UML面向对象技术在分布式监控系统中的应用与研究
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摘要
软件系统的分析和设计是软件生命周期中最关键的环节，一个成功的软件系统必然建立在良好的分析和设计基础之上。
UML(Unified Modeling Language)统一建模语言已受到软件界广泛的关注，它融入了软件工程领域的新思想、新方法和新技术。它的作用域不仅支持面向对象的分析和设计，还支持从需求分析开始的软件开发的过程。研究UML在各个领域的应用是UML的研究目标之一。
本文概述了软件工程的发展和面向对象的设计思想，着重介绍了面向对象的分析与设计。然后介绍了监控系统软件的特点及其发展现状，简要讲述了统一建模语言UML的基本概念和体系结构。全文重点论述了利用UML面向对象的软件设计思想设计开发监控系统软件的过程，并把这一过程分为全局分析、局部分析、全局设计和局部设计四个阶段详细论述。本文在全局分析中定义了拟建系统所采用的架构以及影响构架的要素；在局部分析中选定了几个用例为研究对象，提取了其中的分析类并使用UML顺序图转述了需求场景；在全局设计中，将现有的分析类映射成了模型中的设计元素，明确了适用于拟建系统的设计机制；在局部设计中利用全局设计提供的素材，精化了设计类的属性和操作，然后在不同的局部，用精化后的设计元素替换和落实了系统分析的结果。最后根据这一思想，实现了一套分布式高速公路监控系统软件，并对实现后的系统做了简要介绍。
采用UML进行系统建模已经成为面向对象分析和设计的一种趋势。但是由于UML本身的复杂性以及我国软件产业发展的局限性，UML尚未在我国软件企业中得到充分的重视。本文从理论和实践两个方面对UML在软件系统建模方面的应用进行了研究，所提出的观点对软件开发人员掌握面向对象建模技术具有一定的参考价值。
System analysis and design is the most important part in the software life cycle. A successful software system is always based on good analysis and design.
UML(Unified Modeling Language) brings great attention in software engineering, it melts into new ideas, new methods and new technology of software engineering. It not only supports object-oriented analysis and design, but also supports the whole process of software development. Researching the application of UML in various fields is one of research goals of UML.
The thesis summarizes the design thought of the object-oriented technology and the development of the software engineering, introduces the characteristics of monitoring system software and its development actuality at present, briefly presents the basic concept of the UML. The process of designing monitoring software by use of the object-oriented technology is discussed emphatically. The process is divided into four steps which is called respectively the global analysis, the local analysis, the global design, and the local design. In the global analysis, the architecture and the correlative elements of the system are defined. In the local analysis, some analysis classes are distilled and some UML sequence diagrams are drawn. In the global design, analysis classes are mapped into design elements in the model and the design mechanism of the system is made certain. In the local design, the properties and operations of the design classes are substantiated, then the analysis model is superseded by the design mode
1. Then according to this thought, a set of distributed monitoring system software for freeway is realized; finally a brief introduction of the realized system is given.
Modeling with UML has become a trend in object-oriented analysis and design. But because of the complexity of the UML and the limit of the software industry in our country, most software enterprises give it deficient attention. This thesis emphasizes the research and implementation of software system modeling based on UML, which maybe help software developers to master object-oriented modeling technology.
UML(Unified Modeling Language)统一建模语言已受到软件界广泛的关注，它融入了软件工程领域的新思想、新方法和新技术。它的作用域不仅支持面向对象的分析和设计，还支持从需求分析开始的软件开发的过程。研究UML在各个领域的应用是UML的研究目标之一。
本文概述了软件工程的发展和面向对象的设计思想，着重介绍了面向对象的分析与设计。然后介绍了监控系统软件的特点及其发展现状，简要讲述了统一建模语言UML的基本概念和体系结构。全文重点论述了利用UML面向对象的软件设计思想设计开发监控系统软件的过程，并把这一过程分为全局分析、局部分析、全局设计和局部设计四个阶段详细论述。本文在全局分析中定义了拟建系统所采用的架构以及影响构架的要素；在局部分析中选定了几个用例为研究对象，提取了其中的分析类并使用UML顺序图转述了需求场景；在全局设计中，将现有的分析类映射成了模型中的设计元素，明确了适用于拟建系统的设计机制；在局部设计中利用全局设计提供的素材，精化了设计类的属性和操作，然后在不同的局部，用精化后的设计元素替换和落实了系统分析的结果。最后根据这一思想，实现了一套分布式高速公路监控系统软件，并对实现后的系统做了简要介绍。
采用UML进行系统建模已经成为面向对象分析和设计的一种趋势。但是由于UML本身的复杂性以及我国软件产业发展的局限性，UML尚未在我国软件企业中得到充分的重视。本文从理论和实践两个方面对UML在软件系统建模方面的应用进行了研究，所提出的观点对软件开发人员掌握面向对象建模技术具有一定的参考价值。
System analysis and design is the most important part in the software life cycle. A successful software system is always based on good analysis and design.
UML(Unified Modeling Language) brings great attention in software engineering, it melts into new ideas, new methods and new technology of software engineering. It not only supports object-oriented analysis and design, but also supports the whole process of software development. Researching the application of UML in various fields is one of research goals of UML.
The thesis summarizes the design thought of the object-oriented technology and the development of the software engineering, introduces the characteristics of monitoring system software and its development actuality at present, briefly presents the basic concept of the UML. The process of designing monitoring software by use of the object-oriented technology is discussed emphatically. The process is divided into four steps which is called respectively the global analysis, the local analysis, the global design, and the local design. In the global analysis, the architecture and the correlative elements of the system are defined. In the local analysis, some analysis classes are distilled and some UML sequence diagrams are drawn. In the global design, analysis classes are mapped into design elements in the model and the design mechanism of the system is made certain. In the local design, the properties and operations of the design classes are substantiated, then the analysis model is superseded by the design mode
1. Then according to this thought, a set of distributed monitoring system software for freeway is realized; finally a brief introduction of the realized system is given.
Modeling with UML has become a trend in object-oriented analysis and design. But because of the complexity of the UML and the limit of the software industry in our country, most software enterprises give it deficient attention. This thesis emphasizes the research and implementation of software system modeling based on UML, which maybe help software developers to master object-oriented modeling technology.
引文
[1] 卞正岗，世纪之交话自动化仪表工业，测控技术，2000，第1期
[2] 华容，PLC在集散控制系统中的作用及其发展趋势，电工技术杂志，2000，第3期
[3] 周砚江，周春晖，21世纪国产纺织机械的控制系统—现场总线控制系统，丝绸，2000，第2期
[4] 陈曦，姚普光，工业控制软件的面向对象开发技术，河北工业大学学报，1998，第2期
[5] 吴炜煜编著，面向对象分析设计与编程(OOA／OOD／OOP)，清华大学出版社，2000
[6] Larman，C．著，UML和模式应用，姚淑珍等译，机械工业出版社，2002
[7] 周之英著，现代软件工程——基本方法篇，科学出版社，2000
[8] Scott W. Ambler: Building Object Applications: Patterns, Architecture, Design, Construction, and Testing, Prentice Hall, 1997
[9] Michael Blaha, William Premerlani: Object-Oriented Modeling and Design for Database Applications, Prentice Hall, 1997
[10] Rainer Burkhardt: UML: Unified Modeling Language, Addison-Wesley, 1997.
[11] Peter Coad, Eric Lefebvre, Jeff De Luca: Java Modeling in Color with UML, Prentice Hall, 1999.
[12] 北京大学计算机科学技术系编译，UML的现状及未来发展，计算机世界报，2003，第48期
[13] AmblerScott W．著，面向对象软件开发教程，车皓阳，刘锐译，机械工业出版社，2003
[14] Aluo J，ArlowJim著，UML和统一过程，方贵宾译，机械工业出版社，2003
[15] CoulourisGeorge，DollimoreJean，KindbergTim著，分布式系统概念与设计=Distributed systems concepts and design，金蓓弘译，机械工业出版社，2004
[16] 李文军，周晓聪，李师贤编著，分布式对象技术，机械工业出版社，2004．
[17] 陈锐编著，Delphi分布式多层应用程序开发，清华大学出版社，2002
[18] 范逸之编著，Visual Basjc与分布式监控系统：RS-232／485串行通信，
清华大学出版社，2002
[19] Emmerich, Wolfgang, Tai Stefan: Engineering distributed objects, Springer, 2001
[20] Ila Neustadt: UML and the Unified Process Practical Object-Oriented Analysis and Design, Addison-Wesley 2001
[21] Booch，Rumbaugh，Jacobson著，UML参考手册，邵维忠等译，机械工业出版社，2001
[22] Jim Arlow，Ila Neustadt著，UML和统一过程——面向对象的分析和设计，方贵宾，李侃，张罡译，机械工业出版社，2003
[23] HaighAndrew著，面向对象的分析与设计，贾爱霞译，机械工业出版社，2003
[24] SchachStephen R．著，面向对象与传统软件工程=Object-Oriented and classical software engineering，fifth edition，韩松，邓迎春，李萍译，机械工业出版社，2003
[25] Booch，Rumbaugh，Jacobson著，UML用户指南，邵维忠等译，机械工业出版社，2001
[26] Booch，Rumbaugh，Jacobson著，统一软件开发过程，周伯生等译，机械工业出版社，2002
[27] Joseph Schmuller著，UML基础、案例与应用，李虎 王英美 万里威译，人民邮电出版社，2002
[28] 张龙详编著，UML与系统分析设计，人民邮电出版社，2001
[29] Wendy Boggs，Michael Boggs著，UML with Rational Rose 2002从入门到精通，电子工业出版社，2002
[30] Sinan Si Albir著，UML技术手册，常晓波译，中国电力出版社，2002
[31] 尤克滨编著，UML应用建模实践过程，机械工业出版社，2003
[32] 孙惠民著，UML设计实作宝典，中国铁道出版社，2003
[33] 冀振燕编著，UML系统分析设计与应用案例，北京：人民邮电出版社，2003
[34] StevensPerdita，PooleyRob著，使用UML：关于对象和组件软件工程，包晓露，赵晓玲译，人民邮电出版社，2003
[35] FontouraMarcus，PreeWolfgang，RumpeBernhard著，框架体系结构的UML档案=The UML profile for framework architectures，张罡译，李侃
译，机械工业出版社，2003
[36] CarlsonDavid著，XML应用的UML建模技术，周靖译，清华大学出版社，2003
[37] 吴际，金茂忠，UML面向对象分析，北京航空航天大学出版社 2002
[38] Craig Larman著，UML和模式应用，姚淑珍等译，机械工业出版社，2002
[39] Meillir Page Jones著，UML面向对象设计基础，包晓露等译，人民邮电出版社，2001
[40] Xiaoping Jia: Object Oriented Software Development Using Java, Addison-Wesley Longman, Incorporated, 2002
[41] David William Brown: Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis: Objects and UML in Plain English, Wiley, 2001
[42] Philippe Kruchten: The 4+1 View Model of Architecture, IEEE Software, 1995
[43] John Cheesman, John Daniels: UML Components: A Simple Process for Specifying Component-Based Software, Addison..Wesley, 2000.
[44] Eric J. Braude: Software Design With Patterns, UML, and Components, Wiley, 2002
[45] Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson: The Unified Modeling Language User Guide, Addison-Wesley, 1998.
[46] Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh: The Unified Software Development Process, Addison-Wesley, 1999.
[47] James Martin, James J. Odell: Object-Oriented Methods: A Foundation, UML Edition, Prentice, Hall, 1997.
[48] Richard Hubert: Convergent Architecture Building Model-Driven J2EE Systems with UML (OMG Press), Wiley, 2001
[49] Jim Conallen: Building Web Applications with UML, Addison Wesley, 2000.
[50] Alan Dennis: Systems Analysis & Design with UML, Wiley, 2001
[2] 华容，PLC在集散控制系统中的作用及其发展趋势，电工技术杂志，2000，第3期
[3] 周砚江，周春晖，21世纪国产纺织机械的控制系统—现场总线控制系统，丝绸，2000，第2期
[4] 陈曦，姚普光，工业控制软件的面向对象开发技术，河北工业大学学报，1998，第2期
[5] 吴炜煜编著，面向对象分析设计与编程(OOA／OOD／OOP)，清华大学出版社，2000
[6] Larman，C．著，UML和模式应用，姚淑珍等译，机械工业出版社，2002
[7] 周之英著，现代软件工程——基本方法篇，科学出版社，2000
[8] Scott W. Ambler: Building Object Applications: Patterns, Architecture, Design, Construction, and Testing, Prentice Hall, 1997
[9] Michael Blaha, William Premerlani: Object-Oriented Modeling and Design for Database Applications, Prentice Hall, 1997
[10] Rainer Burkhardt: UML: Unified Modeling Language, Addison-Wesley, 1997.
[11] Peter Coad, Eric Lefebvre, Jeff De Luca: Java Modeling in Color with UML, Prentice Hall, 1999.
[12] 北京大学计算机科学技术系编译，UML的现状及未来发展，计算机世界报，2003，第48期
[13] AmblerScott W．著，面向对象软件开发教程，车皓阳，刘锐译，机械工业出版社，2003
[14] Aluo J，ArlowJim著，UML和统一过程，方贵宾译，机械工业出版社，2003
[15] CoulourisGeorge，DollimoreJean，KindbergTim著，分布式系统概念与设计=Distributed systems concepts and design，金蓓弘译，机械工业出版社，2004
[16] 李文军，周晓聪，李师贤编著，分布式对象技术，机械工业出版社，2004．
[17] 陈锐编著，Delphi分布式多层应用程序开发，清华大学出版社，2002
[18] 范逸之编著，Visual Basjc与分布式监控系统：RS-232／485串行通信，
清华大学出版社，2002
[19] Emmerich, Wolfgang, Tai Stefan: Engineering distributed objects, Springer, 2001
[20] Ila Neustadt: UML and the Unified Process Practical Object-Oriented Analysis and Design, Addison-Wesley 2001
[21] Booch，Rumbaugh，Jacobson著，UML参考手册，邵维忠等译，机械工业出版社，2001
[22] Jim Arlow，Ila Neustadt著，UML和统一过程——面向对象的分析和设计，方贵宾，李侃，张罡译，机械工业出版社，2003
[23] HaighAndrew著，面向对象的分析与设计，贾爱霞译，机械工业出版社，2003
[24] SchachStephen R．著，面向对象与传统软件工程=Object-Oriented and classical software engineering，fifth edition，韩松，邓迎春，李萍译，机械工业出版社，2003
[25] Booch，Rumbaugh，Jacobson著，UML用户指南，邵维忠等译，机械工业出版社，2001
[26] Booch，Rumbaugh，Jacobson著，统一软件开发过程，周伯生等译，机械工业出版社，2002
[27] Joseph Schmuller著，UML基础、案例与应用，李虎 王英美 万里威译，人民邮电出版社，2002
[28] 张龙详编著，UML与系统分析设计，人民邮电出版社，2001
[29] Wendy Boggs，Michael Boggs著，UML with Rational Rose 2002从入门到精通，电子工业出版社，2002
[30] Sinan Si Albir著，UML技术手册，常晓波译，中国电力出版社，2002
[31] 尤克滨编著，UML应用建模实践过程，机械工业出版社，2003
[32] 孙惠民著，UML设计实作宝典，中国铁道出版社，2003
[33] 冀振燕编著，UML系统分析设计与应用案例，北京：人民邮电出版社，2003
[34] StevensPerdita，PooleyRob著，使用UML：关于对象和组件软件工程，包晓露，赵晓玲译，人民邮电出版社，2003
[35] FontouraMarcus，PreeWolfgang，RumpeBernhard著，框架体系结构的UML档案=The UML profile for framework architectures，张罡译，李侃
译，机械工业出版社，2003
[36] CarlsonDavid著，XML应用的UML建模技术，周靖译，清华大学出版社，2003
[37] 吴际，金茂忠，UML面向对象分析，北京航空航天大学出版社 2002
[38] Craig Larman著，UML和模式应用，姚淑珍等译，机械工业出版社，2002
[39] Meillir Page Jones著，UML面向对象设计基础，包晓露等译，人民邮电出版社，2001
[40] Xiaoping Jia: Object Oriented Software Development Using Java, Addison-Wesley Longman, Incorporated, 2002
[41] David William Brown: Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis: Objects and UML in Plain English, Wiley, 2001
[42] Philippe Kruchten: The 4+1 View Model of Architecture, IEEE Software, 1995
[43] John Cheesman, John Daniels: UML Components: A Simple Process for Specifying Component-Based Software, Addison..Wesley, 2000.
[44] Eric J. Braude: Software Design With Patterns, UML, and Components, Wiley, 2002
[45] Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson: The Unified Modeling Language User Guide, Addison-Wesley, 1998.
[46] Ivar Jacobson, Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh: The Unified Software Development Process, Addison-Wesley, 1999.
[47] James Martin, James J. Odell: Object-Oriented Methods: A Foundation, UML Edition, Prentice, Hall, 1997.
[48] Richard Hubert: Convergent Architecture Building Model-Driven J2EE Systems with UML (OMG Press), Wiley, 2001
[49] Jim Conallen: Building Web Applications with UML, Addison Wesley, 2000.
[50] Alan Dennis: Systems Analysis & Design with UML, Wiley, 2001