8PSK+TCM编码调制解调技术
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摘要
近年来,通信技术随着人们的需求得到了飞速的发展,人们对通信系统的要求也越来越高,大的容量是系统首先应具备的,频率利用率和通信质量的保证也是不可忽视的。通信技术的不断发展也使得频带资源日益缺乏,如何在有限的频带上完成高质量的通信一直是人们追求的目标。因此,作为解决这一问题的方法之一,TCM编码调制解调技术被提了出来。
本文研究了网格编码调制与解调技术,这种技术是建立在Ungerboeck提出的子集划分的方法的基础上的,不需要改变原来的传输速率和带宽,获得的编码增益十分可观,约为3-6dB。TCM+8PSK的解调方法通常是Viterbi译码。数据在经过高斯噪声信道后经过维特比译码可以大大减小判别时候的误码率,数年来,这门技术发展得很快,逐渐取代很多其他的方法,而在各个领域得到扩展和延伸,例如多用户检测领域和卫星通信领域等。
本文给出了一种基于FPGA的网格编码调制解调技术的实现方式,这种技术解决了通信系统中高速传输数据所面临的频带资源受限的问题。将编码和调制有机结合在一起,以4状态编码方式为基础,解决了将编码和8PSK单独使用所带来的弊端,以保证数据在复杂信道中的传输质量。在解调信号时,研究了基于欧氏距离的维特比译码,是在卷积编码的维特比译码方法的基础上做了些改进。值得注意的是传统的维特比译码比较的是汉明距离,且网格图表示的状态是码组。但是本课题所使用的维特比译码比较的是欧氏距离,且网格图表示的是波形。本文在充分研究了TCM原理的基础上,通过matlab和FPGA来分别实现了AWGN信道下TCM信号的产生和解调。
For the past few years, with the requirement of the population, the technology of the communication has advanced with exceptional speed. First, the communication system should have the high capacity. Secondly, the operating factor of the frequency and the quality of the communication should not be ignored. With the development of the communication, we are short of the bandwidth resources. How to accomplish the communication of high quality is the goal we are always pursuing. So as one of the methods to solve the questions, TCM technology is proposed.
In this dissertation, the Trellis Coded Modulation and Demodulation technology is described. This technology is based on the method of partition in subclass brought by Ungerboeck. It can achieve a power gain of 3-6dB in the case that the transmission bandwidth and speed are not be changed. The method of demodulation of TCM+8PSK is Viterbi decoding. When the signal get through from the white Gaussian noise channel, it will be decoded with less errors by the method of Viterbi decoding. In the latest years, this technology has been developed quickly and it can be applicable in a lot of kinds of domains instead of other technologies. For example, it can be applicable in satellite communication, speech recognition systems and multiuser detection.
This paper describes the implement method of TCM based on FPGA. It can solve the question of the limited frequency bandwidth when data is transported at a high speed. The encoding is combined to 8PSK technology to avoid the weakness of one separate technology. The aim is to make sure the communication quality in the complex channel. Besides, the paper proposes the Viterbi decoding based on Euclidean distance, which is an improved method. It is worth noting that the traditional one is focused on comparing the hamming distance while the method in this paper compares the Euclid distance, and the state in the grid pattern indicates the waveform. This paper describes the principal of the Trellis Coded Modulation at first. Then matlab and FPGA is used to complete the generation and the demodulation of the TCM signal.
本文研究了网格编码调制与解调技术,这种技术是建立在Ungerboeck提出的子集划分的方法的基础上的,不需要改变原来的传输速率和带宽,获得的编码增益十分可观,约为3-6dB。TCM+8PSK的解调方法通常是Viterbi译码。数据在经过高斯噪声信道后经过维特比译码可以大大减小判别时候的误码率,数年来,这门技术发展得很快,逐渐取代很多其他的方法,而在各个领域得到扩展和延伸,例如多用户检测领域和卫星通信领域等。
本文给出了一种基于FPGA的网格编码调制解调技术的实现方式,这种技术解决了通信系统中高速传输数据所面临的频带资源受限的问题。将编码和调制有机结合在一起,以4状态编码方式为基础,解决了将编码和8PSK单独使用所带来的弊端,以保证数据在复杂信道中的传输质量。在解调信号时,研究了基于欧氏距离的维特比译码,是在卷积编码的维特比译码方法的基础上做了些改进。值得注意的是传统的维特比译码比较的是汉明距离,且网格图表示的状态是码组。但是本课题所使用的维特比译码比较的是欧氏距离,且网格图表示的是波形。本文在充分研究了TCM原理的基础上,通过matlab和FPGA来分别实现了AWGN信道下TCM信号的产生和解调。
For the past few years, with the requirement of the population, the technology of the communication has advanced with exceptional speed. First, the communication system should have the high capacity. Secondly, the operating factor of the frequency and the quality of the communication should not be ignored. With the development of the communication, we are short of the bandwidth resources. How to accomplish the communication of high quality is the goal we are always pursuing. So as one of the methods to solve the questions, TCM technology is proposed.
In this dissertation, the Trellis Coded Modulation and Demodulation technology is described. This technology is based on the method of partition in subclass brought by Ungerboeck. It can achieve a power gain of 3-6dB in the case that the transmission bandwidth and speed are not be changed. The method of demodulation of TCM+8PSK is Viterbi decoding. When the signal get through from the white Gaussian noise channel, it will be decoded with less errors by the method of Viterbi decoding. In the latest years, this technology has been developed quickly and it can be applicable in a lot of kinds of domains instead of other technologies. For example, it can be applicable in satellite communication, speech recognition systems and multiuser detection.
This paper describes the implement method of TCM based on FPGA. It can solve the question of the limited frequency bandwidth when data is transported at a high speed. The encoding is combined to 8PSK technology to avoid the weakness of one separate technology. The aim is to make sure the communication quality in the complex channel. Besides, the paper proposes the Viterbi decoding based on Euclidean distance, which is an improved method. It is worth noting that the traditional one is focused on comparing the hamming distance while the method in this paper compares the Euclid distance, and the state in the grid pattern indicates the waveform. This paper describes the principal of the Trellis Coded Modulation at first. Then matlab and FPGA is used to complete the generation and the demodulation of the TCM signal.
引文
[1]杜兴明,蒋旭宇.网格编码调制在数字通信中的应用[J].空军工程大学学报,2003,4(1)：43-45
[2]李仲令,李少谦,唐友喜,武刚.调制和编码的结合.现代无线与移动通信技术[M],北京：科学出版社,2007,354-361
[3]曹学军.无线电通信设备原理与系统应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007,106-112
[4]樊昌信,曹丽娜.通信原理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2006
[5]戴善荣.信息论与编码基础[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007,98-105
[6]Ruey-Yi Wei, Tzu-Ching Sue, Hsi-Hua Wang, Chin-Sung Wang. Noncoherent Block-Coded QAM [C]. IEEE International Conference on Communications,2007. ICC '07.,2007,1:863-869
[7]Benedetto, S.&D.Divsalar. Parallel concatenated trellis coded modulation[C]. IEEE International Conference on Communications,1996. ICC 96, Conference Record, Converging Technologies for Tomorrow's Applications,1996,2:974-978
[8]Tellambura, C.& V.K Bhargava. Error performance of MPSK trellis-coded modulation over nonindependent Rician fading channels[J]. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on,1988,47:152-162
[9]吴伟陵,牛凯.移动通信原理[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005
[10]赵鸿图,茅艳.通信原理MATLAB仿真教程[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2010
[11]宋岩,卢选明,何俊婷.无线信道中网格编码调制技术研究[J].现代电子技术,2010,23：67-70
[12]王彧.浅析编码调制技术在微波通信中的应用[J].信息技术,2010,25：43-45
[13]胡炳清.TCM网格编码调制技术编码增益分析[J].信号与信息处理,2008,38(6)：14-33
[14]李滨涛,李春泉,戈志华.基于FPGA的网格编码的设计与实现[J].科技广场,2007,1：92-94
[15]雷红,陈建春.基于FPGA的8PSK调制系统设计与实现[J].电子元器件应用,2008,10(5)：36-39
[16]牛光辉,党志军,苏鹏,石庆省.一种空时Turbo网格码优化方案[J].通信技术,2007,40(10)：1-3
[17]苏星光.星载高速数传TCM-8PSK调制编码技术研究[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2008,1-67
[18]李海涛,邓樱MATLAB程序设计教程[M].第一版.北京：高等教育出版社,2010
[19]李云松,宋锐,雷杰,杜建超Xilinx FPGA设计基础[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2008.
[20]何宾Xilinx可编程逻辑器件设计技术详解[M].第一版.北京：清华大学出版社,2010
[21]郝维来.可编程控制器原理与应用[M].第一版.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2008
[22]希瑞克斯通信设备有限公司.无线通信的MATLAB和FPGA实现[M].第一版.北京：人民邮电出版社,2009
[23]黄芝平,李鹏,钟晓鹏.基于网格编码调制(TCM)的维特比译码实现[J].信息通信卷,2001,12：84-87
[24]金星星.网格编码调制技术的FPGA实现[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学,2007
[25]黄远达,熊蔚明,孙辉先4D-8PSK-TCM的matlab simulink仿真[J].微计算机信息,2009,25(4-1)：234-249
[26]刘敏,陈树新,张子超,汪海宁.维特比译码的仿真与实现[J].中国科学电子研究院学报,2006,3(3)：268-272
[27]姜安.维特比译码的FPGA实现[D].南京：南京理工大学,2005
[28]刘强.网格编码调制(TCM)及其实现技术研究[D].西安：电子科技大学,2000
[29]罗建辉,黄普明,孙献璞,李立.基于TCM-8PSK高速卫星数据传输系统仿真设计[J].空间电子技术,2007,1：67-73
[30]曹志刚,廖永坤.网格编码8PSK系统的误码性能[J].通信学报,1991,4：21-27
[31]樊平毅,曹志刚.从Shannon信道编码理论看网格编码调制技术[J].无线电工程,1995,6(25)：7-13
[32]刘强.网格编码调制(TCM)及其实现技术研究[D].成都：电子科技大学,2000
[33]许婧.连续相位调制的格状编码调制技术[D].浙江：浙江大学,2007
[34]赵欢欢.无线通信中的网格编码调制和HARQ技术研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2007
[35]李兴明,胡健栋.一种提高信道利用率的高效编码调制方案——网格编码调制(TCM)[J]电信科学,1994,10(12)：16-19
[36]郭淑霞,刘志斌,仵敏娟8APSK TCM编码调制方法在水声传输中的应用[J].系统仿真学报,2007,1(23)：5431-5433
[37]雷继岗.网格编码调制技术的原理及应用[J].科技资讯,2008,1：95-96
[38]郭淑霞,仵敏娟,黄建国.基于水声信道的MAPSK-TCM编码调制技术研究[J].西北工业大学学报,2007,25(4)：543-546
[39]冉巧丽.无线通信中的编码调制技术研究[D].南京：南京邮电大学,2007
[40]雷莹,张辉,张亮.一种适用于卫星信道传输的编码调制技术[J].无线通信技术,2002,1：48-51
[41]王新梅,肖国镇.纠错码原理与方法[M].第一版.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,1991
[42]樊昌信,詹道庸,徐炳祥,吴成柯.通信原理[M].第四版.北京：国防工业出版社,1995
[43]邓华等.Matlab通信仿真及应用实例详解[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2003
[44]Dinh A., Xiao Hu. A hardware-efficient technique to implement a trellis code modulation decoder[J]. Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, IEEE Transactions on, Vol3.No.6,2005:745-750.
[45]Sykora J. Constant envelope space-time modulation trellis code design for Rayleigh flat fading channel[J]. Global Telecommunications Conference,2001. GLOBECOM'01. IEEE.Vol.2,2002:1113-1117.
[46]Bialer O., Raphaeli D. Analysis of Optimum Detector of Trellis Coded MPSK in Phase Noise Channels[J]. Communications, IEEE Transactions on.Vol.59,2001:130-140.
[47]Sklar B. Digital commumications fundamentals and applications[M]. Second Edition.北京：电子工业出版社,2002.
[48]Basar E., Aygolu U., Panayirci E., Poor H.V. New Trellis Code Design for Spatial Modulation[J]. Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on,2011,10:2670-2680.
[49]李艺,安建平.网格编码调制在卫星高速数据传输中的应用[J].现代电子技术,2006,9：45-47
[50]Lee-Fang Wei. Trellis-Code Modulation With Multidimentional Contellations[J]. IEEE Trans on Information Theory, IT-33(4),1987:483-501
[51]He J., Liu H., Wang Z., Huang X., Zhang K. High-Speed Low-Power Viterbi Decoder Design for TCM Decoders[J]. Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, IEEE Transactions on,2011:1-5
[2]李仲令,李少谦,唐友喜,武刚.调制和编码的结合.现代无线与移动通信技术[M],北京：科学出版社,2007,354-361
[3]曹学军.无线电通信设备原理与系统应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007,106-112
[4]樊昌信,曹丽娜.通信原理[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2006
[5]戴善荣.信息论与编码基础[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007,98-105
[6]Ruey-Yi Wei, Tzu-Ching Sue, Hsi-Hua Wang, Chin-Sung Wang. Noncoherent Block-Coded QAM [C]. IEEE International Conference on Communications,2007. ICC '07.,2007,1:863-869
[7]Benedetto, S.&D.Divsalar. Parallel concatenated trellis coded modulation[C]. IEEE International Conference on Communications,1996. ICC 96, Conference Record, Converging Technologies for Tomorrow's Applications,1996,2:974-978
[8]Tellambura, C.& V.K Bhargava. Error performance of MPSK trellis-coded modulation over nonindependent Rician fading channels[J]. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on,1988,47:152-162
[9]吴伟陵,牛凯.移动通信原理[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005
[10]赵鸿图,茅艳.通信原理MATLAB仿真教程[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2010
[11]宋岩,卢选明,何俊婷.无线信道中网格编码调制技术研究[J].现代电子技术,2010,23：67-70
[12]王彧.浅析编码调制技术在微波通信中的应用[J].信息技术,2010,25：43-45
[13]胡炳清.TCM网格编码调制技术编码增益分析[J].信号与信息处理,2008,38(6)：14-33
[14]李滨涛,李春泉,戈志华.基于FPGA的网格编码的设计与实现[J].科技广场,2007,1：92-94
[15]雷红,陈建春.基于FPGA的8PSK调制系统设计与实现[J].电子元器件应用,2008,10(5)：36-39
[16]牛光辉,党志军,苏鹏,石庆省.一种空时Turbo网格码优化方案[J].通信技术,2007,40(10)：1-3
[17]苏星光.星载高速数传TCM-8PSK调制编码技术研究[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2008,1-67
[18]李海涛,邓樱MATLAB程序设计教程[M].第一版.北京：高等教育出版社,2010
[19]李云松,宋锐,雷杰,杜建超Xilinx FPGA设计基础[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2008.
[20]何宾Xilinx可编程逻辑器件设计技术详解[M].第一版.北京：清华大学出版社,2010
[21]郝维来.可编程控制器原理与应用[M].第一版.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2008
[22]希瑞克斯通信设备有限公司.无线通信的MATLAB和FPGA实现[M].第一版.北京：人民邮电出版社,2009
[23]黄芝平,李鹏,钟晓鹏.基于网格编码调制(TCM)的维特比译码实现[J].信息通信卷,2001,12：84-87
[24]金星星.网格编码调制技术的FPGA实现[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学,2007
[25]黄远达,熊蔚明,孙辉先4D-8PSK-TCM的matlab simulink仿真[J].微计算机信息,2009,25(4-1)：234-249
[26]刘敏,陈树新,张子超,汪海宁.维特比译码的仿真与实现[J].中国科学电子研究院学报,2006,3(3)：268-272
[27]姜安.维特比译码的FPGA实现[D].南京：南京理工大学,2005
[28]刘强.网格编码调制(TCM)及其实现技术研究[D].西安：电子科技大学,2000
[29]罗建辉,黄普明,孙献璞,李立.基于TCM-8PSK高速卫星数据传输系统仿真设计[J].空间电子技术,2007,1：67-73
[30]曹志刚,廖永坤.网格编码8PSK系统的误码性能[J].通信学报,1991,4：21-27
[31]樊平毅,曹志刚.从Shannon信道编码理论看网格编码调制技术[J].无线电工程,1995,6(25)：7-13
[32]刘强.网格编码调制(TCM)及其实现技术研究[D].成都：电子科技大学,2000
[33]许婧.连续相位调制的格状编码调制技术[D].浙江：浙江大学,2007
[34]赵欢欢.无线通信中的网格编码调制和HARQ技术研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2007
[35]李兴明,胡健栋.一种提高信道利用率的高效编码调制方案——网格编码调制(TCM)[J]电信科学,1994,10(12)：16-19
[36]郭淑霞,刘志斌,仵敏娟8APSK TCM编码调制方法在水声传输中的应用[J].系统仿真学报,2007,1(23)：5431-5433
[37]雷继岗.网格编码调制技术的原理及应用[J].科技资讯,2008,1：95-96
[38]郭淑霞,仵敏娟,黄建国.基于水声信道的MAPSK-TCM编码调制技术研究[J].西北工业大学学报,2007,25(4)：543-546
[39]冉巧丽.无线通信中的编码调制技术研究[D].南京：南京邮电大学,2007
[40]雷莹,张辉,张亮.一种适用于卫星信道传输的编码调制技术[J].无线通信技术,2002,1：48-51
[41]王新梅,肖国镇.纠错码原理与方法[M].第一版.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,1991
[42]樊昌信,詹道庸,徐炳祥,吴成柯.通信原理[M].第四版.北京：国防工业出版社,1995
[43]邓华等.Matlab通信仿真及应用实例详解[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2003
[44]Dinh A., Xiao Hu. A hardware-efficient technique to implement a trellis code modulation decoder[J]. Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, IEEE Transactions on, Vol3.No.6,2005:745-750.
[45]Sykora J. Constant envelope space-time modulation trellis code design for Rayleigh flat fading channel[J]. Global Telecommunications Conference,2001. GLOBECOM'01. IEEE.Vol.2,2002:1113-1117.
[46]Bialer O., Raphaeli D. Analysis of Optimum Detector of Trellis Coded MPSK in Phase Noise Channels[J]. Communications, IEEE Transactions on.Vol.59,2001:130-140.
[47]Sklar B. Digital commumications fundamentals and applications[M]. Second Edition.北京：电子工业出版社,2002.
[48]Basar E., Aygolu U., Panayirci E., Poor H.V. New Trellis Code Design for Spatial Modulation[J]. Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on,2011,10:2670-2680.
[49]李艺,安建平.网格编码调制在卫星高速数据传输中的应用[J].现代电子技术,2006,9：45-47
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