机械工业出版社 2000．5
【24】康伟 郑正奇 Windows 下实时数据采集的实现 计算机应用研究 2001，18(3)．-105-106
【25】Bill Venners著 曹晓钢 蒋靖译 深入 Java 虚拟机 机械工业出版社2003
【26】Meilir Page-Jones著 包晓露 赵晓玲 叶天军 唐亚军译 UML面向对象设计基础 人民邮电出版社 2000
【27】Clements Szyperski，Dominik Gruntz，Stephan Murer著 构件化软件—超越面向对象编程(第二版)电子工业出版社2003
【28】探矽工作室著 深入嵌入式Java虚拟机 中国铁道出版社 2003
【29】Hafedk Mill，Ali Mili，Sherif Yacoub，Edward Addy著 基于重用的软件工程—技术、组织和控制(英文版)电子工业出版社 2003
【30】Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein算法导论(第二版 影印版)高等教育出版社 2003
【31】Rick Grehan, Robert Motte, Ingo Cyliaxz著 许砮峰译 32位嵌入式系统编程 中国电力出版社 2001
【32】林锐著 高质量C++／C编程指南 2001
【33】Don Box，Chris Sells著．NET本质论 第一卷：公共语言运行时 中国电力出版社 2003
【34】郑纬民 汤志忠 编著 计算机系统体系结构(第二版)清华大学出版社1998
【2】 Jeffrey Richter Applied Microsoft.NET Framework Programming Microsoft Press 2002
【3】 Henry Lieberman and Carl Hewitt A real-time garbage collector based on the lifetimes of objects. Communications of ACM, 26(6): 419-429, June 1983
【4】 Pico Java-Ⅱ Micro architecture Guide, Sun Microsystems, Inc, March 1999
【5】 Tim Lindholm, Frank Yellin, The Java Virtual Machine Specification, second edition, Sun Microsystems, Inc,
【6】 Common Language Infrastructure, partition 1: Concepts and architecture
【7】 MSDN Help, Overview of the .NET Framework, Microsoft Inc.
【8】 Greg Bollella, The Real-Time specification for Java,. http://www.rtj.org
【9】 Kevin Burton, .NET Common Language Runtime Unleashed, sams publishing, April 04, 2002
【10】 Kelvin Nilson, Memory Cycle Accountings for Hardware-Assisted Real-Time Garbage Collection, 17 November 1992
【11】 D. Qiu A Novel Continuous Casting Slag Detection System Using a Single-Coil Sensor, Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy, Vol 26, August 1997
【12】 A822 PGH/PGL Enhanced Multi-function Card Hardware Manual
【13】 Doron Drusinsky著，Jill译，如何用状态图进行设计
【14】 邵祖铭 实时操作系统与通用操作系统的一些比较
【15】 郑新友 丛玉伟 转炉出钢挡渣方法 钢铁研究．2000,(1)．-59-63
【16】 Peter C．Dibble著 藤启明等译 实时Java平台编程 2003
【17】Kouresh Ardestani, Kevin Hoffman, Donald Xie著, 张哲峰译 高效掌握ADO.NET-C#编程篇
【18】徐峻峰著 基于数据采集卡的虚拟仪器的设计与实现 2002年2月
【19】张波 炼钢技术发展动向 钢铁钒铁，1993，14(3)：62
【20】David J．Kruglinski著Visual C++技术内幕(第五版)清华大学出版社1998
【21】沈兰荪著 数据采集技术 中国科学技术大学出版社 1990
【22】Charles Petzold著 Windows程序设计 北京大学出版社 1999．11
【23】Richter J．著 王建华等译 Windows核心编程 机械工业出版社 2000．5
【24】康伟 郑正奇 Windows 下实时数据采集的实现 计算机应用研究 2001，18(3)．-105-106
【25】Bill Venners著 曹晓钢 蒋靖译 深入 Java 虚拟机 机械工业出版社2003
【26】Meilir Page-Jones著 包晓露 赵晓玲 叶天军 唐亚军译 UML面向对象设计基础 人民邮电出版社 2000
【27】Clements Szyperski，Dominik Gruntz，Stephan Murer著 构件化软件—超越面向对象编程(第二版)电子工业出版社2003
【28】探矽工作室著 深入嵌入式Java虚拟机 中国铁道出版社 2003
【29】Hafedk Mill，Ali Mili，Sherif Yacoub，Edward Addy著 基于重用的软件工程—技术、组织和控制(英文版)电子工业出版社 2003
【30】Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, Clifford Stein算法导论(第二版 影印版)高等教育出版社 2003
【31】Rick Grehan, Robert Motte, Ingo Cyliaxz著 许砮峰译 32位嵌入式系统编程 中国电力出版社 2001
【32】林锐著 高质量C++／C编程指南 2001
【33】Don Box，Chris Sells著．NET本质论 第一卷：公共语言运行时 中国电力出版社 2003
【34】郑纬民 汤志忠 编著 计算机系统体系结构(第二版)清华大学出版社1998