东北装备制造业技术创新支撑体系研究
|
摘要
装备制造业是为国民经济和国防建设提供技术装备的基础产业。建立强大的装备制造业,是提高综合国力,建设工业强国的重要保证。东北是我国主要的装备制造科研和生产基地,在重型机械、大型成套装备、数控机床、发电和输变电设备、汽车制造、船舶制造、轨道交通设备制造方面具有不可替代的地位。研究如何构建东北装备制造业的技术创新支撑体系,为企业技术创新活动创造良好的社会化服务环境,促进科技成果转化,对于东北装备制造业的战略转型和产业升级具有重要意义。
本文以技术经济学、产业经济学、创新经济学、社会学、系统论、协同论、循环经济等理论为基础,采用定性与定量、理论与实证相结合的方式,围绕东北装备制造业的技术创新支撑体系构建问题进行研究。
1.“技术创新支撑体系”是指为技术创新主体提供知识、技术、经验、资金、人才、信息、基础设施和实验场地等服务,协调和沟通各技术创新主体间活动的联合体。技术创新支撑体系的运行特征是:顺应企业生产活动要求的智能化;保证企业技术创新系统运转目标与企业发展目标一致的柔性化;密切企业技术创新系统与市场的联系,提高服务的价值性和针对性的动态化;分布合理,优势互补,协同服务的组群化;保证服务对象不受时间、地域限制,随时接受所需服务的网络化。
2.“技术创新支撑体系”主要由五大基础平台构成:一是科技成果转化服务平台。联接企业、高等院校、政府,促进创新技术和知识的区域扩散,使科学成果以最快的速度转化为生产力;二是创新资金服务平台。推动政府投入为引导、企业投资为主体、金融投资为重点、社会投资为补充的多元化投资体系,为企业技术创新提供资金保障;三是人力资源服务平台。组织人才交流和人才培训,为企业提供高质量的人才服务;四是社会环境支撑平台。以制度支持技术创新,发展中介组织为企业技术创新提供全方位的咨询服务;五是企业文化服务平台。帮助企业开展形式多样的企业文化活动,提升员工的归属感、认同感,保障企业技术创新持续开展。
3.目前装备制造业技术创新的发展趋势是:技术创新由封闭的企业行为向全球化合作转化;信息化推动装备制造业的创新与发展;技术创新的重点向绿色环保转化;装备制造生产敏捷化等。
上述趋势对我们的启示:第一,技术创新是一个国家的重要发展战略;第二,基础科学的发展是原始性技术创新的动力;第三,引进技术的消化吸收再创新是工业化中期的必然选择;第四,企业制度是技术创新的保证;第五,风险资金是技术创新的重要支撑。
4.近年来,东北装备制造业稳步发展。虽然资产总额较高,但是利润总额占全国的比重却只有4.5%左右。整体来说,由于企业技术创新能力较弱导致了装备制造业发展的速度相对变慢,东北装备制造业在全国的地位相对下降。其主要原因一是技术创新实力比较弱;二是产业结构不尽合理;三是技术装备落后,产品处于产业链的低端;四是集群化程度低;五是体制障碍比较突出。技术创新提高了产业集群度和市场竞争力,形成了一批初具规模的产业集群,但是存在规模水平和产业集中度需进一步提升、企业结构不合理、产业链尚需完善等问题。
5.东北装备制造业技术创新支撑体系的构建要遵循统筹规划、开放集成、突出特色和协同发展的原则:第一,要强化企业技术创新主体地位。大力推动企业建立科研、设计机构,建设企业技术创新的信息化支撑体系,建立产学研结合的产业公共技术开发服务平台,发展产业技术创新联盟;第二,加强规划指导,发展产业集群,打造世界级企业集团;第三,加强中介服务对产业技术创新的支撑。积极发展区域性、具有专业化服务特色的创新服务机构,健全新兴装备制造业科技成果转化体制,加强中介服务组织的自身建设;第四,建立开放的人才服务网络。大力发展职业教育,培养创新型职业技术人才。实行定期培训制度,提高人才支撑强度;第五,发展多元化的资金支撑体系。政府加大扶持资金的投入,建立多渠道的社会投融资体系,加大金融信贷资金的投入,完善创业投资和风险投资;第六,优化企业自身创新环境。营造宽松的创新氛围。培养员工积极的创新精神。重视建立学习型组织。
6.装备制造业技术创新支撑体系建设的保障措施:首先要强化政府协调指导功能,提高宏观调控能力。设立三省装备制造业技术创新协调指导机构,优化政府管理方式。编制区域技术创新规划。营造有利于装备制造业自主创新的政策环境,建立东北装备制造业有效的合作联动机制,制定鼓励企业技术创新投资多元化的政策。进一步完善和落实各项人才流动、培训、激励政策。还要转变国家计划对企业的投资方式。
其次,进行有利于技术创新的组织机构调整。第一,发展多元化、国际化的大型企业集团。包括围绕东北装备制造业的优势和强项进行产业结构、组织结构调整与重组,积极落实有关企业兼并重组的各项政策措施,积极开展多样、开放的国际企业并购,高度重视装备业成套能力的提高,坚持技术创新和制度创新相结合;第二,组建产学研结合的跨省技术研究中心;第三,建立企业风险评估机构,进行技术创新风险预警。
最后,进一步完善装备制造业的产业技术政策。加强对引进技术的消化吸收与再创新,科学接纳国际产业转移,用现代信息技术改造传统产业,以大项目带动装备制造业跨越式发展,完善东北装备制造业的产业技术体系,转变技术创新模式,发展生产性科技服务业。
本文主旨是通过对发达国家的借鉴,紧密结合我国东北装备制造业的发展实际,思考如何在国家“十二五”经济社会发展规划指导下,通过构建技术创新支撑体系,推动东北装备制造业实现新的跨越,并为此提出了具有系统性、可操作性和适宜性的操作策略,因此具有一定的理论价值和实际意义。
Equipment manufacturing industry is the basic industry that provides technological equipment for national economy and national defense. Building the power equipment manufacturing industry is the fundamental guarantee for improving the overall national strength and moving toward industrial powers. Northeast is the main base of scientific research and production in China, and its position is crucial in heavy-duty machinery, complete sets of large equipment, numerical control machine, power generation and transformation equipment, automobile making, shipbuilding and rail traffic equipment manufacturing. Studying how to strength technological innovation support system, create a good social service environment for enterprise technological innovation activities, promote transformation of science &technology achievements is of great significance to promoting strategy transformation and industry upgrading of equipment manufacturing industry.
This article adopts qualitative and quantitative approach and theoretical and empirical approach to explore technological innovation support system of northeast equipment manufacturing industry based on technological economics, industrial economics, innovation economics, sociology, system theory, theory of synergy, circular economics.
1.“Technological innovation support system”is a union that provides service of knowledge, technology, experience, capital, talents, information, infrastructure and experimental site to coordinating activity in various technological innovation subjects. The operation characteristics of technical support system is : according with intelligent requirements of enterprise production activities, ensuring flexibility of congruence of enterprise innovative operating goals and the goals of enterprise development, ting enterprise innovative system with market, improving dynamism of service value and specific service, realizing group of hydro that has reasonable distribution, complement of each other's advantages, coordinated services, ensuring network of accepting service ever-present.
2.“Technological innovation support system”is comprised of five platforms: Part one is service platform for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. It links enterprise with institutions of higher learning and government, promotes regional diffusion of Innovation knowledge and technology, converts scientific gains to productivity; Part two is service platform for innovation funds. It provides funding for technology Innovation of enterprises by pushing forward diversified investment system that government input is guidance, enterprise investment is the main body, financial investment is key, social investment is supplement. Part three is service platform for HR services that provides high quality talent services for enterprise by organizing talent exchange and talent training. Part four is service platform for social environment support. System supports technological innovation, and intermediary organization provides a comprehensive range of consulting services for enterprise. Part five is service platform for enterprise culture service. It helps enterprises carry out various forms of enterprise culture activities. And it improves employee belonging, It ensures continued development of enterprise technology innovation as well.
3. The developmental trend of current equipment manufacturing technological innovation : Technological innovation transforms enterprise behavior to the close to the global cooperation transformation. Information push forward innovation and development of equipment manufacturing industry. The key of technological innovation transforms to the green environmental protection. Equipment manufacturing production is agility.
The above trend to our enlightenment: Firstly, technological innovation is an important strategy in the development of a country. Secondly, the development of basic science is the primary power of technological innovation. Thirdly, the imported technological digestion, absorption and innovation is the inevitable choice of industrialization medium term. Fourthly, enterprise system is the guarantee of technological innovation. Fifthly, risk capital is the important support to technological innovation.
4. In recent years, northeast equipment manufacturing steady growth steady growth. But the proportion of the national total profit is only 4.5%, although total asset is higher. Overall, the status of northeast equipment manufacturing industry in the nation declines relatively. There is a situation that enterprise technological innovation ability is relatively weak. So the speed of the equipment manufacturing industry development slows down relatively. The primary cause: Firstly, technological innovation strength is weak. Secondly, industrial structure is unreasonable. Thirdly, the equipments lags behind. Fourthly, the degree of cluster is low, Fifthly, system obstacle is more outstanding.
5. The construction of technological innovation support system of northeast equipment manufacturing must follow principle of overall planning, open integration, stressing distinguishing feature and collaborative development. Firstly, country need strengthen subject position of enterprise technological innovation by establishing scientific research and design institutions in enterprise, constructing support system of information of enterprise technological innovation, establishing university-industry cooperation public technological development service platform of industry, developing coalition of industry technological innovation. Secondly, enterprise need strengthen planning guidance, develop Industrial cluster, creat world-class enterprise groups. Thirdly, government need strengthen the intermediary service for industrial technological innovation support. develop actively regional characteristic professional innovation service agencies, strengthen the self-construction of the intermediary service organization. Fourthly, government need build open talent service network, cultivate innovative professional technological personnel by developing vigorously vocational education, improve brainpower intensity by implementing regular training system. Fifthly, government need develop diversified funds support system. Government need increase support fund input, set up multi-channel and financing system of society, increase financial credit capital investment, perfect venture investment and risk investment. Sixthly, enterprise need optimize innovation environment. Enterprise need build comfortable innovation atmosphere, cultivate active employee spirit of innovation, build the learning organization.
6. The safeguard measures of construction of technological innovation supporting system of equipment manufacturing: government need improve macroeconomic control ability by strengthening coordination and guidance. Government need establish institutions of coordination and guidance of equipment manufacturing technological innovation in three provinces, work out the regional technological innovation planning, create supportive policy environment of equipment manufacturing industry innovation, transform the way state plan investments enterprise.
Enterprise need implement organization adjustment which is the favor of technological innovation. Firstly, enterprise need develop pluralistic international conglomerates. Secondly, enterprise need construct technological research center which adopts the form of university-industry cooperation. Thirdly, enterprise need establish enterprise risk assessment organization to carry out early warning of technological innovation risk.
Government need perfect equipment manufacturing industry technological policy. Government need strengthen the absorption of imported technology and again innovation, scientific accept international industry shift, use modern information technology to transform traditional industries, drive great-leap-forward development of equipment manufacturing industry by big project, perfect technological system of northeast equipment manufacturing industry, transform technological innovation mode, develop productive technological services.
By learning the experiences of developed country and combining the actual situation about equipment manufacturing industry in northeast China, the point of this article is to think how to promote the equipment manufacturing industry in northeast China to a new stage under the direction of“twelfth five-years plans”and by constructing technological innovation support system. The target is to construct systemic, flexible, operable, appropriate strategy. So this article has certain theory value and practical significance.
本文以技术经济学、产业经济学、创新经济学、社会学、系统论、协同论、循环经济等理论为基础,采用定性与定量、理论与实证相结合的方式,围绕东北装备制造业的技术创新支撑体系构建问题进行研究。
1.“技术创新支撑体系”是指为技术创新主体提供知识、技术、经验、资金、人才、信息、基础设施和实验场地等服务,协调和沟通各技术创新主体间活动的联合体。技术创新支撑体系的运行特征是:顺应企业生产活动要求的智能化;保证企业技术创新系统运转目标与企业发展目标一致的柔性化;密切企业技术创新系统与市场的联系,提高服务的价值性和针对性的动态化;分布合理,优势互补,协同服务的组群化;保证服务对象不受时间、地域限制,随时接受所需服务的网络化。
2.“技术创新支撑体系”主要由五大基础平台构成:一是科技成果转化服务平台。联接企业、高等院校、政府,促进创新技术和知识的区域扩散,使科学成果以最快的速度转化为生产力;二是创新资金服务平台。推动政府投入为引导、企业投资为主体、金融投资为重点、社会投资为补充的多元化投资体系,为企业技术创新提供资金保障;三是人力资源服务平台。组织人才交流和人才培训,为企业提供高质量的人才服务;四是社会环境支撑平台。以制度支持技术创新,发展中介组织为企业技术创新提供全方位的咨询服务;五是企业文化服务平台。帮助企业开展形式多样的企业文化活动,提升员工的归属感、认同感,保障企业技术创新持续开展。
3.目前装备制造业技术创新的发展趋势是:技术创新由封闭的企业行为向全球化合作转化;信息化推动装备制造业的创新与发展;技术创新的重点向绿色环保转化;装备制造生产敏捷化等。
上述趋势对我们的启示:第一,技术创新是一个国家的重要发展战略;第二,基础科学的发展是原始性技术创新的动力;第三,引进技术的消化吸收再创新是工业化中期的必然选择;第四,企业制度是技术创新的保证;第五,风险资金是技术创新的重要支撑。
4.近年来,东北装备制造业稳步发展。虽然资产总额较高,但是利润总额占全国的比重却只有4.5%左右。整体来说,由于企业技术创新能力较弱导致了装备制造业发展的速度相对变慢,东北装备制造业在全国的地位相对下降。其主要原因一是技术创新实力比较弱;二是产业结构不尽合理;三是技术装备落后,产品处于产业链的低端;四是集群化程度低;五是体制障碍比较突出。技术创新提高了产业集群度和市场竞争力,形成了一批初具规模的产业集群,但是存在规模水平和产业集中度需进一步提升、企业结构不合理、产业链尚需完善等问题。
5.东北装备制造业技术创新支撑体系的构建要遵循统筹规划、开放集成、突出特色和协同发展的原则:第一,要强化企业技术创新主体地位。大力推动企业建立科研、设计机构,建设企业技术创新的信息化支撑体系,建立产学研结合的产业公共技术开发服务平台,发展产业技术创新联盟;第二,加强规划指导,发展产业集群,打造世界级企业集团;第三,加强中介服务对产业技术创新的支撑。积极发展区域性、具有专业化服务特色的创新服务机构,健全新兴装备制造业科技成果转化体制,加强中介服务组织的自身建设;第四,建立开放的人才服务网络。大力发展职业教育,培养创新型职业技术人才。实行定期培训制度,提高人才支撑强度;第五,发展多元化的资金支撑体系。政府加大扶持资金的投入,建立多渠道的社会投融资体系,加大金融信贷资金的投入,完善创业投资和风险投资;第六,优化企业自身创新环境。营造宽松的创新氛围。培养员工积极的创新精神。重视建立学习型组织。
6.装备制造业技术创新支撑体系建设的保障措施:首先要强化政府协调指导功能,提高宏观调控能力。设立三省装备制造业技术创新协调指导机构,优化政府管理方式。编制区域技术创新规划。营造有利于装备制造业自主创新的政策环境,建立东北装备制造业有效的合作联动机制,制定鼓励企业技术创新投资多元化的政策。进一步完善和落实各项人才流动、培训、激励政策。还要转变国家计划对企业的投资方式。
其次,进行有利于技术创新的组织机构调整。第一,发展多元化、国际化的大型企业集团。包括围绕东北装备制造业的优势和强项进行产业结构、组织结构调整与重组,积极落实有关企业兼并重组的各项政策措施,积极开展多样、开放的国际企业并购,高度重视装备业成套能力的提高,坚持技术创新和制度创新相结合;第二,组建产学研结合的跨省技术研究中心;第三,建立企业风险评估机构,进行技术创新风险预警。
最后,进一步完善装备制造业的产业技术政策。加强对引进技术的消化吸收与再创新,科学接纳国际产业转移,用现代信息技术改造传统产业,以大项目带动装备制造业跨越式发展,完善东北装备制造业的产业技术体系,转变技术创新模式,发展生产性科技服务业。
本文主旨是通过对发达国家的借鉴,紧密结合我国东北装备制造业的发展实际,思考如何在国家“十二五”经济社会发展规划指导下,通过构建技术创新支撑体系,推动东北装备制造业实现新的跨越,并为此提出了具有系统性、可操作性和适宜性的操作策略,因此具有一定的理论价值和实际意义。
Equipment manufacturing industry is the basic industry that provides technological equipment for national economy and national defense. Building the power equipment manufacturing industry is the fundamental guarantee for improving the overall national strength and moving toward industrial powers. Northeast is the main base of scientific research and production in China, and its position is crucial in heavy-duty machinery, complete sets of large equipment, numerical control machine, power generation and transformation equipment, automobile making, shipbuilding and rail traffic equipment manufacturing. Studying how to strength technological innovation support system, create a good social service environment for enterprise technological innovation activities, promote transformation of science &technology achievements is of great significance to promoting strategy transformation and industry upgrading of equipment manufacturing industry.
This article adopts qualitative and quantitative approach and theoretical and empirical approach to explore technological innovation support system of northeast equipment manufacturing industry based on technological economics, industrial economics, innovation economics, sociology, system theory, theory of synergy, circular economics.
1.“Technological innovation support system”is a union that provides service of knowledge, technology, experience, capital, talents, information, infrastructure and experimental site to coordinating activity in various technological innovation subjects. The operation characteristics of technical support system is : according with intelligent requirements of enterprise production activities, ensuring flexibility of congruence of enterprise innovative operating goals and the goals of enterprise development, ting enterprise innovative system with market, improving dynamism of service value and specific service, realizing group of hydro that has reasonable distribution, complement of each other's advantages, coordinated services, ensuring network of accepting service ever-present.
2.“Technological innovation support system”is comprised of five platforms: Part one is service platform for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. It links enterprise with institutions of higher learning and government, promotes regional diffusion of Innovation knowledge and technology, converts scientific gains to productivity; Part two is service platform for innovation funds. It provides funding for technology Innovation of enterprises by pushing forward diversified investment system that government input is guidance, enterprise investment is the main body, financial investment is key, social investment is supplement. Part three is service platform for HR services that provides high quality talent services for enterprise by organizing talent exchange and talent training. Part four is service platform for social environment support. System supports technological innovation, and intermediary organization provides a comprehensive range of consulting services for enterprise. Part five is service platform for enterprise culture service. It helps enterprises carry out various forms of enterprise culture activities. And it improves employee belonging, It ensures continued development of enterprise technology innovation as well.
3. The developmental trend of current equipment manufacturing technological innovation : Technological innovation transforms enterprise behavior to the close to the global cooperation transformation. Information push forward innovation and development of equipment manufacturing industry. The key of technological innovation transforms to the green environmental protection. Equipment manufacturing production is agility.
The above trend to our enlightenment: Firstly, technological innovation is an important strategy in the development of a country. Secondly, the development of basic science is the primary power of technological innovation. Thirdly, the imported technological digestion, absorption and innovation is the inevitable choice of industrialization medium term. Fourthly, enterprise system is the guarantee of technological innovation. Fifthly, risk capital is the important support to technological innovation.
4. In recent years, northeast equipment manufacturing steady growth steady growth. But the proportion of the national total profit is only 4.5%, although total asset is higher. Overall, the status of northeast equipment manufacturing industry in the nation declines relatively. There is a situation that enterprise technological innovation ability is relatively weak. So the speed of the equipment manufacturing industry development slows down relatively. The primary cause: Firstly, technological innovation strength is weak. Secondly, industrial structure is unreasonable. Thirdly, the equipments lags behind. Fourthly, the degree of cluster is low, Fifthly, system obstacle is more outstanding.
5. The construction of technological innovation support system of northeast equipment manufacturing must follow principle of overall planning, open integration, stressing distinguishing feature and collaborative development. Firstly, country need strengthen subject position of enterprise technological innovation by establishing scientific research and design institutions in enterprise, constructing support system of information of enterprise technological innovation, establishing university-industry cooperation public technological development service platform of industry, developing coalition of industry technological innovation. Secondly, enterprise need strengthen planning guidance, develop Industrial cluster, creat world-class enterprise groups. Thirdly, government need strengthen the intermediary service for industrial technological innovation support. develop actively regional characteristic professional innovation service agencies, strengthen the self-construction of the intermediary service organization. Fourthly, government need build open talent service network, cultivate innovative professional technological personnel by developing vigorously vocational education, improve brainpower intensity by implementing regular training system. Fifthly, government need develop diversified funds support system. Government need increase support fund input, set up multi-channel and financing system of society, increase financial credit capital investment, perfect venture investment and risk investment. Sixthly, enterprise need optimize innovation environment. Enterprise need build comfortable innovation atmosphere, cultivate active employee spirit of innovation, build the learning organization.
6. The safeguard measures of construction of technological innovation supporting system of equipment manufacturing: government need improve macroeconomic control ability by strengthening coordination and guidance. Government need establish institutions of coordination and guidance of equipment manufacturing technological innovation in three provinces, work out the regional technological innovation planning, create supportive policy environment of equipment manufacturing industry innovation, transform the way state plan investments enterprise.
Enterprise need implement organization adjustment which is the favor of technological innovation. Firstly, enterprise need develop pluralistic international conglomerates. Secondly, enterprise need construct technological research center which adopts the form of university-industry cooperation. Thirdly, enterprise need establish enterprise risk assessment organization to carry out early warning of technological innovation risk.
Government need perfect equipment manufacturing industry technological policy. Government need strengthen the absorption of imported technology and again innovation, scientific accept international industry shift, use modern information technology to transform traditional industries, drive great-leap-forward development of equipment manufacturing industry by big project, perfect technological system of northeast equipment manufacturing industry, transform technological innovation mode, develop productive technological services.
By learning the experiences of developed country and combining the actual situation about equipment manufacturing industry in northeast China, the point of this article is to think how to promote the equipment manufacturing industry in northeast China to a new stage under the direction of“twelfth five-years plans”and by constructing technological innovation support system. The target is to construct systemic, flexible, operable, appropriate strategy. So this article has certain theory value and practical significance.
引文
[1]张国宝.装备制造业的自主创新问题[J].求是,2008,(8).
[2]约瑟夫﹒熊彼特.经济发展理论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1990.
[3]彭靖里,邓艺,李建平.国内外技术创新理论研究的进展及其发展趋势[J].科技与经济,2006,(4).
[4]黄景贵,论创新理论的产生和发展[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2000,(2).
[5]张磊,王森.西方技术创新理论的产生与发展综述[J].科技与经济,2008,(1).
[6]Freeman C. The economics of industrical innovation[M].Them IT-Press,1982.
[7]傅家骥.技术创新学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[8]田亚新.关于技术创新研究的文献综述[J].科技信息,2008,(8).
[9]苏亚莉,帅桥昌.国外技术创新支撑环境评述[J].价格月刊,2008,(10).
[10]霍晶,李健.政府在推动企业成为自主创新主体中的作用[J].生产力研究,2007,(20).
[11]李军毅,苏亚莉.支撑环境对企业技术创新作用机理的研究[J].价格月刊,2007,(11).
[12]李华亮.浅谈企业技术创新中的人力资源[J].企业技术开发,2005,(12).
[13]邹俊.美国技术创新法律机制评介[J].科技管理研究,2008,(11).
[14]白景美,宋春艳,王树恩.试析战后日本技术创新政策演变的特点及启示[J].科学管理研究,2007,(4).
[15]伍玉林,何英,姜颍南.美日政府技术创新支持政策的比较及对我国的启示[J].学术交流,2009,(10).
[16]徐瑾,蔡则祥.国外高校产学研合作模式的比较与借鉴[J],金融教学与研究,2008,(1).
[17]姜百臣,欧晓明,徐蕾.技术创新机制的国际比较及其对中国的启示[J].科技管理研究,2009,(11).
[18]李妹,姜春海.基于技术创新的辽宁装备制造业振兴途径研究[J].宏观经济研究,2010,(5).
[19]管华诗,吴强明.科技创新——经济社会持续发展的不竭动力[J].中国海洋大学学报(社科版),2000,(4).
[20]姚正海.技术创新的概念与特征分析[J].商业经济,2009,(10).
[21]Grossman G.,Helpman E. Innovation and growth in the global economy [M].MTf. Press, Cambridge M.A,1991.
[22]李济琛.技术进步创新与产业结构调整[EB/OL], http://www.enpctn. com.cn/2008,(1).
[23]王章豹,李垒.技术创新促进我国制造业竞争力提升的作用机制探析[J].工业技术经济,2007,(6).
[24]张晨芝,毛蕴诗.技术创新动力研究[J].现代管理科学,2009,(6).
[25]张威,姜岚.企业技术创新的动力机制研究[J].理论导报,2009,(6).
[26]吴勇刚,李春燕.我国装备制造业自主创新能力评价指标体系研究[J].重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版),2010,(13).
[27]刁心侠,王凯.中国装备制造业自主技术创新能力分析[J].商丘师范学院学报,2010,(4).
[28]杨扬.技术创新服务体系的国内外理论研究及实践[J].经济工作, 2009, (12).
[29]赵忠华.新兴装备制造业科技投入机制研究,科技管理研究[J].2008, (4).
[30]李武军.基于系统论的我国产业技术创新研究[J].当代经济,2010(7).
[31]张明,黄乃文.企业技术创新中的政府支持系统[J].江苏商论, 2004, (6).
[32]盛世豪,谢瑞平.试论中小企业技术创新支撑体系[J].中共宁波市委党校学报,2000,(1).
[33]刘旗,邓晓翠.风险投资促进技术创新的作用机理分析[J].时代金融,2009,(10).
[34]陈柳钦.自主创新振兴装备制造业必由之路[J].中国科技投资,2008(12).
[35]李云彪,陈慧,戴磊.创新与决策[M].北京:科学文献出版社,2010.
[36]张爽.装备制造业相关研究文献综述[J].现代商贸工业,2010,(16).
[37]装备制造业的定义和特点[EB/OL].中国百科网, http://www.chinabaike.com/
[38]中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2008.
[39]世界制造业发展现状与趋势研究课题组.世界制造业之现状[J],江苏企业管理,2007,(2).
[40]路甬祥.制造业的创新与竞争力[J].中国制造业信息化,2003,(3).
[41]张娜.对我国制造业技术创新与提高核心竞争力的若干思考[J].商业经济,2006,(11).
[42]王汝林.国际制造业的五大变局[J].中国制造业信息化,2004,(11).
[43]倪义芳,吴晓波.世界制造业全球化的现状与趋势及我国的对策[J].中国软科学,2001,(10).
[44]黄本笑,陈红波.论制造业的现代性[J].科技进步与对策,2003,(12).
[45]国家发展改革委工业司.全球制造业发展趋势及我国面临的机遇和挑战[J].宏观经济管理,2004,(10).
[46]田富俊,李兆友,易显飞.论企业技术创新发展趋势与应对策略[J].发明与创新,2005(12).
[47]马雪峰.美国技术创新的经验及对我国的启示[J].经济问题探索,2008,(4).
[48]熊思敏.谈美国技术创新的经验[J].科技创业月刊,2004,(8).
[49]王志.美、日、印装备制造业政策比较与借鉴[J].北方经济,2009,(11).
[50]胡萍,何月,卢姗.日本技术创新模式的转型及相关政策研究[J].科技与经济,2007,(6).
[51]后藤晃.日本的技术革新与产业组织[M].东京大学出版会,1993.
[52]冯昭奎,张可喜.技术立国之—科学技术与日本社会[M].西安:陕西人民教育出版社,1997.
[53]吴芷静.外国技术创新发展历史比较及启示[J].理论界,2009,(12).
[54]孔凡静.日本经济发展战略[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1983.
[55]赵华.美国美日德俄制造业研发中的政府行为比较与启示[J].科苑,2010,(4).
[56]朴永日.德国与美国、日本企业技术创新模式[J].青岛大学学报, 2001, (12).
[57]高丽萍.发达国家创新政策的分析与借鉴[J].郑州航空工业管理学院学报(社会科学版),2010,(4).
[58]王葆青.英国政府如何激励企业创新[EB/OL]. http://www.ce.cn/ ,2006-07-12.
[59]法国设立“竞争力极点园区”[EB/OL].长城战略,2006-7-17.
[60]廖先旺.法国设立园区重创新[N].人民日报,2006-02-08.
[61]肖海晶.国外技术创新模式及对我国的启示[J].学习与探索,2006,(6).
[62]詹小洪.韩国自主创新的奥秘[EB/OL].国务院发展研究中心信息网,2006-6-12.
[63]从韩国芬兰经验看自主创新中的政府作为[EB/OL]. http://www.zh09. com/, 2010-1-15.
[64]姜百臣,欧晓明,徐蕾.技术创新机制的国际比较及其对中国的启示[J].科技管理研究, 2009,(11).
[65]李廷勇.从国际先进经验看技术创新中的政府职能[J].科学技术与辩证法,2003,(12).
[66]郑磊.韩国创新体系借鉴[EB/OL]. http://www.chinavalue.net/ finance/,2006-10-1.
[67]朱静.美日韩三国技术创新模式[J].亚太经济,2001,(3).
[68]徐保康.韩国:企业成为技术创新主力军[N].人民日报,2005-11-30
[69]吉林省统计局.吉林省装备制造业发展状况[EB/OL]. www.jl.gov.cn, 2009-11-16.
[70]赵树宽,巩顺龙,陆晓芳.东北制造技术创新战略研究[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2008,(3).
[71]何岩枫.黑龙江省装备制造业人才开发现状研究[J].科技纵横, 2009, (7).
[72]赵德海,冯德海.东北老工业基地装备制造业创新发展路径研究[J].商业经济,2008,(1).
[73]霍德发.装备制造业东北振兴的优势产业——老工业基地调整、改造的主导思路之二[J].长白学刊,2004,(4).
[74]高斌,石庆华.对东北地区发展装备制造业企业集群问题的思考[J].延边大学学报(社会科学版),2007,(12).
[75]张万强.提升东北装备制造业竞争力对策研究[J].金属加工,2009,(15).
[76]刘翰宏.黑龙江省装备制造业发展的swot分析及对策[J].商业经济,2009,(9).
[77]索伶俐.黑龙江省装备制造业发展及进出口情况分析[J].黑龙江对外经贸,2010,(7).
[78]魏玉芝,翟文.辽宁省装备制造业竞争力的问题与对策研究[J].辽宁行政学院学报,2010,(6).
[79]振兴东北老工业基地装备制造业优劣势分析——《东北老工业基地装备制造业重组战略研究报告》摘编.央视网,2008-1-04.
[80]核心技术自主化助推东北装备制造业实现新跨越[EB/OL].中国二重纪检监察网,2010-11-05.
[81]东北地区装备制造业度过危机亟待政策扶持[J].现代制造技术与装备, 2009,(3).
[82]王晓宇,叶裕民.东北装备制造业发展障碍分析[J].东北亚论坛,2008,(3).
[83]赵蕾.东北三省装备制造业现状分析及对策研究[J].商业经济,2008, (8).
[84]张海星.振兴东北装备制造业的财税支持政策研究[J].宁夏社会科学, 2008,(9).
[85]辽宁省科技统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2006,2007,2008.
[86]李春禄.政府合作对东北地区经济发展的作用[J].民营科技,2010,(1).
[87]史宝玉,刘景军.东北老工业基地人力资源开发利用研究[J].黑龙江对外经贸,2009,(6).
[88]黑龙江科技厅.黑龙江省振兴东北老工业基地科技支撑战略研究报告[C].2005,(2).
[89]董勋.黑龙江省装备制造业创新人才开发的策略研究[J].北方经贸, 2009,(6).
[90]赵德海,王锋军.东北老工业基地装备制造业问题研究[J].物流科技, 2007,(4).
[91]韩向宏.构建体系:提升装备制造业创新能力[J].中国科技投资,2008, (12).
[92]王晓丹.东北装备制造业与信息化融合的发展趋势及策略研究[J].电信网技术,2010,(11).
[93]蔡永明,王胜利,马银戌.面向技术创新的企业信息化建设探讨[J].全国商情,2009,(14).
[94]龚红,李燕萍.产业技术创新战略联盟研究综述及其最新进展[J].中国科技产业,2010,(7).
[95]邬小平.东北老工业基地的制度创新和技术创新[J].理论观察,2010, (2).
[96]赵欣宇.利用技术创新振兴东北老工业基地[J].中外企业家,2010, (4)(下).
[97]禹政敏.金融危机下完善科技创新战略和政策[J].辽宁行政学院学报, 2010,(4).
[98]范德成,唐小旭.产学研结合技术创新的过程模型构建与分析[J].科技管理研究,2008,(7).
[99]韩东旭,李广周.产学研合作—提高装备制造业自主创新能力的有效途径[J].科学观察,2010,(5).
[100]李新男.创新“产学研结合”组织模式构建产业技术创新战略联盟[J].中国软科学,2007,(5).
[101]任素娟.东北地区发展区域经济的对策:基于技术创新的视角[J].商场现代化,2009,(3).
[102]单洪颍.东北装备制造业集群化发展策略研究[J].集团经济研究, 2007,(11).
[103]徐文华.制度创新与装备制造业的发展[J].全国商情,2010,(8).
[104]刘助仁.科技中介机构发展与政府行为分析[EB/OL].中国创新网,2006-7-24.
[105]刘勇.我国制造业发展的技术来源与策略取向[J].中国科技投资, 2007,(9).
[106]赵树宽,姜红,陈丹.吉林老工业基地区域科技创新体系研究[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2005,(1).
[107]赵忠华.新兴装备制造业科技投入机制研究[J].科技管理研究,2008, (4).
[108]傅强,江建设.我国技术中介机构的现状、问题和发展对策建议[J].科技管理研究,2008,(5).
[109]王继平.基于回顾、展望的职业教育现状分析[J].中国职业技术教育,2008,(24).
[110]曲波.论振兴装备制造业的有效途径[J].理论观察,2008,(2).
[111]周丽俭.推进东北老工业基地装备制造业技术进步的政策思考[J].铜陵学院学报,2006,(3).
[112]宋艳.东北地区制造业企业技术创新能力对策分析[J].商业经济,2008,(1).
[113]丁涛,胡汉辉.金融支持科技创新国际比较及路径设计[J].软科学,2009,(3).
[115]柳振群.企业文化与企业创新研究[J].企业经济,2003,(11).
[116]国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要[EB/OL].新华网,2011-3-16.
[117]张国宝.我国装备制造业自主创新和世界装备制造业发展情况[EB/OL]. http://chinaneast.xinhuanet.com/jszb/2007-12/29/content_12084503.htm,2007-12-29.
[118]李华凤,高希宁.辽宁装备制造业自主创新的对策探讨[N].辽宁日报,2008-12-06.
[119]江彦,李瞧.借九大创新模式突破发展桎梏—访机械科学研究总院专家屈贤明[J].中国制造业信息化,2007,(4).
[120]王瑞祥.中国装备制造业实力显著提升[EB/OL].http://www.macrochina.com.cn/macro_data/,2010-12-21
[121]J.L.ENOS.Petroleum progess and profits: a history of progess innovation[M]. Cambridge MA: The MIT press, 1962.
[122]Philip Cooke,from techno poles to regional innavation systems: the evolution of localized technology development policy,Canadian Journal of Regional Science, 2001.
[123]Cooke,Schienslock,Structural Competitiveness and Learning Region[J].Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies,2000(3).
[124]Padmore T. Modelling systems of innovation :A framework for industrial cluster analysis in regions[J].Research Policy,1998(26)
[125]Asheim B,Industrial Districts:The Contributions of Marshall and Beyond[M]. The Oxlord Handbook of Economic Geography,Oxlord:Oxlord University Press,2000.
[126]Schmookler .Invention and Economic Change[M].Harvard University Press, 1972.
[127]OECD.Innovative Networks:Collaboration in national innovation svstems[M].Paris:OECD, 2001.
[128]Loi sur l Innovation et In Recherche[Z].Paris, 1999.
[129]Indicateurs de Sciences et technologies 2004[Z]. Paris: Observatoire des Sciences et des Technologies,France,2004.
[130]Solow,R.A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1956.
[131]Morris Teubal. What is the Systems Perspecxive to Innovation and Technology Policy(ITP)and how can we Apply it to Developing and Newly Industrialized Economies[J].Journal of Evolutionary Economic, 2002.
[132]Stephen Martin, John T.Scott.The Nature of Innovation Market Failure and the Design of Public Support for Private[J].Research Policy,2000.
[2]约瑟夫﹒熊彼特.经济发展理论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1990.
[3]彭靖里,邓艺,李建平.国内外技术创新理论研究的进展及其发展趋势[J].科技与经济,2006,(4).
[4]黄景贵,论创新理论的产生和发展[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2000,(2).
[5]张磊,王森.西方技术创新理论的产生与发展综述[J].科技与经济,2008,(1).
[6]Freeman C. The economics of industrical innovation[M].Them IT-Press,1982.
[7]傅家骥.技术创新学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[8]田亚新.关于技术创新研究的文献综述[J].科技信息,2008,(8).
[9]苏亚莉,帅桥昌.国外技术创新支撑环境评述[J].价格月刊,2008,(10).
[10]霍晶,李健.政府在推动企业成为自主创新主体中的作用[J].生产力研究,2007,(20).
[11]李军毅,苏亚莉.支撑环境对企业技术创新作用机理的研究[J].价格月刊,2007,(11).
[12]李华亮.浅谈企业技术创新中的人力资源[J].企业技术开发,2005,(12).
[13]邹俊.美国技术创新法律机制评介[J].科技管理研究,2008,(11).
[14]白景美,宋春艳,王树恩.试析战后日本技术创新政策演变的特点及启示[J].科学管理研究,2007,(4).
[15]伍玉林,何英,姜颍南.美日政府技术创新支持政策的比较及对我国的启示[J].学术交流,2009,(10).
[16]徐瑾,蔡则祥.国外高校产学研合作模式的比较与借鉴[J],金融教学与研究,2008,(1).
[17]姜百臣,欧晓明,徐蕾.技术创新机制的国际比较及其对中国的启示[J].科技管理研究,2009,(11).
[18]李妹,姜春海.基于技术创新的辽宁装备制造业振兴途径研究[J].宏观经济研究,2010,(5).
[19]管华诗,吴强明.科技创新——经济社会持续发展的不竭动力[J].中国海洋大学学报(社科版),2000,(4).
[20]姚正海.技术创新的概念与特征分析[J].商业经济,2009,(10).
[21]Grossman G.,Helpman E. Innovation and growth in the global economy [M].MTf. Press, Cambridge M.A,1991.
[22]李济琛.技术进步创新与产业结构调整[EB/OL], http://www.enpctn. com.cn/2008,(1).
[23]王章豹,李垒.技术创新促进我国制造业竞争力提升的作用机制探析[J].工业技术经济,2007,(6).
[24]张晨芝,毛蕴诗.技术创新动力研究[J].现代管理科学,2009,(6).
[25]张威,姜岚.企业技术创新的动力机制研究[J].理论导报,2009,(6).
[26]吴勇刚,李春燕.我国装备制造业自主创新能力评价指标体系研究[J].重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版),2010,(13).
[27]刁心侠,王凯.中国装备制造业自主技术创新能力分析[J].商丘师范学院学报,2010,(4).
[28]杨扬.技术创新服务体系的国内外理论研究及实践[J].经济工作, 2009, (12).
[29]赵忠华.新兴装备制造业科技投入机制研究,科技管理研究[J].2008, (4).
[30]李武军.基于系统论的我国产业技术创新研究[J].当代经济,2010(7).
[31]张明,黄乃文.企业技术创新中的政府支持系统[J].江苏商论, 2004, (6).
[32]盛世豪,谢瑞平.试论中小企业技术创新支撑体系[J].中共宁波市委党校学报,2000,(1).
[33]刘旗,邓晓翠.风险投资促进技术创新的作用机理分析[J].时代金融,2009,(10).
[34]陈柳钦.自主创新振兴装备制造业必由之路[J].中国科技投资,2008(12).
[35]李云彪,陈慧,戴磊.创新与决策[M].北京:科学文献出版社,2010.
[36]张爽.装备制造业相关研究文献综述[J].现代商贸工业,2010,(16).
[37]装备制造业的定义和特点[EB/OL].中国百科网, http://www.chinabaike.com/
[38]中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2008.
[39]世界制造业发展现状与趋势研究课题组.世界制造业之现状[J],江苏企业管理,2007,(2).
[40]路甬祥.制造业的创新与竞争力[J].中国制造业信息化,2003,(3).
[41]张娜.对我国制造业技术创新与提高核心竞争力的若干思考[J].商业经济,2006,(11).
[42]王汝林.国际制造业的五大变局[J].中国制造业信息化,2004,(11).
[43]倪义芳,吴晓波.世界制造业全球化的现状与趋势及我国的对策[J].中国软科学,2001,(10).
[44]黄本笑,陈红波.论制造业的现代性[J].科技进步与对策,2003,(12).
[45]国家发展改革委工业司.全球制造业发展趋势及我国面临的机遇和挑战[J].宏观经济管理,2004,(10).
[46]田富俊,李兆友,易显飞.论企业技术创新发展趋势与应对策略[J].发明与创新,2005(12).
[47]马雪峰.美国技术创新的经验及对我国的启示[J].经济问题探索,2008,(4).
[48]熊思敏.谈美国技术创新的经验[J].科技创业月刊,2004,(8).
[49]王志.美、日、印装备制造业政策比较与借鉴[J].北方经济,2009,(11).
[50]胡萍,何月,卢姗.日本技术创新模式的转型及相关政策研究[J].科技与经济,2007,(6).
[51]后藤晃.日本的技术革新与产业组织[M].东京大学出版会,1993.
[52]冯昭奎,张可喜.技术立国之—科学技术与日本社会[M].西安:陕西人民教育出版社,1997.
[53]吴芷静.外国技术创新发展历史比较及启示[J].理论界,2009,(12).
[54]孔凡静.日本经济发展战略[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1983.
[55]赵华.美国美日德俄制造业研发中的政府行为比较与启示[J].科苑,2010,(4).
[56]朴永日.德国与美国、日本企业技术创新模式[J].青岛大学学报, 2001, (12).
[57]高丽萍.发达国家创新政策的分析与借鉴[J].郑州航空工业管理学院学报(社会科学版),2010,(4).
[58]王葆青.英国政府如何激励企业创新[EB/OL]. http://www.ce.cn/ ,2006-07-12.
[59]法国设立“竞争力极点园区”[EB/OL].长城战略,2006-7-17.
[60]廖先旺.法国设立园区重创新[N].人民日报,2006-02-08.
[61]肖海晶.国外技术创新模式及对我国的启示[J].学习与探索,2006,(6).
[62]詹小洪.韩国自主创新的奥秘[EB/OL].国务院发展研究中心信息网,2006-6-12.
[63]从韩国芬兰经验看自主创新中的政府作为[EB/OL]. http://www.zh09. com/, 2010-1-15.
[64]姜百臣,欧晓明,徐蕾.技术创新机制的国际比较及其对中国的启示[J].科技管理研究, 2009,(11).
[65]李廷勇.从国际先进经验看技术创新中的政府职能[J].科学技术与辩证法,2003,(12).
[66]郑磊.韩国创新体系借鉴[EB/OL]. http://www.chinavalue.net/ finance/,2006-10-1.
[67]朱静.美日韩三国技术创新模式[J].亚太经济,2001,(3).
[68]徐保康.韩国:企业成为技术创新主力军[N].人民日报,2005-11-30
[69]吉林省统计局.吉林省装备制造业发展状况[EB/OL]. www.jl.gov.cn, 2009-11-16.
[70]赵树宽,巩顺龙,陆晓芳.东北制造技术创新战略研究[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2008,(3).
[71]何岩枫.黑龙江省装备制造业人才开发现状研究[J].科技纵横, 2009, (7).
[72]赵德海,冯德海.东北老工业基地装备制造业创新发展路径研究[J].商业经济,2008,(1).
[73]霍德发.装备制造业东北振兴的优势产业——老工业基地调整、改造的主导思路之二[J].长白学刊,2004,(4).
[74]高斌,石庆华.对东北地区发展装备制造业企业集群问题的思考[J].延边大学学报(社会科学版),2007,(12).
[75]张万强.提升东北装备制造业竞争力对策研究[J].金属加工,2009,(15).
[76]刘翰宏.黑龙江省装备制造业发展的swot分析及对策[J].商业经济,2009,(9).
[77]索伶俐.黑龙江省装备制造业发展及进出口情况分析[J].黑龙江对外经贸,2010,(7).
[78]魏玉芝,翟文.辽宁省装备制造业竞争力的问题与对策研究[J].辽宁行政学院学报,2010,(6).
[79]振兴东北老工业基地装备制造业优劣势分析——《东北老工业基地装备制造业重组战略研究报告》摘编.央视网,2008-1-04.
[80]核心技术自主化助推东北装备制造业实现新跨越[EB/OL].中国二重纪检监察网,2010-11-05.
[81]东北地区装备制造业度过危机亟待政策扶持[J].现代制造技术与装备, 2009,(3).
[82]王晓宇,叶裕民.东北装备制造业发展障碍分析[J].东北亚论坛,2008,(3).
[83]赵蕾.东北三省装备制造业现状分析及对策研究[J].商业经济,2008, (8).
[84]张海星.振兴东北装备制造业的财税支持政策研究[J].宁夏社会科学, 2008,(9).
[85]辽宁省科技统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2006,2007,2008.
[86]李春禄.政府合作对东北地区经济发展的作用[J].民营科技,2010,(1).
[87]史宝玉,刘景军.东北老工业基地人力资源开发利用研究[J].黑龙江对外经贸,2009,(6).
[88]黑龙江科技厅.黑龙江省振兴东北老工业基地科技支撑战略研究报告[C].2005,(2).
[89]董勋.黑龙江省装备制造业创新人才开发的策略研究[J].北方经贸, 2009,(6).
[90]赵德海,王锋军.东北老工业基地装备制造业问题研究[J].物流科技, 2007,(4).
[91]韩向宏.构建体系:提升装备制造业创新能力[J].中国科技投资,2008, (12).
[92]王晓丹.东北装备制造业与信息化融合的发展趋势及策略研究[J].电信网技术,2010,(11).
[93]蔡永明,王胜利,马银戌.面向技术创新的企业信息化建设探讨[J].全国商情,2009,(14).
[94]龚红,李燕萍.产业技术创新战略联盟研究综述及其最新进展[J].中国科技产业,2010,(7).
[95]邬小平.东北老工业基地的制度创新和技术创新[J].理论观察,2010, (2).
[96]赵欣宇.利用技术创新振兴东北老工业基地[J].中外企业家,2010, (4)(下).
[97]禹政敏.金融危机下完善科技创新战略和政策[J].辽宁行政学院学报, 2010,(4).
[98]范德成,唐小旭.产学研结合技术创新的过程模型构建与分析[J].科技管理研究,2008,(7).
[99]韩东旭,李广周.产学研合作—提高装备制造业自主创新能力的有效途径[J].科学观察,2010,(5).
[100]李新男.创新“产学研结合”组织模式构建产业技术创新战略联盟[J].中国软科学,2007,(5).
[101]任素娟.东北地区发展区域经济的对策:基于技术创新的视角[J].商场现代化,2009,(3).
[102]单洪颍.东北装备制造业集群化发展策略研究[J].集团经济研究, 2007,(11).
[103]徐文华.制度创新与装备制造业的发展[J].全国商情,2010,(8).
[104]刘助仁.科技中介机构发展与政府行为分析[EB/OL].中国创新网,2006-7-24.
[105]刘勇.我国制造业发展的技术来源与策略取向[J].中国科技投资, 2007,(9).
[106]赵树宽,姜红,陈丹.吉林老工业基地区域科技创新体系研究[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2005,(1).
[107]赵忠华.新兴装备制造业科技投入机制研究[J].科技管理研究,2008, (4).
[108]傅强,江建设.我国技术中介机构的现状、问题和发展对策建议[J].科技管理研究,2008,(5).
[109]王继平.基于回顾、展望的职业教育现状分析[J].中国职业技术教育,2008,(24).
[110]曲波.论振兴装备制造业的有效途径[J].理论观察,2008,(2).
[111]周丽俭.推进东北老工业基地装备制造业技术进步的政策思考[J].铜陵学院学报,2006,(3).
[112]宋艳.东北地区制造业企业技术创新能力对策分析[J].商业经济,2008,(1).
[113]丁涛,胡汉辉.金融支持科技创新国际比较及路径设计[J].软科学,2009,(3).
[115]柳振群.企业文化与企业创新研究[J].企业经济,2003,(11).
[116]国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要[EB/OL].新华网,2011-3-16.
[117]张国宝.我国装备制造业自主创新和世界装备制造业发展情况[EB/OL]. http://chinaneast.xinhuanet.com/jszb/2007-12/29/content_12084503.htm,2007-12-29.
[118]李华凤,高希宁.辽宁装备制造业自主创新的对策探讨[N].辽宁日报,2008-12-06.
[119]江彦,李瞧.借九大创新模式突破发展桎梏—访机械科学研究总院专家屈贤明[J].中国制造业信息化,2007,(4).
[120]王瑞祥.中国装备制造业实力显著提升[EB/OL].http://www.macrochina.com.cn/macro_data/,2010-12-21
[121]J.L.ENOS.Petroleum progess and profits: a history of progess innovation[M]. Cambridge MA: The MIT press, 1962.
[122]Philip Cooke,from techno poles to regional innavation systems: the evolution of localized technology development policy,Canadian Journal of Regional Science, 2001.
[123]Cooke,Schienslock,Structural Competitiveness and Learning Region[J].Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies,2000(3).
[124]Padmore T. Modelling systems of innovation :A framework for industrial cluster analysis in regions[J].Research Policy,1998(26)
[125]Asheim B,Industrial Districts:The Contributions of Marshall and Beyond[M]. The Oxlord Handbook of Economic Geography,Oxlord:Oxlord University Press,2000.
[126]Schmookler .Invention and Economic Change[M].Harvard University Press, 1972.
[127]OECD.Innovative Networks:Collaboration in national innovation svstems[M].Paris:OECD, 2001.
[128]Loi sur l Innovation et In Recherche[Z].Paris, 1999.
[129]Indicateurs de Sciences et technologies 2004[Z]. Paris: Observatoire des Sciences et des Technologies,France,2004.
[130]Solow,R.A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1956.
[131]Morris Teubal. What is the Systems Perspecxive to Innovation and Technology Policy(ITP)and how can we Apply it to Developing and Newly Industrialized Economies[J].Journal of Evolutionary Economic, 2002.
[132]Stephen Martin, John T.Scott.The Nature of Innovation Market Failure and the Design of Public Support for Private[J].Research Policy,2000.