含膦含铜电镀废水的处理研究
摘要
含膦含铜电镀废水对环境造成严重污染,在对其废水处理领域得到了广泛而深入的研究,通过电解法可以显著回收废水中的铜,后续微电解法可以降解溶液中的大部分有机膦。
第三章通过对滴定法和分光光度法的实际应用效果分析,探索符合电镀废水体系的最佳分析方法。
第四章以CaCl_2沉淀剂,采用沉淀法对电镀废水进行处理,并对反应生成沉淀进行XRD表征和能谱分析,探讨了沉淀法的反应机理和不足之处。结果表明,沉淀法对Cu~(2+)和P元素的去除率达到了90%以上,不足的是铜很难得到回收,并会产生二次污染。通过分光光度法测定不同反应时间和不同电流密度下废水中Cu~(2+)的去除率,探讨了电解法的回收效率和影响因素。结果表明,电解法的回收效率达到了99%以上,随着电流密度增加,铜的去除率增加,并且达到最大去除率所用的时间减少。通过XRD表征和能谱分析,探讨了微电解法反应的机理,并对微电解法的影响因素Fe-C比、pH值和超声波的协同作用进行了研究。结果表明,在最佳条件Fe-C比为1:1、pH值为3～4并在超声波协同下,废水中的有机膦去除率达到了94%以上。第五章研究了在实际电镀过程中的水污染和预处理方案。结果表明,以空气为动力来剥离粘附在线材表面的液体,并通过空气流实现液体收集的方法可以减少65%的液体携带量,减少了对环境的污染。
Electroplating effluent causes serious pollution to the environment, which has been studied extensively and deeply in the area of effluent treatment. It can recovery the Cu in the effluent obviously through electroanalysis, and then the following iron-carbon-micro-electrolysis can degradate the most of organophosphorus in the liquor.
Chapter 3 analyses the practical effection of titrimetric method and spectrophotometry to explore the best analysis way for the electroplating effluent system.
Chapter 4 is to take the chemical precipitation to deal with the electroplating effluent by CaCl_2 precipitant, and then do the XRD and EDS to the precipitation reaction. However, it also discusses the reaction mechanism and deficiency of chemical precipitation. As a result, the removal rate of chemical precipitation to Cu~(2+) and P reaches 90%,but it is really difficult to recycle the Cu, and it will causes secondary pollution. Through spectrophotometry, measure the different reaction time and Cu~(2+) removal rate in effluent with different current density, and discuss the recycle ratio and influence factor of electroanalysis. The result shows that, the recycle ratio of electroanalysis reaches above 99%, and with the added of current density, the Cu removal ratio adds and the used time reduces for reaching the maximum removal ratio. Through XRD and EDS, discuss the reaction mechanism of electrolysis and study the influence factors Fe-C ratio, pH and ultrasonic wave (UW) Synergy of electrolysis. It shows that the removal rate of P in the effluent reaches above 94%,which is under the best condition that Fe-C ratio is 1:1, pH=3~4 and cooperate with UW. Chapter 5 studies the water pollution and pretreatment ways in the pratical electroplating. In conclusion, foce the liquid adhesiving in the wire to strip with the motive of air, and then through air flow realizing liquid collected can reduce 65% of metal wire dragged-out liquid.
第三章通过对滴定法和分光光度法的实际应用效果分析,探索符合电镀废水体系的最佳分析方法。
第四章以CaCl_2沉淀剂,采用沉淀法对电镀废水进行处理,并对反应生成沉淀进行XRD表征和能谱分析,探讨了沉淀法的反应机理和不足之处。结果表明,沉淀法对Cu~(2+)和P元素的去除率达到了90%以上,不足的是铜很难得到回收,并会产生二次污染。通过分光光度法测定不同反应时间和不同电流密度下废水中Cu~(2+)的去除率,探讨了电解法的回收效率和影响因素。结果表明,电解法的回收效率达到了99%以上,随着电流密度增加,铜的去除率增加,并且达到最大去除率所用的时间减少。通过XRD表征和能谱分析,探讨了微电解法反应的机理,并对微电解法的影响因素Fe-C比、pH值和超声波的协同作用进行了研究。结果表明,在最佳条件Fe-C比为1:1、pH值为3～4并在超声波协同下,废水中的有机膦去除率达到了94%以上。第五章研究了在实际电镀过程中的水污染和预处理方案。结果表明,以空气为动力来剥离粘附在线材表面的液体,并通过空气流实现液体收集的方法可以减少65%的液体携带量,减少了对环境的污染。
Electroplating effluent causes serious pollution to the environment, which has been studied extensively and deeply in the area of effluent treatment. It can recovery the Cu in the effluent obviously through electroanalysis, and then the following iron-carbon-micro-electrolysis can degradate the most of organophosphorus in the liquor.
Chapter 3 analyses the practical effection of titrimetric method and spectrophotometry to explore the best analysis way for the electroplating effluent system.
Chapter 4 is to take the chemical precipitation to deal with the electroplating effluent by CaCl_2 precipitant, and then do the XRD and EDS to the precipitation reaction. However, it also discusses the reaction mechanism and deficiency of chemical precipitation. As a result, the removal rate of chemical precipitation to Cu~(2+) and P reaches 90%,but it is really difficult to recycle the Cu, and it will causes secondary pollution. Through spectrophotometry, measure the different reaction time and Cu~(2+) removal rate in effluent with different current density, and discuss the recycle ratio and influence factor of electroanalysis. The result shows that, the recycle ratio of electroanalysis reaches above 99%, and with the added of current density, the Cu removal ratio adds and the used time reduces for reaching the maximum removal ratio. Through XRD and EDS, discuss the reaction mechanism of electrolysis and study the influence factors Fe-C ratio, pH and ultrasonic wave (UW) Synergy of electrolysis. It shows that the removal rate of P in the effluent reaches above 94%,which is under the best condition that Fe-C ratio is 1:1, pH=3~4 and cooperate with UW. Chapter 5 studies the water pollution and pretreatment ways in the pratical electroplating. In conclusion, foce the liquid adhesiving in the wire to strip with the motive of air, and then through air flow realizing liquid collected can reduce 65% of metal wire dragged-out liquid.
引文
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