双前轴转向汽车轮间与轴间侧滑检测系统的研究
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摘要
随着我国汽车工业和道路运输事业的发展,双前轴转向汽车的使用越来越普遍,在道路货运中发挥着日益重要的作用。
这种汽车在使用一段时间后,常会出现转向轮轮胎异常磨损的故障,经过检查主要是由车轮侧滑引起的。车轮侧滑包括轮间侧滑和轴间侧滑。车轮侧滑导致汽车操纵稳定性和直线行驶性变差,加剧了轮胎的异常磨损,使燃料经济性下降。并且当车轮侧滑现象过于严重时,将破坏车轮的附着条件,使汽车丧失定向行驶能力,引起汽车操纵失衡,引发交通事故。为保持双前轴转向汽车具有良好的技术状况,使其安全、低消耗地运行,最有效的办法就是定期对双前轴转向汽车车轮侧滑进行检测和维修。目前我国虽然对于汽车轮间侧滑的检测取得了一定的成就,但是对于双前轴转向汽车轴间侧滑的检测还处于比较落后的阶段。因此,开展对双前轴转向汽车轴间侧滑的检测研究是非常必要和急需的。
本论文首先对双前轴转向汽车轮间与轴间侧滑的机理进行理论分析,进而研究双前轴转向汽车轴间侧滑的检测原理与方法,并利用运动分析研究前后转向轴分别上台检测所得到的轴间侧滑量之间的关系,而且结合试验推导引起轴间侧滑的前后转向轴每个轴的轴偏角数学表达式。在此基础上,开发双前轴转向汽车轮间与轴间侧滑检测系统,实现对双前轴转向汽车轮间侧滑量及轴间侧滑量的一体化检测,解决现有侧滑台无法检测双前轴转向汽车轴间侧滑量的现状。最后,对本检测系统进行标定以及对侧滑试验台示值误差测量结果的可靠程度进行不确定度的评定,并应用该检测系统对三台不同型号的双前轴转向汽车做实车试验,通过试验结果验证理论的正确性。
With the development of automobile industry and road transport in our country, the use of double-front-axle steering truck is more and more widespread. Double-front-axle steering truck plays an increasingly important role in the road freight.
As a result of this kind of automobile to increase in the number of Steering axles, it often appears the unusual tyre abrasion of steering wheel in the use of long time. After inspection, the abrasion is caused by wheel sideslip which happen when wheel rolls. Wheel sideslip include sideslip between wheels and sideslip between axles. Sideslip between wheels is accustomed wheel sideslip,namely, because of the parameter matching of the wheel location improperly, especially the matching between the wheel toe-in and the wheel camber angle improperly, the phenomenon makes the wheel slide to left or right relatively to the ground when the automobile travels in the beeline. Sideslip between axles is defined that the two steering axles of double-front-axle steering truck can not harmoniously cooperate because the abrasion of the steering system with between pieces, undercarriage distortion, axle distortion, and U-shaped bolt etc, they deflect along different direction separately, which lead to axles horizontal sideslip. Wheel sideslip affect the controlling stability of automobile and straight driving of automobile, consume more fuel and aggravate tyre abrasion. And the phenomena of wheel sideslip is too serious, which will sabotage the attached conditions of wheels, make vehicle lose traffic capacity of definite direction, cause traffic accidents. In order to maintain the double-front-axle steering truck has good technical condition, its security, low operation, the most effective way is to carry out a regular testing and maintenance for the sideslip between axles of the double-front-axle steering truck. At present, our country has certain achievements on the detection technology of sideslip between wheels, but the detection technology of sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck still in a relatively backward stage. So, it is very necessary and urgently needed to carry out the research on the detection of sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck.
In view of this phenomenon, the purpose of the study is to develop a detection system of sideslip between wheels and sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck in this paper. In order to achieve the detection of integrative sideslip between wheels and sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck, to solve the incapability of detecting sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck by original tester. The detection system will eventually be used in modern automotive performance testing online, to achieve rapid detection network.
This paper’s research includes mainly the following aspects:
1. Theoretical analysis on the mechanism of the sideslip between wheels and sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck
At present, our country has certain achievements on the detection technology of automobile sideslip between wheels.So,this paper only make a simple analysis on the mechanism of the sideslip between wheels, as for the detection principles and methods of automobile sideslip between wheels not to repeat. For the sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck, firstly, we analyze the influence of steering axles deflection to automotive usage performance, that is, respectively carry on the theoretical analysis from its influence to the controlling stability of automobile and straight driving of automobile. Then we research on the mechanism of the sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck and sum up the rule of unusual tyre abrasion. This provides a theoretical basis to the detection principle of sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck.
2. Research on the detection principle and method of sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck
Firstly, research on the detection principle of sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck. Secondly, on this basis, using kinematical analysis to come the relationship between the sideslip quantities between axles of front and back steering axles when measured each time. And combining test, we educe the mathematical expression of each axles deflective angle of front and back steering axles.The axles deflective angle is caused by sideslip between axles. Then, we carry on theoretical analysis to the detection method of sideslip between axles.
3. Development and design on the detection system of sideslip between wheels and sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck
The mechanical structure of sideslip tester is developed and designed on the Solidworks platform. It based on double-board- linkage sideslip tester, increased a translational agency and improved measuring devices can detect sideslip between wheels and sideslip between axles directly. The detection system also includes hardware design and software design, so that the detection system in the data collection, processing and testing methods with greater flexibility to adapt scientific research, and teaching needs, and to adapt to the requirements of online detection: Can all networking, rapid, automatic detection, print statements ,etc.
4. Experimental Verification on the detection system of sideslip between wheels and sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck
According to the national standards GB11798.1-2001 " Skateboards- automobile sideslip tester’s verification technical conditions" in the automobile sideslip between wheels’technical requirements ,the paper carry on demarcating to this detection system. Then the paper gives an evaluation to the indetermination degree of measure results about the sideslip tester indication error. At last, we apply this detection system to do the practical experiment for three different models of double-front-axle steering truck. The results showed that: The measured data accord with the theoretical analysis. The practical experiment proves that the system can be used in the detection of the sideslip.
This paper developed the detection system of sideslip between wheels and sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck which can be rapid, effective and accurate detection of sideslip between wheels and sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck improve the detection of the traditional clumsy method of the sideslip between axles, realize intelligent detection of the sideslip between axles, enhancing the efficiency of detection, realizing multi-function of tester, and reducing the cost of testing equipment. Using this detection system to check and adjust vehicles, can guarantee that the vehicles have the best controlling stability and ensure traffic safety, reduce the poor state of the wheel alignment to a traffic accident. And can greatly reduce unusual tyre abrasion. Reduce vehicle users in economic losses, and its indirect economic benefits are substantial. It’s a very beneficial to the development of social and economic.
这种汽车在使用一段时间后,常会出现转向轮轮胎异常磨损的故障,经过检查主要是由车轮侧滑引起的。车轮侧滑包括轮间侧滑和轴间侧滑。车轮侧滑导致汽车操纵稳定性和直线行驶性变差,加剧了轮胎的异常磨损,使燃料经济性下降。并且当车轮侧滑现象过于严重时,将破坏车轮的附着条件,使汽车丧失定向行驶能力,引起汽车操纵失衡,引发交通事故。为保持双前轴转向汽车具有良好的技术状况,使其安全、低消耗地运行,最有效的办法就是定期对双前轴转向汽车车轮侧滑进行检测和维修。目前我国虽然对于汽车轮间侧滑的检测取得了一定的成就,但是对于双前轴转向汽车轴间侧滑的检测还处于比较落后的阶段。因此,开展对双前轴转向汽车轴间侧滑的检测研究是非常必要和急需的。
本论文首先对双前轴转向汽车轮间与轴间侧滑的机理进行理论分析,进而研究双前轴转向汽车轴间侧滑的检测原理与方法,并利用运动分析研究前后转向轴分别上台检测所得到的轴间侧滑量之间的关系,而且结合试验推导引起轴间侧滑的前后转向轴每个轴的轴偏角数学表达式。在此基础上,开发双前轴转向汽车轮间与轴间侧滑检测系统,实现对双前轴转向汽车轮间侧滑量及轴间侧滑量的一体化检测,解决现有侧滑台无法检测双前轴转向汽车轴间侧滑量的现状。最后,对本检测系统进行标定以及对侧滑试验台示值误差测量结果的可靠程度进行不确定度的评定,并应用该检测系统对三台不同型号的双前轴转向汽车做实车试验,通过试验结果验证理论的正确性。
With the development of automobile industry and road transport in our country, the use of double-front-axle steering truck is more and more widespread. Double-front-axle steering truck plays an increasingly important role in the road freight.
As a result of this kind of automobile to increase in the number of Steering axles, it often appears the unusual tyre abrasion of steering wheel in the use of long time. After inspection, the abrasion is caused by wheel sideslip which happen when wheel rolls. Wheel sideslip include sideslip between wheels and sideslip between axles. Sideslip between wheels is accustomed wheel sideslip,namely, because of the parameter matching of the wheel location improperly, especially the matching between the wheel toe-in and the wheel camber angle improperly, the phenomenon makes the wheel slide to left or right relatively to the ground when the automobile travels in the beeline. Sideslip between axles is defined that the two steering axles of double-front-axle steering truck can not harmoniously cooperate because the abrasion of the steering system with between pieces, undercarriage distortion, axle distortion, and U-shaped bolt etc, they deflect along different direction separately, which lead to axles horizontal sideslip. Wheel sideslip affect the controlling stability of automobile and straight driving of automobile, consume more fuel and aggravate tyre abrasion. And the phenomena of wheel sideslip is too serious, which will sabotage the attached conditions of wheels, make vehicle lose traffic capacity of definite direction, cause traffic accidents. In order to maintain the double-front-axle steering truck has good technical condition, its security, low operation, the most effective way is to carry out a regular testing and maintenance for the sideslip between axles of the double-front-axle steering truck. At present, our country has certain achievements on the detection technology of sideslip between wheels, but the detection technology of sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck still in a relatively backward stage. So, it is very necessary and urgently needed to carry out the research on the detection of sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck.
In view of this phenomenon, the purpose of the study is to develop a detection system of sideslip between wheels and sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck in this paper. In order to achieve the detection of integrative sideslip between wheels and sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck, to solve the incapability of detecting sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck by original tester. The detection system will eventually be used in modern automotive performance testing online, to achieve rapid detection network.
This paper’s research includes mainly the following aspects:
1. Theoretical analysis on the mechanism of the sideslip between wheels and sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck
At present, our country has certain achievements on the detection technology of automobile sideslip between wheels.So,this paper only make a simple analysis on the mechanism of the sideslip between wheels, as for the detection principles and methods of automobile sideslip between wheels not to repeat. For the sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck, firstly, we analyze the influence of steering axles deflection to automotive usage performance, that is, respectively carry on the theoretical analysis from its influence to the controlling stability of automobile and straight driving of automobile. Then we research on the mechanism of the sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck and sum up the rule of unusual tyre abrasion. This provides a theoretical basis to the detection principle of sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck.
2. Research on the detection principle and method of sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck
Firstly, research on the detection principle of sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck. Secondly, on this basis, using kinematical analysis to come the relationship between the sideslip quantities between axles of front and back steering axles when measured each time. And combining test, we educe the mathematical expression of each axles deflective angle of front and back steering axles.The axles deflective angle is caused by sideslip between axles. Then, we carry on theoretical analysis to the detection method of sideslip between axles.
3. Development and design on the detection system of sideslip between wheels and sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck
The mechanical structure of sideslip tester is developed and designed on the Solidworks platform. It based on double-board- linkage sideslip tester, increased a translational agency and improved measuring devices can detect sideslip between wheels and sideslip between axles directly. The detection system also includes hardware design and software design, so that the detection system in the data collection, processing and testing methods with greater flexibility to adapt scientific research, and teaching needs, and to adapt to the requirements of online detection: Can all networking, rapid, automatic detection, print statements ,etc.
4. Experimental Verification on the detection system of sideslip between wheels and sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck
According to the national standards GB11798.1-2001 " Skateboards- automobile sideslip tester’s verification technical conditions" in the automobile sideslip between wheels’technical requirements ,the paper carry on demarcating to this detection system. Then the paper gives an evaluation to the indetermination degree of measure results about the sideslip tester indication error. At last, we apply this detection system to do the practical experiment for three different models of double-front-axle steering truck. The results showed that: The measured data accord with the theoretical analysis. The practical experiment proves that the system can be used in the detection of the sideslip.
This paper developed the detection system of sideslip between wheels and sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck which can be rapid, effective and accurate detection of sideslip between wheels and sideslip between axles for double-front-axle steering truck improve the detection of the traditional clumsy method of the sideslip between axles, realize intelligent detection of the sideslip between axles, enhancing the efficiency of detection, realizing multi-function of tester, and reducing the cost of testing equipment. Using this detection system to check and adjust vehicles, can guarantee that the vehicles have the best controlling stability and ensure traffic safety, reduce the poor state of the wheel alignment to a traffic accident. And can greatly reduce unusual tyre abrasion. Reduce vehicle users in economic losses, and its indirect economic benefits are substantial. It’s a very beneficial to the development of social and economic.
引文
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