基于纳氏试剂分光光度法的水质氨氮检测与数据分析
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摘要
水质氨氮检测是水质检测中必不可少的一项,常见的水质氨氮检测方法有分光光度法、电化学分析法和流动法,其中纳氏试剂法是氨氮检测的国家标准方法。
本论文在简单介绍了分光光度法和朗伯比尔定律之后,从整体上介绍了基于纳氏试剂分光光度法而设计的一套氨氮浓度检测系统的组成和工作原理,然后详细阐述了信号采集系统以及氨氮浓度检测软件,数据采集系统由AVR单片机实现数据的采集和滤波,氨氮浓度检测软件是采用DELPHI 7.0编写的,并通过ACCESS数据库对信号采集与分析过程中的相关数据进行入库存储。详细叙述了信号采集系统中单片机通过控制电机转动驱动单色仪波长的选择,滤波器的设计。氨氮浓度软件按其功能划分为三个模块:系统设置,数据检测分析和数据存储,每个模块又包含几个子模块。其中,数据检测分析模块为软件的核心模块,包括最大吸收波长值寻找、不同浓度对连续波长光的吸光度的采样与分析、显色时间对溶液吸光度的影响、标准曲线的测定和氨氮浓度的测量。再通过实验对影响吸光度的相关因素进行分析,得出的结论符合纳氏试剂法的原理,验证了系统的正确性与可靠性。在文章最后,对全文所完成的工作进行了总结,并提出了未来发展方向。
Ammonia water quality testing is an essential one of water quality testing, common ammonia water quality testing methods include spectrophotometry, electrochemical analysis and flow method, Nessler ammonia test method is the national standard method of Ammonia testing.
This thesis describes a simple spectrophotometric method and the Lambert Beer law, the whole introduced Nessler spectrophotometric method based on the design of an ammonia concentration of the detection system components and the principle, and then elaborated data acquisition systems, and ammonia concentration detection software, data acquisition system by the AVR microcontroller data acquisition and filtering, ammonia concentration detection software is written using DELPHI 7.0, and through the ACCESS database, signal acquisition and analysis of relevant data in the storage memory. Described in detail in the single chip data acquisition system driven by controlling the motor rotation monochromator wavelength selection, filter design. Ammonia concentration function of the software is divided into three modules: system settings, data analysis and data storage testing, each module also contains several sub-modules. Among them, the data analysis module for the software detected the core modules, including the value of looking for the maximum absorption wavelength, different wavelengths of light concentration on the absorbance of continuous sampling and analysis, the color absorbance of the solution time, the standard curve and the determination of ammonia concentration measurements. Then through the experiment to affect absorbency correlative factors on the analysis, the conclusion conforms to the principle of Nessler test method, verify the accuracy and reliability of the system. In conclusion, the article on the work accomplished are summarized, and the future direction of development.
本论文在简单介绍了分光光度法和朗伯比尔定律之后,从整体上介绍了基于纳氏试剂分光光度法而设计的一套氨氮浓度检测系统的组成和工作原理,然后详细阐述了信号采集系统以及氨氮浓度检测软件,数据采集系统由AVR单片机实现数据的采集和滤波,氨氮浓度检测软件是采用DELPHI 7.0编写的,并通过ACCESS数据库对信号采集与分析过程中的相关数据进行入库存储。详细叙述了信号采集系统中单片机通过控制电机转动驱动单色仪波长的选择,滤波器的设计。氨氮浓度软件按其功能划分为三个模块:系统设置,数据检测分析和数据存储,每个模块又包含几个子模块。其中,数据检测分析模块为软件的核心模块,包括最大吸收波长值寻找、不同浓度对连续波长光的吸光度的采样与分析、显色时间对溶液吸光度的影响、标准曲线的测定和氨氮浓度的测量。再通过实验对影响吸光度的相关因素进行分析,得出的结论符合纳氏试剂法的原理,验证了系统的正确性与可靠性。在文章最后,对全文所完成的工作进行了总结,并提出了未来发展方向。
Ammonia water quality testing is an essential one of water quality testing, common ammonia water quality testing methods include spectrophotometry, electrochemical analysis and flow method, Nessler ammonia test method is the national standard method of Ammonia testing.
This thesis describes a simple spectrophotometric method and the Lambert Beer law, the whole introduced Nessler spectrophotometric method based on the design of an ammonia concentration of the detection system components and the principle, and then elaborated data acquisition systems, and ammonia concentration detection software, data acquisition system by the AVR microcontroller data acquisition and filtering, ammonia concentration detection software is written using DELPHI 7.0, and through the ACCESS database, signal acquisition and analysis of relevant data in the storage memory. Described in detail in the single chip data acquisition system driven by controlling the motor rotation monochromator wavelength selection, filter design. Ammonia concentration function of the software is divided into three modules: system settings, data analysis and data storage testing, each module also contains several sub-modules. Among them, the data analysis module for the software detected the core modules, including the value of looking for the maximum absorption wavelength, different wavelengths of light concentration on the absorbance of continuous sampling and analysis, the color absorbance of the solution time, the standard curve and the determination of ammonia concentration measurements. Then through the experiment to affect absorbency correlative factors on the analysis, the conclusion conforms to the principle of Nessler test method, verify the accuracy and reliability of the system. In conclusion, the article on the work accomplished are summarized, and the future direction of development.
引文
[1]龚志军,谢平,唐汇涓等.水体富营养化埘大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性的影响.生生物学报, 2001, 25(3): 10~16
[2] Smith V H, Tilman G D, Nekola J C. Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on fresh water, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Environmental Pollution, 1999, 100(1-3): 179~196
[3] Tarczynska M, Nalecz-Jawecki G, Romanowska-Duda Z, et al. Tests for the toxicity assessment of cyanobacterial bloom samples. Environ Toxicol, 2001, 16: 383~390
[4]林志贵,林英平.建立水质监测信息融合系统的探讨.水利水文自动化, 2005, 6(2): 1~3
[5]奚旦立,孙裕生.环境监测(修订版).北京:高等教育出版社, 1996. 718~721
[6]胡海鹏,陈凤凰.水中氨氮的测定.化学教学, 2007, 7: 12~13
[7]张蓉,邓天龙,廖梦霞.水环境中氨氮的分析方法进展.四川环境, 2008, 27(1): 76~80
[8]卢玉棋.水杨酸盐_次氯酸盐分光光度法测定水中氨氮.环境与健康杂志, 1995, 5: 296~298
[9]俞凌云,赵欢欢,张新申.水样中氨氮测定方法研究.西部皮革, 2010, 32(5): 27~33
[10]王维德,于宝祥,梁秀凤.吹脱_电导法测定水中氨氮及其自动分析仪.环境监测管理与技术, 2003, 15(1): 30~35
[11]李金鹏,张宗培,韩润平等.离子选择电极法测定城市污水中的氨氮.河南化工, 2003(8): 35~36
[12]陈燕,邵秘华,林小燕等.现场分析海水中氨氮的靛酚蓝法.大连海洋大学学报, 2007, 33(1): 142~145
[13]李时平,贾文泽.污水中微量氨氮的光度测定方法.石油大学学报, 2003, 27(5): 107~109
[14]李松涛,田轩,刘虹.靛酚蓝分光光度法测定空气中氨浓度方法的研究.黑龙江科技信息, 2008, 22: 15
[15]王海波,吴晓光,李沛.基于AT89S52单片机步进电机控制系统设计.机电产品开发与创新, 2009, 22(6): 161~162
[16]韩利虎.浅谈步进电机的基本原理.黑龙江石油化工, 2007, 11: 240
[17] A. B. Kulkami, M. Ehsani. A Novel Position Sensor Elimination Technique for the Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive. IEEE Trans. on Industry Application, 1992, 28(2): 144~150
[18] Paul P, Acarnley, John F. Review of Position Sensorless Operation of Brushless Permanent Magnet Machines. IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, 2006, 53(2): 252~262
[19] Jianwen Shao, Dennis Nolan. A Novel Direct Back EMF Detection for Sensorless Brushless DC(BLDC) Motor Drives. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. Seventeenth Annual IEEE, 2002, 10(3): 33~37
[20] J. P. Johnson, M. Ehsani, Y. Guzelgunler. Review of sensorless methods for brushless DC. in Conf. Rec. IEEE-IAS Annu. Meeting, 1999. 143~150
[21] K. J. Bins, D. W. Shimmin, K. M. AL. Aubidi. Implicit Rotor Position Sensing Using Motor Winding for a Self Commutating Permanent Magnet Drive System. IEE PROCEEDINGS-B, 1991, 138(1): 28~34
[22]刘宝廷,程树康.步进电动机及其驱动控制系统.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 1997. 37~70
[23]陈正宏,韩德源,崔文孝.步进电机快速启停的一种新方法.电脑学习, 1999(2): 20~51
[24]谭浩强.语言程序设计.北京:清华大学出版社, 1999. 30~32
[25] Willandson R K. Semiconductors and semimetals. Academic Press, 1981, 18(32) : 198
[26]徐小垚,陈海清,齐哲明.四象限红外探测器光电参数测试技术研究.光学仪器, 2009, 29(1): 7~11
[27]康华光,陈大钦.电子技术基础模拟部分. (第4版).北京:高等教育出版社, 1998.351
[28] Teng Jianfu, Wang Mingguo. Design of active linear phase Bandpass filter using Tow-Thomas circuit, ISTM/2005: 6th International Symposium on Test and Measurement. Conference Proceedings, 2005, Vols 1-9: P5011~5013
[29] Wang Mingguo, Teng Jianfu, Li Qiang. The design of real-time information collection system of vehicle state, 6th International Symposium on Test and Measurement (ISTM2005), Conference Proceedings, 2005, Vols 1-9: 6560~6563
[30] K. W. Moulding, J. R. Quartly, P. J. Rankin, et al. Gyrator video filter IC with automatic tuning. IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, 1980, SC-15(6): 963~968
[31] R H Zele. Low-voltage fully differential switched-current filters. IEEE J Solid-state, 1994, 29(3): 203~209
[32]于丽莉,霍亮生,周峰.氨氮测量中数据的分析与处理.电子测试, 2007, (8): 32~36
[33]郑阿奇. Delphi实用教程.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004. 134~158
[34]付华杰,张遂南,黄巾等.基于Delphi的串口通信程序设计方法.计算机技术与发展, 2007, 17(10): 178~180
[35]马淑华,赵一丁,王俊杰. Delphi环境下控制系统实时数据采集曲线的绘制与打印.软件世界, 2000, (9): 106~107
[36]黄伟婷.数据库中间件技术及其应用.漳州师范学院学报(自然科学版), 2006, (2): 25~30
[37]汤勃,徐立伟,饶润生. Delphi环境下利用MSComm控件开发串口通信程序.电脑开发与应用, 2002, (3): 40~41
[38]黄丕明,宋旭东,倪承普.计算机信息管理基础(关系数据库ACCESS).北京:中国铁道出版社, 1999. 78~81
[39]彭明明,程文刚. Delphi数据库实用编程100例.北京:中国铁道出版社, 2004. 78~92
[40]侯太平,童爱红. Delphi数据库编程.北京:清华大学出版社, 2004. 103~109
[41] ShanmugasundaramJ, TufteK, He G, et al. Relational Databases for Querying XMLDoeumenis: Limitations and Opportunities. in: Proeeedings of the 25th Iniemational Conference on VeryLarge DataBases(VLDB), Edinburgh, UK, 1999. Orlando, FL, USA: MorganKaufinannPublishers, 1999. 302~314
[42] Rakow T C, Klas W, Neuhold E J. Research on Multimedia Database Systems at GMD-IPSI. IEEE Multimedia Newsletter, 1996, 4(1): 59~68
[2] Smith V H, Tilman G D, Nekola J C. Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on fresh water, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Environmental Pollution, 1999, 100(1-3): 179~196
[3] Tarczynska M, Nalecz-Jawecki G, Romanowska-Duda Z, et al. Tests for the toxicity assessment of cyanobacterial bloom samples. Environ Toxicol, 2001, 16: 383~390
[4]林志贵,林英平.建立水质监测信息融合系统的探讨.水利水文自动化, 2005, 6(2): 1~3
[5]奚旦立,孙裕生.环境监测(修订版).北京:高等教育出版社, 1996. 718~721
[6]胡海鹏,陈凤凰.水中氨氮的测定.化学教学, 2007, 7: 12~13
[7]张蓉,邓天龙,廖梦霞.水环境中氨氮的分析方法进展.四川环境, 2008, 27(1): 76~80
[8]卢玉棋.水杨酸盐_次氯酸盐分光光度法测定水中氨氮.环境与健康杂志, 1995, 5: 296~298
[9]俞凌云,赵欢欢,张新申.水样中氨氮测定方法研究.西部皮革, 2010, 32(5): 27~33
[10]王维德,于宝祥,梁秀凤.吹脱_电导法测定水中氨氮及其自动分析仪.环境监测管理与技术, 2003, 15(1): 30~35
[11]李金鹏,张宗培,韩润平等.离子选择电极法测定城市污水中的氨氮.河南化工, 2003(8): 35~36
[12]陈燕,邵秘华,林小燕等.现场分析海水中氨氮的靛酚蓝法.大连海洋大学学报, 2007, 33(1): 142~145
[13]李时平,贾文泽.污水中微量氨氮的光度测定方法.石油大学学报, 2003, 27(5): 107~109
[14]李松涛,田轩,刘虹.靛酚蓝分光光度法测定空气中氨浓度方法的研究.黑龙江科技信息, 2008, 22: 15
[15]王海波,吴晓光,李沛.基于AT89S52单片机步进电机控制系统设计.机电产品开发与创新, 2009, 22(6): 161~162
[16]韩利虎.浅谈步进电机的基本原理.黑龙江石油化工, 2007, 11: 240
[17] A. B. Kulkami, M. Ehsani. A Novel Position Sensor Elimination Technique for the Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive. IEEE Trans. on Industry Application, 1992, 28(2): 144~150
[18] Paul P, Acarnley, John F. Review of Position Sensorless Operation of Brushless Permanent Magnet Machines. IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, 2006, 53(2): 252~262
[19] Jianwen Shao, Dennis Nolan. A Novel Direct Back EMF Detection for Sensorless Brushless DC(BLDC) Motor Drives. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. Seventeenth Annual IEEE, 2002, 10(3): 33~37
[20] J. P. Johnson, M. Ehsani, Y. Guzelgunler. Review of sensorless methods for brushless DC. in Conf. Rec. IEEE-IAS Annu. Meeting, 1999. 143~150
[21] K. J. Bins, D. W. Shimmin, K. M. AL. Aubidi. Implicit Rotor Position Sensing Using Motor Winding for a Self Commutating Permanent Magnet Drive System. IEE PROCEEDINGS-B, 1991, 138(1): 28~34
[22]刘宝廷,程树康.步进电动机及其驱动控制系统.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 1997. 37~70
[23]陈正宏,韩德源,崔文孝.步进电机快速启停的一种新方法.电脑学习, 1999(2): 20~51
[24]谭浩强.语言程序设计.北京:清华大学出版社, 1999. 30~32
[25] Willandson R K. Semiconductors and semimetals. Academic Press, 1981, 18(32) : 198
[26]徐小垚,陈海清,齐哲明.四象限红外探测器光电参数测试技术研究.光学仪器, 2009, 29(1): 7~11
[27]康华光,陈大钦.电子技术基础模拟部分. (第4版).北京:高等教育出版社, 1998.351
[28] Teng Jianfu, Wang Mingguo. Design of active linear phase Bandpass filter using Tow-Thomas circuit, ISTM/2005: 6th International Symposium on Test and Measurement. Conference Proceedings, 2005, Vols 1-9: P5011~5013
[29] Wang Mingguo, Teng Jianfu, Li Qiang. The design of real-time information collection system of vehicle state, 6th International Symposium on Test and Measurement (ISTM2005), Conference Proceedings, 2005, Vols 1-9: 6560~6563
[30] K. W. Moulding, J. R. Quartly, P. J. Rankin, et al. Gyrator video filter IC with automatic tuning. IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, 1980, SC-15(6): 963~968
[31] R H Zele. Low-voltage fully differential switched-current filters. IEEE J Solid-state, 1994, 29(3): 203~209
[32]于丽莉,霍亮生,周峰.氨氮测量中数据的分析与处理.电子测试, 2007, (8): 32~36
[33]郑阿奇. Delphi实用教程.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004. 134~158
[34]付华杰,张遂南,黄巾等.基于Delphi的串口通信程序设计方法.计算机技术与发展, 2007, 17(10): 178~180
[35]马淑华,赵一丁,王俊杰. Delphi环境下控制系统实时数据采集曲线的绘制与打印.软件世界, 2000, (9): 106~107
[36]黄伟婷.数据库中间件技术及其应用.漳州师范学院学报(自然科学版), 2006, (2): 25~30
[37]汤勃,徐立伟,饶润生. Delphi环境下利用MSComm控件开发串口通信程序.电脑开发与应用, 2002, (3): 40~41
[38]黄丕明,宋旭东,倪承普.计算机信息管理基础(关系数据库ACCESS).北京:中国铁道出版社, 1999. 78~81
[39]彭明明,程文刚. Delphi数据库实用编程100例.北京:中国铁道出版社, 2004. 78~92
[40]侯太平,童爱红. Delphi数据库编程.北京:清华大学出版社, 2004. 103~109
[41] ShanmugasundaramJ, TufteK, He G, et al. Relational Databases for Querying XMLDoeumenis: Limitations and Opportunities. in: Proeeedings of the 25th Iniemational Conference on VeryLarge DataBases(VLDB), Edinburgh, UK, 1999. Orlando, FL, USA: MorganKaufinannPublishers, 1999. 302~314
[42] Rakow T C, Klas W, Neuhold E J. Research on Multimedia Database Systems at GMD-IPSI. IEEE Multimedia Newsletter, 1996, 4(1): 59~68