面向智能配电的异构融合网络无线资源管理
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摘要
高速、双向、集成的通信系统是智能配电网实现动态、实时信息和电力交互的基础。智能配电网通信系统的薄弱环节在接入网部分,目前尚无一种单一网络能够满足该部分通信业务对于服务质量的工业化需求。异构网络的融合是新一代无线通信系统发展的主要特征,其通过多种无线接入技术重叠覆盖的方式提供安全、可靠、实时的通信服务,非常适合应用在智能配电自动化系统的接入网部分。由于彼此之间资源形式和管控机制各异,异构网络间的协同和融合并不是对多种无线接入技术之间简单的叠加,而是对异构网络资源的高效整合和利用。因此,无线资源管理是实现异构融合网络有序组织和高效利用的关键。在上述背景下,本文紧紧围绕智能配电通信业务的QOS需求,建立了一种面向智能配电的异构融合网络模型,进而对异构模型中的无线资源管理关键技术展开研究,旨在为构建高效稳定的智能配电通信网络和可靠实时的业务服务机制提供一种新思路。
在对异构融合网络互联互通架构、智能配电网对通信系统的要求以及智能配电通信业务分类及需求分析等研究的基础上,提出了一种面向智能配电的异构融合网络模型。该模型突破了传统配电网接入层单一网络覆盖的现状,支持多种无线接入技术重叠覆盖,为智能配电通信业务的实现提供更加可靠和安全的保障。在该异构融合网络的功能架构中采用环境感知网络的概念,对异构网络间的信息交互和资源协同管理提供可行的支持,对配电终端提供透明的服务,支撑高效的异构无线网络资源管理优化决策。
针对异构融合网络中配电通信业务接入网络的选择问题,首先从网络性能的客观角度,提出基于熵权法和灰色关联分析接入选择算法。算法根据接收信号强度、剩余可用资源和当前业务阻塞率构造判决矩阵,通过规范化处理和灰色关联计算得到反映各接入网性能指标水平的灰色关联矩阵,采用熵权法获得各性能的权重,结合关联矩阵得到各异构网络性能排序,按照排序结果将终端接入到最优网络；其次,综合考虑网络性能和业务需求,提出基于粗糙集理论和层次分析法的接入选择算法,该算法以QOS最优化为目标确定能代表网络性能的属性量,利用粗糙集理论和层次分析法分别从网络性能和业务偏好角度确定判决指标的主客观权重,并通过最小二乘法进行折中,动态地为不同属性分配权值,更加合理地评价网络的综合性能,为终端的接入做出最优的选择。
对于异构融合网络的负载均衡问题,首先,从业务的准入控制角度,研究一种基于多目标优化控制的负载均衡算法,算法以业务占用网络资源最少、网络间负载最均衡和业务阻塞率最低构建多目标优化模型,选用高斯和戒上型组合隶属度函数对目标函数进行模糊化处理,通过遗传算法求得业务准入最优方案。其次,从重载网络业务转移的角度,研究基于效用函数和模糊逻辑系统的负载均衡算法,该算法从网络的有效带宽、RT业务的阻塞率和NRT业务的平均传输时间三个方面,设计不同的效用函数,并通过模糊逻辑系统综合考虑网络性能,实现有效地业务转移。
在上述研究的基础上,综合考虑业务的准入控制和重载网络的业务转移,研究智能配电异构融合网络中的混合负载均衡问题。首先,提出基于资源预留与强占机制的混合负载均衡算法,其利用三角模融合算子来进行网络实时负载水平的衡量,对于重载网络转移适量的业务至轻载网络进行服务；并通过基于资源预留和强占优先的准入控制策略对不同类型的新业务按照业务优先级进行服务,保证在网络忙闲时均能使网络间的负载趋于均衡,在保证高优先级的业务得到可靠、高效服务的同时也适当降低了低优先级业务的阻塞率。其次,提出基于0/1规划模型与遗传算法的混合动态负载均衡算法,该算法首先根据异构融合网络中各无线接入网的实时负载水平动态调节重载网络与轻载网络之间的业务量；其次对新产生的配电通信业务,依据业务优先级和QoS需求,构造基于0/1规划的数学模型来描述业务准入控制优化问题,并采用遗传算法求得最优解来为业务分配合理的网络资源,从而有效地控制各接入网络之间的负载均衡。
A communication system with the characteristics of high-speed, bidirectional and integrated is a stable basis for the implementation of the interaction between dynamic real-time information and electric power in smart distribution grid (SDG). The weak link of communication system in SDG is the access network, and there is no single network that is able to meet the industrial grade requirements of the quality of service (QoS) for the communication services in SDG at present. The integration of heterogeneous network is one of the main features in the development of the new generation of wireless communication system. Heterogeneous integrated network can provide safe and reliable real-time communication services through overlapping a coverage with a variety of wireless access technologies, which is promising for application to the access network in SDG Owning to the differences of control mechanisms and resource forms among the heterogeneous networks, it is not a simple superposition of the various wireless access technologies, but an effective integration and utilization of resources in the coordination and integration of the heterogeneous networks. Therefore, wireless resource management is the crux to realize the orderly organization and efficient use of heterogeneous integrated networks. Under the above background and centring on the QoS requirements of communication services in SDG, a heterogeneous network model oriented to SDG is presented and the key technologies of radio resource management of this model are researched in this paper, which is intended to provide a novel mentality of building an efficient stable communication network and reliable real-time business service mechanism in SDG.
On the basis of variable studies of the heterogeneous integrated network interconnection architecture, the requirements of the communication system in SDG and the QoS demand of various types of communication services, a heterogeneous network model oriented to SDG is presented. This model supports to overlap a coverage with a variety of wireless access technologies, breaking through the current situation that there is only one network on the access layer in traditional distribution grid,thus provides more reliable and safer security for the realization of communication services in SDG. The functional architecture of heterogeneous integrated networks that adapts the concept of Ambient Network(AN) is able to provide feasible support of information interaction and collaborative resource management among the heterogeneous networks, afford transparent service for distribution terminals, as well as sustain efficient heterogeneous wireless network resource management optimization decisions.
Two access selection algorithms are proposed to deal with the problem of selecting a suitable network for a distribution communication service in heterogeneous integrated networks. First of all, from the objective perspective of network performance, the entropy-weight and grey relational analysis (E-GRA) based access selection algorithm is presented.A judgment matrix is constructed of the received signal strength, the remaining available resources and the current business blocking rate, and we can get the gray relational matrix reflecting the level of performance of each access network through standardized processing and gray relational calculation. Further, the entropy weight method is adopted to calculate the weight of each parameter reasonably. Combining with the correlation matrix we can get the sort of each heterogeneous network performance. The optimal network will be picked up according to the results of the sort when distribution terminal requests network access or switch. Secondly, by synthesizing network performances and service requirements, a rough set(RS) and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) based access network selection algorithm is discussed. On the basis of satisfying the multi-attribute judgment, the RS theory and AHP are respectively used to determine the subjective and objective weights of network selection indexes. Meanwhile, the least square method is adopted to acquire the compromised weight of each performance index justifiably. The comprehensive performance level of networks and user preferences are both considered in order to improve the accuracy and reasonability of the selection.
Aiming at working out the problem that existing load balancing(LB) algorithms failed to consider the requirements of different types of services sufficiently in heterogeneous integrated networks, two new load balance scheduling algorithms are proposed. In the first place, a multi-objective optimal based service admission control algorithm is proposed, which can be applied in balancing the load rate of heterogeneous networks. An optimized multi-objective control model adopting improved membership function is designed, in which the minimum total occupied resources of distribution services, the minimum service blocking rate and the maximum network load balancing degree of each candidate network are taken as objective functions. The objective membership function, composed of gaussian and upper limit functions, is used to fuzz each objective function, then the fuzzy satisfaction maximum-minimum technique is adopted to reformulate this multi-objective optimization problem into a single objective nonlinear programming problem, and the optimal service access strategy is obtained by the genetic algorithm. In the second place,from the point of service transformation, the needs of different services combined with the actual performance of each available network in heterogeneous environment are taken into account, and proper utility functions and fuzzy logic based load balancing algorithm are developed. Three utility functions are designed to reflect three implementation-specific aspects of network performance, including the effective bandwidth, real-time (RT) calls blocking rate and the average non-real-time (NRT) calls transmission time. Further, a fuzzy logic system is adopted to fulfill the fuzzy decision values of three utility functions. Finally, the load of each network is adjusted according to the fuzzy decision value to achieve equilibrium.
On the basis of the above research, considering the combination of load transfer scheme and call admission control scheme of heterogeneous integrated networks in SDG, two hybrid LB algorithms are discussed. Firstly,based on resource reservation and preemptive priority, the hybrid LB algorithm is proposed. An adequate number of ongoing services can be transferred from overload cells into the overlapping ones with light workload according to the load rate of each cell and terminal mobility.New calls with different priorities are differentially served by means of resource reservation and preemptive priority based admission control strategy. Simulation results show that the algorithm can guarantee the system resource utilization and the QoS of real time and non-real time services, as well as decrease the system call blocking probability and handover rate effectively compared to the reference algorithms.Scondly, we present a0/1programming model and GA based dynamic LB algorithm. Services are dynamically transferred from overload networks into ones with light workload according to the load rate and QoS assurance degree of real time and non-real time services of each candidate networks. The0/1planning based mathematical model is structured to describe the admission control optimization problem of the new power distribution communication services. The genetic algorithm is adopted to obtain the optimal solution to rationally allocating the network resources for the services, so as to effectively control load rates of different access networks.
在对异构融合网络互联互通架构、智能配电网对通信系统的要求以及智能配电通信业务分类及需求分析等研究的基础上,提出了一种面向智能配电的异构融合网络模型。该模型突破了传统配电网接入层单一网络覆盖的现状,支持多种无线接入技术重叠覆盖,为智能配电通信业务的实现提供更加可靠和安全的保障。在该异构融合网络的功能架构中采用环境感知网络的概念,对异构网络间的信息交互和资源协同管理提供可行的支持,对配电终端提供透明的服务,支撑高效的异构无线网络资源管理优化决策。
针对异构融合网络中配电通信业务接入网络的选择问题,首先从网络性能的客观角度,提出基于熵权法和灰色关联分析接入选择算法。算法根据接收信号强度、剩余可用资源和当前业务阻塞率构造判决矩阵,通过规范化处理和灰色关联计算得到反映各接入网性能指标水平的灰色关联矩阵,采用熵权法获得各性能的权重,结合关联矩阵得到各异构网络性能排序,按照排序结果将终端接入到最优网络；其次,综合考虑网络性能和业务需求,提出基于粗糙集理论和层次分析法的接入选择算法,该算法以QOS最优化为目标确定能代表网络性能的属性量,利用粗糙集理论和层次分析法分别从网络性能和业务偏好角度确定判决指标的主客观权重,并通过最小二乘法进行折中,动态地为不同属性分配权值,更加合理地评价网络的综合性能,为终端的接入做出最优的选择。
对于异构融合网络的负载均衡问题,首先,从业务的准入控制角度,研究一种基于多目标优化控制的负载均衡算法,算法以业务占用网络资源最少、网络间负载最均衡和业务阻塞率最低构建多目标优化模型,选用高斯和戒上型组合隶属度函数对目标函数进行模糊化处理,通过遗传算法求得业务准入最优方案。其次,从重载网络业务转移的角度,研究基于效用函数和模糊逻辑系统的负载均衡算法,该算法从网络的有效带宽、RT业务的阻塞率和NRT业务的平均传输时间三个方面,设计不同的效用函数,并通过模糊逻辑系统综合考虑网络性能,实现有效地业务转移。
在上述研究的基础上,综合考虑业务的准入控制和重载网络的业务转移,研究智能配电异构融合网络中的混合负载均衡问题。首先,提出基于资源预留与强占机制的混合负载均衡算法,其利用三角模融合算子来进行网络实时负载水平的衡量,对于重载网络转移适量的业务至轻载网络进行服务；并通过基于资源预留和强占优先的准入控制策略对不同类型的新业务按照业务优先级进行服务,保证在网络忙闲时均能使网络间的负载趋于均衡,在保证高优先级的业务得到可靠、高效服务的同时也适当降低了低优先级业务的阻塞率。其次,提出基于0/1规划模型与遗传算法的混合动态负载均衡算法,该算法首先根据异构融合网络中各无线接入网的实时负载水平动态调节重载网络与轻载网络之间的业务量；其次对新产生的配电通信业务,依据业务优先级和QoS需求,构造基于0/1规划的数学模型来描述业务准入控制优化问题,并采用遗传算法求得最优解来为业务分配合理的网络资源,从而有效地控制各接入网络之间的负载均衡。
A communication system with the characteristics of high-speed, bidirectional and integrated is a stable basis for the implementation of the interaction between dynamic real-time information and electric power in smart distribution grid (SDG). The weak link of communication system in SDG is the access network, and there is no single network that is able to meet the industrial grade requirements of the quality of service (QoS) for the communication services in SDG at present. The integration of heterogeneous network is one of the main features in the development of the new generation of wireless communication system. Heterogeneous integrated network can provide safe and reliable real-time communication services through overlapping a coverage with a variety of wireless access technologies, which is promising for application to the access network in SDG Owning to the differences of control mechanisms and resource forms among the heterogeneous networks, it is not a simple superposition of the various wireless access technologies, but an effective integration and utilization of resources in the coordination and integration of the heterogeneous networks. Therefore, wireless resource management is the crux to realize the orderly organization and efficient use of heterogeneous integrated networks. Under the above background and centring on the QoS requirements of communication services in SDG, a heterogeneous network model oriented to SDG is presented and the key technologies of radio resource management of this model are researched in this paper, which is intended to provide a novel mentality of building an efficient stable communication network and reliable real-time business service mechanism in SDG.
On the basis of variable studies of the heterogeneous integrated network interconnection architecture, the requirements of the communication system in SDG and the QoS demand of various types of communication services, a heterogeneous network model oriented to SDG is presented. This model supports to overlap a coverage with a variety of wireless access technologies, breaking through the current situation that there is only one network on the access layer in traditional distribution grid,thus provides more reliable and safer security for the realization of communication services in SDG. The functional architecture of heterogeneous integrated networks that adapts the concept of Ambient Network(AN) is able to provide feasible support of information interaction and collaborative resource management among the heterogeneous networks, afford transparent service for distribution terminals, as well as sustain efficient heterogeneous wireless network resource management optimization decisions.
Two access selection algorithms are proposed to deal with the problem of selecting a suitable network for a distribution communication service in heterogeneous integrated networks. First of all, from the objective perspective of network performance, the entropy-weight and grey relational analysis (E-GRA) based access selection algorithm is presented.A judgment matrix is constructed of the received signal strength, the remaining available resources and the current business blocking rate, and we can get the gray relational matrix reflecting the level of performance of each access network through standardized processing and gray relational calculation. Further, the entropy weight method is adopted to calculate the weight of each parameter reasonably. Combining with the correlation matrix we can get the sort of each heterogeneous network performance. The optimal network will be picked up according to the results of the sort when distribution terminal requests network access or switch. Secondly, by synthesizing network performances and service requirements, a rough set(RS) and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) based access network selection algorithm is discussed. On the basis of satisfying the multi-attribute judgment, the RS theory and AHP are respectively used to determine the subjective and objective weights of network selection indexes. Meanwhile, the least square method is adopted to acquire the compromised weight of each performance index justifiably. The comprehensive performance level of networks and user preferences are both considered in order to improve the accuracy and reasonability of the selection.
Aiming at working out the problem that existing load balancing(LB) algorithms failed to consider the requirements of different types of services sufficiently in heterogeneous integrated networks, two new load balance scheduling algorithms are proposed. In the first place, a multi-objective optimal based service admission control algorithm is proposed, which can be applied in balancing the load rate of heterogeneous networks. An optimized multi-objective control model adopting improved membership function is designed, in which the minimum total occupied resources of distribution services, the minimum service blocking rate and the maximum network load balancing degree of each candidate network are taken as objective functions. The objective membership function, composed of gaussian and upper limit functions, is used to fuzz each objective function, then the fuzzy satisfaction maximum-minimum technique is adopted to reformulate this multi-objective optimization problem into a single objective nonlinear programming problem, and the optimal service access strategy is obtained by the genetic algorithm. In the second place,from the point of service transformation, the needs of different services combined with the actual performance of each available network in heterogeneous environment are taken into account, and proper utility functions and fuzzy logic based load balancing algorithm are developed. Three utility functions are designed to reflect three implementation-specific aspects of network performance, including the effective bandwidth, real-time (RT) calls blocking rate and the average non-real-time (NRT) calls transmission time. Further, a fuzzy logic system is adopted to fulfill the fuzzy decision values of three utility functions. Finally, the load of each network is adjusted according to the fuzzy decision value to achieve equilibrium.
On the basis of the above research, considering the combination of load transfer scheme and call admission control scheme of heterogeneous integrated networks in SDG, two hybrid LB algorithms are discussed. Firstly,based on resource reservation and preemptive priority, the hybrid LB algorithm is proposed. An adequate number of ongoing services can be transferred from overload cells into the overlapping ones with light workload according to the load rate of each cell and terminal mobility.New calls with different priorities are differentially served by means of resource reservation and preemptive priority based admission control strategy. Simulation results show that the algorithm can guarantee the system resource utilization and the QoS of real time and non-real time services, as well as decrease the system call blocking probability and handover rate effectively compared to the reference algorithms.Scondly, we present a0/1programming model and GA based dynamic LB algorithm. Services are dynamically transferred from overload networks into ones with light workload according to the load rate and QoS assurance degree of real time and non-real time services of each candidate networks. The0/1planning based mathematical model is structured to describe the admission control optimization problem of the new power distribution communication services. The genetic algorithm is adopted to obtain the optimal solution to rationally allocating the network resources for the services, so as to effectively control load rates of different access networks.
引文
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