郑州锅炉厂CIMS工程总体设计及关键因素研究
摘要
计算机集成制造(Computer Integrated Manufacturing，简写为：CIM)的概念是美国人Joseph Harrington博士于1973年在其所著的《Computer Integrated Manufacturing)一书中首先提出的。作为信息时代组织、管理企业生产的一种哲理，CIM受到了各国的重视，得到了迅速的发展。
CIMS(计算机集成制造系统，Computer Integrated Manufacturing System的缩写)技术是建立在CIM哲理之上，利用计算机通过信息集成，把企业的生产经营活动管理起来，以提高企业对激烈多变的竞争环境的适应能力，求得企业的总体效益，使企业能够持续稳定的发展。
本文以郑州锅炉厂实施CIMS工程(ZB-CIMS)为背景，对ZB-CIMS工程实施的总体方案进行了深入探讨，并对分系统之间的集成进行了理论与实践方面的探索和研究。这对于当前企业的CIMS工程应用和推广具有重要的意义，同时也符合中央提出的“以信息化带动工业化，发挥后发优势，实现社会生产力的跨越式发展”的战略决策。
主要研究内容包括：
1．详细阐述了CIMS的体系结构，并对离散业和流程业CIMS的实施中的难点进行了比较分析。
2．在调研郑州锅炉厂实际生产情况的基础上，进行郑州锅炉厂CIMS需求分析，设计了ZB-CIMS工程的总体方案。
3．研究并建立了CIMS环境下郑州锅炉厂主要业务流程模型。
4．对ZB-CIMS工程的关键因素进行了分析，并详细探讨了UML、Agent等系统集成的技术与实现方法。
CIM is the abbreviation for Computer Integrated Manufacturing. The concept was first put forward by American Dr. Joseph Harrington in his book Computer Integrated Manufacturing in 1973. As a kind of philosophy of organizing and managing enterprise production, CIM is attached great importance and gets rapid development.
CIMS, abbr Computer Integrated Manufacturing System, which based on CIM philosophy, manages enterprise's production, sales and so on, through information integration by computer in order to increase enterprise's adaptability to drastic competition environment, to achieve general interest and to make enterprise's sustainable, stable development.
On the background of Zhengzhou Boiler Works implementing CIMS engineering, this paper has discussed general scheme of ZB-CIMS engineering deeply, and explored integration between sub-systems in theory and practice. It has great significance to present CIMS engineering's application and generalization. At the same time, it conforms the strategic decision-making made by Central Committee of CPC that" Use informatization to promote industrialization, give play to the newcoming advantage, realize the great-leap-forward development of social productivity ".
The main contents of this paper are outlined as follows:
1. The system architecture of CIMS is explained in detail, and difficulties in CIMS implementation of discrete and process industry are also analyzed comparatively.
2. Based on the survey and study of actual production of Zhengzhou Boiler Works, the paper has discussed demand analyses for CIMS and designed general scheme of ZB-CIMS engineering.
3. Several main business flow models under CIMS environment are studied and established.
4. Crucial factors of ZB-CIMS engineering are analyzed and technologies and methods for system integration such as UML and agent are also discussed in detail.
CIMS(计算机集成制造系统，Computer Integrated Manufacturing System的缩写)技术是建立在CIM哲理之上，利用计算机通过信息集成，把企业的生产经营活动管理起来，以提高企业对激烈多变的竞争环境的适应能力，求得企业的总体效益，使企业能够持续稳定的发展。
本文以郑州锅炉厂实施CIMS工程(ZB-CIMS)为背景，对ZB-CIMS工程实施的总体方案进行了深入探讨，并对分系统之间的集成进行了理论与实践方面的探索和研究。这对于当前企业的CIMS工程应用和推广具有重要的意义，同时也符合中央提出的“以信息化带动工业化，发挥后发优势，实现社会生产力的跨越式发展”的战略决策。
主要研究内容包括：
1．详细阐述了CIMS的体系结构，并对离散业和流程业CIMS的实施中的难点进行了比较分析。
2．在调研郑州锅炉厂实际生产情况的基础上，进行郑州锅炉厂CIMS需求分析，设计了ZB-CIMS工程的总体方案。
3．研究并建立了CIMS环境下郑州锅炉厂主要业务流程模型。
4．对ZB-CIMS工程的关键因素进行了分析，并详细探讨了UML、Agent等系统集成的技术与实现方法。
CIM is the abbreviation for Computer Integrated Manufacturing. The concept was first put forward by American Dr. Joseph Harrington in his book Computer Integrated Manufacturing in 1973. As a kind of philosophy of organizing and managing enterprise production, CIM is attached great importance and gets rapid development.
CIMS, abbr Computer Integrated Manufacturing System, which based on CIM philosophy, manages enterprise's production, sales and so on, through information integration by computer in order to increase enterprise's adaptability to drastic competition environment, to achieve general interest and to make enterprise's sustainable, stable development.
On the background of Zhengzhou Boiler Works implementing CIMS engineering, this paper has discussed general scheme of ZB-CIMS engineering deeply, and explored integration between sub-systems in theory and practice. It has great significance to present CIMS engineering's application and generalization. At the same time, it conforms the strategic decision-making made by Central Committee of CPC that" Use informatization to promote industrialization, give play to the newcoming advantage, realize the great-leap-forward development of social productivity ".
The main contents of this paper are outlined as follows:
1. The system architecture of CIMS is explained in detail, and difficulties in CIMS implementation of discrete and process industry are also analyzed comparatively.
2. Based on the survey and study of actual production of Zhengzhou Boiler Works, the paper has discussed demand analyses for CIMS and designed general scheme of ZB-CIMS engineering.
3. Several main business flow models under CIMS environment are studied and established.
4. Crucial factors of ZB-CIMS engineering are analyzed and technologies and methods for system integration such as UML and agent are also discussed in detail.
引文
[1] 《第七届中国计算机集成制造系统(CIMS)学术会议(CIMS-China 98)论文集》．国家高技术自动化领域CIMS主题专家组．1998
[2] Ra M, Wang Q. Computer Integrated Process System in Continuous Manufacturing Industries. Computer Integrated Manufacturing System, 1993, 6(4)
[3] Bernard John W. CIM in the Industries. Instrument Society of America, 1989.7
[4] 薛劲松，宋宏等．CIMS的总体设计．机械工业出版社．1997．9
[5] 陈国权．我国企业在实施CIMS中关于组织机构的实证研究．计算机集成制造系统-CIMS．1999，5(2)：52-57．
[6] 任守榘．现代制造系统分析与设计．北京：科学出版社，1999．
[7] 流程工业CIMS的研究进展．东北大学自动化研究中心．2002
[8] CIMS的现状与发展趋势如何．东北大学自动化研究中心．2002
[9] 王宏生．黄石锻压机床厂CIMS工程框架．武汉理工大学硕士学位论文．2002．5．
[10] ESPRIT CIM-OSA reference architecture specification. ESPRIT Project 688, 1989.
[11] ESPRIT CIM-OSA IIS requirement. ESPRIT Project 5288. 1991.
[12] 刘永宽．美国普渡大学CIM递阶控制系统参考模型简介．信息与控制．1994，23(6)：345-350
[13] Williams T.J. Analysis and design of hierarchical control systems. A Book. 1985:357-521
[14] Williams T.J. One view of the future of industrial control. Lecture Manuscript. 1992:191-404
[15] A.W.Scheer. Architecture of Integrated Information System-Foundation of Enterprise Modeling. Springer-Verlag Berlin. Heidelberg.1992
[16] 牟川，严隽薇，贺飞鸣，乔非．基于ARIS的构件化企业建模系统的设计与开发．组合机床与自动化加工技术，2000(4)：9-12
[17] 陈禹六，赵虹．CIM体系结构中的经济视图．计算机集成制造系统—CIMS．1999(1)：39-46
[18] 陈禹六．阶梯型CIM系统体系结构．计算机集成制造系统—CIMS．1999(3)：30-38
[19] 崔亚军．流程工业CIMS．自动化博览．1998(3)：3-7
[20] 舒炎泰，赵文欣，朱立禹．流程CIM与离散CIM之比较．计算机研究与发展．1996，Vol．33，No．9：661-665
[21] 赵欣宇，柴天佑，赵新力．CIMS与CIPS体系结构对比分析的研究．信息与控制．1998，Vol．27，No．4：304-309
[22] 安文森，陈铁军，徐峰．ERP快速实施过程研究．2003年“数字化设计与制造”学术会议论文集．2003．
[23] Holland C. P. Light B. A critical success factors model for implementation. IEEE Software. 1999, 5(6):30-35.
[24] Dave M. Full speed ahead. CMA management. Hamilton, 2000(11):34-36.
[25] Bingi P., M.Shara, Godla K. Critical issues affecting an ERP implementation. Information systems management. 1999:7-14.
[26] Leslie W.,S.Richard. The role of the CIO and IT function in ERP. Communications of the ACM. 2000(43):32-38.
[27] Kip R.K., G.J.Win. Reaping the promise of enterprise resource systems. Strategic finance. Montvale. 2000(10):48-52.
[28] 陈禹六，李清，张锋．经营过程重构(BPR)与系统集成．北京：清华大学出版社．2001．
[29] 周中元．信息系统建模方法[EB／OL]．http://www.51cmm.com/00/No009.htm?ID=243
[30] 王文玲，金茂忠．UML模型及其应用．计算机工程及应用．1999(11)．
[31] Wendy Boggs，Michael Boggs．UML与Rational Rose从入门到精通．北京：电子工业出版社．2002．
[32] 汪芸，兑继英，顾冠群．开放分布式处理的新发展——CORBA规范．计算机科学．1997，24(3)．
[33] 白雪峰，朱萍，杨肖鸳．基于CORBA的虚拟企业信息系统集成框架与实现．昆明理工大学学报．2002，Vol．27，No．6．
[34] OMG编著．CORBA系统结构、原理与规范．北京：电子工业出版社，2000．
[35] 颜雄雄等．基于CORBA的企业应用集成技术研究．计算机工程与设计．2000，2．
[36] 李小燕等．基于CORBA封装已有系统实现信息系统集成．计算机工程与设计．2000，2．
[37] 汪芸编著．CORBA技术及其应用．南京：东南大学出版社．1999．
[38] 路军等．面向对象的管理信息Agent系统．计算机工程与应用．2000(3)：30-21
[39] 赵龙文，侯义斌．智能软件：由面向对象到面向Agent．计算机工程与应用．2001(5)：38-40．
[40] 李斌，师汉民，胡春华．基于Agent分布式网络化制造模式的研究．中国机械工程．1999，10(12)：1358-1362．
[41] Jenning,N., R.Wooldridge,M. Agent technology, foundations, applications and markets.Springer,1998.
[42] Shoham Y. Agent-oriented programming. Artificial intelligence. 1993,60:51-92.
[43] Nicholas R.Jennings. On agent-based software engineering. Artificial intelligence. 2000(117): 277-296.
[44] 陶丹，范玉顺，许青松．基于多代理系统的动态联盟企业信息管理系统．计算机工程与应用．2001，37(4)：90-93．
[45] 杨帆，萧德云．基于Agent的流程工业制造执行系统结构研究．计算机集成制造系统-CIMS．2003，9(2)．
[46] 顾绍元，祝琛琛，施鸿宝．一种基于Agent的需求分析与建模方法．计算机工程与应用．2001，5．
[47] 陆汝铃，石纯一等．面向Agent的常识知识库．中国科学(E辑)，2000，10，30(5)．．
[48] 刘志等．一种基于软件Agent的虚拟企业工作流管理系统．计算机工程与应用．2000，2：31-36
[49] 王柏，王红熳，邹华．分布计算环境．北京：北京邮电大学出版社．2000．
[50] Dimitris N. Chorafas. Agent technology handbook. McGraw-Hill Book Co.1999.
[51] 朱华，刘祖照，许俊华．基于MAS结构的通信语言KQML的研究[EB／OL]．http://863cims.net.paper/paper2.htm.2002.6.10.
[52] Finin Tim, Fritzson Rich, Mckay Don. KQML as an agent communication language.Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on information and knowledge management.Nov,1994.
[2] Ra M, Wang Q. Computer Integrated Process System in Continuous Manufacturing Industries. Computer Integrated Manufacturing System, 1993, 6(4)
[3] Bernard John W. CIM in the Industries. Instrument Society of America, 1989.7
[4] 薛劲松，宋宏等．CIMS的总体设计．机械工业出版社．1997．9
[5] 陈国权．我国企业在实施CIMS中关于组织机构的实证研究．计算机集成制造系统-CIMS．1999，5(2)：52-57．
[6] 任守榘．现代制造系统分析与设计．北京：科学出版社，1999．
[7] 流程工业CIMS的研究进展．东北大学自动化研究中心．2002
[8] CIMS的现状与发展趋势如何．东北大学自动化研究中心．2002
[9] 王宏生．黄石锻压机床厂CIMS工程框架．武汉理工大学硕士学位论文．2002．5．
[10] ESPRIT CIM-OSA reference architecture specification. ESPRIT Project 688, 1989.
[11] ESPRIT CIM-OSA IIS requirement. ESPRIT Project 5288. 1991.
[12] 刘永宽．美国普渡大学CIM递阶控制系统参考模型简介．信息与控制．1994，23(6)：345-350
[13] Williams T.J. Analysis and design of hierarchical control systems. A Book. 1985:357-521
[14] Williams T.J. One view of the future of industrial control. Lecture Manuscript. 1992:191-404
[15] A.W.Scheer. Architecture of Integrated Information System-Foundation of Enterprise Modeling. Springer-Verlag Berlin. Heidelberg.1992
[16] 牟川，严隽薇，贺飞鸣，乔非．基于ARIS的构件化企业建模系统的设计与开发．组合机床与自动化加工技术，2000(4)：9-12
[17] 陈禹六，赵虹．CIM体系结构中的经济视图．计算机集成制造系统—CIMS．1999(1)：39-46
[18] 陈禹六．阶梯型CIM系统体系结构．计算机集成制造系统—CIMS．1999(3)：30-38
[19] 崔亚军．流程工业CIMS．自动化博览．1998(3)：3-7
[20] 舒炎泰，赵文欣，朱立禹．流程CIM与离散CIM之比较．计算机研究与发展．1996，Vol．33，No．9：661-665
[21] 赵欣宇，柴天佑，赵新力．CIMS与CIPS体系结构对比分析的研究．信息与控制．1998，Vol．27，No．4：304-309
[22] 安文森，陈铁军，徐峰．ERP快速实施过程研究．2003年“数字化设计与制造”学术会议论文集．2003．
[23] Holland C. P. Light B. A critical success factors model for implementation. IEEE Software. 1999, 5(6):30-35.
[24] Dave M. Full speed ahead. CMA management. Hamilton, 2000(11):34-36.
[25] Bingi P., M.Shara, Godla K. Critical issues affecting an ERP implementation. Information systems management. 1999:7-14.
[26] Leslie W.,S.Richard. The role of the CIO and IT function in ERP. Communications of the ACM. 2000(43):32-38.
[27] Kip R.K., G.J.Win. Reaping the promise of enterprise resource systems. Strategic finance. Montvale. 2000(10):48-52.
[28] 陈禹六，李清，张锋．经营过程重构(BPR)与系统集成．北京：清华大学出版社．2001．
[29] 周中元．信息系统建模方法[EB／OL]．http://www.51cmm.com/00/No009.htm?ID=243
[30] 王文玲，金茂忠．UML模型及其应用．计算机工程及应用．1999(11)．
[31] Wendy Boggs，Michael Boggs．UML与Rational Rose从入门到精通．北京：电子工业出版社．2002．
[32] 汪芸，兑继英，顾冠群．开放分布式处理的新发展——CORBA规范．计算机科学．1997，24(3)．
[33] 白雪峰，朱萍，杨肖鸳．基于CORBA的虚拟企业信息系统集成框架与实现．昆明理工大学学报．2002，Vol．27，No．6．
[34] OMG编著．CORBA系统结构、原理与规范．北京：电子工业出版社，2000．
[35] 颜雄雄等．基于CORBA的企业应用集成技术研究．计算机工程与设计．2000，2．
[36] 李小燕等．基于CORBA封装已有系统实现信息系统集成．计算机工程与设计．2000，2．
[37] 汪芸编著．CORBA技术及其应用．南京：东南大学出版社．1999．
[38] 路军等．面向对象的管理信息Agent系统．计算机工程与应用．2000(3)：30-21
[39] 赵龙文，侯义斌．智能软件：由面向对象到面向Agent．计算机工程与应用．2001(5)：38-40．
[40] 李斌，师汉民，胡春华．基于Agent分布式网络化制造模式的研究．中国机械工程．1999，10(12)：1358-1362．
[41] Jenning,N., R.Wooldridge,M. Agent technology, foundations, applications and markets.Springer,1998.
[42] Shoham Y. Agent-oriented programming. Artificial intelligence. 1993,60:51-92.
[43] Nicholas R.Jennings. On agent-based software engineering. Artificial intelligence. 2000(117): 277-296.
[44] 陶丹，范玉顺，许青松．基于多代理系统的动态联盟企业信息管理系统．计算机工程与应用．2001，37(4)：90-93．
[45] 杨帆，萧德云．基于Agent的流程工业制造执行系统结构研究．计算机集成制造系统-CIMS．2003，9(2)．
[46] 顾绍元，祝琛琛，施鸿宝．一种基于Agent的需求分析与建模方法．计算机工程与应用．2001，5．
[47] 陆汝铃，石纯一等．面向Agent的常识知识库．中国科学(E辑)，2000，10，30(5)．．
[48] 刘志等．一种基于软件Agent的虚拟企业工作流管理系统．计算机工程与应用．2000，2：31-36
[49] 王柏，王红熳，邹华．分布计算环境．北京：北京邮电大学出版社．2000．
[50] Dimitris N. Chorafas. Agent technology handbook. McGraw-Hill Book Co.1999.
[51] 朱华，刘祖照，许俊华．基于MAS结构的通信语言KQML的研究[EB／OL]．http://863cims.net.paper/paper2.htm.2002.6.10.
[52] Finin Tim, Fritzson Rich, Mckay Don. KQML as an agent communication language.Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on information and knowledge management.Nov,1994.