切花月季在阳光温室的栽培研究
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摘要
切花月季是世界四大鲜切花之一，在世界花卉产业中具有极其重要的地位。但由于我国在切花月季栽培技术较为落后，与我国实际栽培环境相配套的栽培技术研究也很少，导致切花月季产量低、品质差。针对国内这一普遍存在的问题，为提高我国切花月季的产量和品质，降低生产成本，本课题对日光温室中切花月季的无土栽培技术进行了研究，比较了不同栽培基质对切花月季产量、品质的影响，及对10个中花引进品种在北京地区日光温室条件下的生产比较，探讨了与日光温室配套的栽培技术。
结果表明，在日光温室环境条件下，Black Beauty、Frisco、Pretty Girl、Dream、Golden Gate5个品种的综合性状表现较好。Black Beauty的产量最高，为168枝／平米．年，瓶插寿命最长，为16.2天(20℃下测定)，花型美观，表现出较好的商品特性。栽培基质的初选试验得出，泥炭是切花月季的最适栽培基质，泥炭培的切花月季单株产量最高，为170.4枝／平米．年；复合基质中泥炭+珍珠岩(体积比1：1)表现最好，与品种(?)的组合单株产量最高，为201.6枝／平米．年；泥炭+珍珠岩(体积比2：1)也表现较好。椰糠，泥炭+煤渣(体积比1：1)栽培切花月季表现不理想，切花的产量和品质均较差。基质栽培相对土壤栽培在切花品质和产量上有显著的提高。解决高温天气对低床基质的温度剧烈影响是北京地区日光温室切花月季生产的重要措施。
日光温室最突出的特点是利用我国北方地区冬季晴天多、光能资源丰富，实现基本上不加温或少加温，进行反季节、超时令花卉生产。由于它的造价低、取材方便、节约能源、采光性和保温性好，因此经济效益好。在北方地区大力发展节能型日光温室，选择与之相适应的优良月季品种和栽培技术，是结合北方实际、切实可行的发展温室花卉生产的道路。
The soiless media, 10 varieties cut roses and environmental factors were studied in this paper. The results of the study indicated as following:
1. five varieties cut roses were suitable in Beijing area,that is :Black Beauty Frisco, pretty girl. Dream and Golden Gate
2. comparing in 7 kinds of soiless media, peat, mixer of peat-perlite (volume,1: 1) and mixer of peat-perlite (volume,2:1) show good expression.
3. based on the investigation,it is critical to solve the high temperature of soiless media in summer.
结果表明，在日光温室环境条件下，Black Beauty、Frisco、Pretty Girl、Dream、Golden Gate5个品种的综合性状表现较好。Black Beauty的产量最高，为168枝／平米．年，瓶插寿命最长，为16.2天(20℃下测定)，花型美观，表现出较好的商品特性。栽培基质的初选试验得出，泥炭是切花月季的最适栽培基质，泥炭培的切花月季单株产量最高，为170.4枝／平米．年；复合基质中泥炭+珍珠岩(体积比1：1)表现最好，与品种(?)的组合单株产量最高，为201.6枝／平米．年；泥炭+珍珠岩(体积比2：1)也表现较好。椰糠，泥炭+煤渣(体积比1：1)栽培切花月季表现不理想，切花的产量和品质均较差。基质栽培相对土壤栽培在切花品质和产量上有显著的提高。解决高温天气对低床基质的温度剧烈影响是北京地区日光温室切花月季生产的重要措施。
日光温室最突出的特点是利用我国北方地区冬季晴天多、光能资源丰富，实现基本上不加温或少加温，进行反季节、超时令花卉生产。由于它的造价低、取材方便、节约能源、采光性和保温性好，因此经济效益好。在北方地区大力发展节能型日光温室，选择与之相适应的优良月季品种和栽培技术，是结合北方实际、切实可行的发展温室花卉生产的道路。
The soiless media, 10 varieties cut roses and environmental factors were studied in this paper. The results of the study indicated as following:
1. five varieties cut roses were suitable in Beijing area,that is :Black Beauty Frisco, pretty girl. Dream and Golden Gate
2. comparing in 7 kinds of soiless media, peat, mixer of peat-perlite (volume,1: 1) and mixer of peat-perlite (volume,2:1) show good expression.
3. based on the investigation,it is critical to solve the high temperature of soiless media in summer.
引文
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