组合式电子收费系统的研究及车道优化设计
摘要
电子收费(Electronic Toll Collection ETC)技术是目前国际上正在努力开发并推广普及的一种用于公路、桥梁和隧道的新型电子自动收费技术。采用ETC技术不但可以极大地提高收费广场的通行能力,同时也能大大地降低收费车辆的延误,增加车辆行驶的舒适程度,减少车辆在排队等候中的尾气排放。然而,电子收费系统的建立受到经济基础、金融体制以及道路管理结构等因素的制约。另外,还需考虑现行的道路收费体系,就收费广场的设计而言,也很难考虑一次性改为全ETC方式。在很长一段时期内,我国的收费体系将会是停车收费与不停车收费两种收费方式并存,因此,本文针对我国联网收费大环境,结合目前各地对ETC系统的不同需求及试用情况,提出了一种兼容人工半自动收费(Manual Semi-automatic Toll Collection MTC)的电子收费技术方案—“两片式电子标签+双界面CPU卡”的组合式电子收费技术方案。使用两片式电子标签加双界面CPU卡以不停车方式通过ETC车道;对于一般人工半自动收费车道只需拔出双界面CPU卡,短暂停车刷卡通过MTC车道。文中对该组合式电子收费系统进行了详细、深入的研究,阐明了组合式电子收费系统的运行模式。
在采用组合式收费方式的收费站设计中,必须精确地计算出使用不停车收费车道的车辆数,即所提供的车道数必须能够满足使用电子标签的车辆使用,本文旨在讨论高速公路收费系统升级至组合式收费系统这一必然过程中所需解决的车道合理配置和优化的问题。在充分分析收费站处交通流特性的基础上,建立了基于系统费用损失最小化的非线性整数规划模型,并编制了改进遗传算法的优化配置程序ETC-Optimization,分析结果表明系统损失费用是车道闲置时间和车辆等待时间的函数,在ETC装备率不同的情况下,应合理配置ETC车道数目。
Electronic Toll Collection technology (ETC) is one kind of new electronic automatic toll technology on international, which is developing and promoted popular diligently in the road, the bridge and the tunnel at present. Applying ETC will not only enhance the capacity of toll plaza, but also reduce the charge vehicles' delay, enhance the comfortableness, reduce the gas-let during the waiting time. Therefore, ETC has become the developing direction of charge technology. The ingredients such as economy base, finance system and roadway management frame, etc restrict Applying ETC. In addition, the existing roadway toll system should be considered. Take toll plaza for example, it will be quite difficult to be entirely ETC. In a long period, the toll collection system in China will be combination of stop toll collection and non-stop toll collection. In view of our country networking charge macro environment and at present each place to ETC system has different demand and test situation, this paper produces a electronic toll technology mode that is combined with Manual Semi-automatic Toll Collection (MTC)—the Combined ETC Application Solution of two pieces ETC tag plus dual interface CPU card. Non-parking with tag and card passes ETC lane and transitory parking with card only for common MTC lane. This paper studies on the system minutely and thoroughly. And the operating type is illustrated.
Designing toll station that uses combined toll collection system, should calculate the amount of vehicles, which use non-stop toll collection roadway. As the amount of roadways provided must be capable of meeting needs of vehicles using electronic labels. On the basis of fully analyzing the traffic stream features at toll collection stations, this paper sets up non-linear integer planning model that minimizes system cost. An optimized configuration program that improves genetic algorithm, MTC-Optimization is complied. The analysis results show that , system loss cost is the function of the unused time of lane and vehicles’waiting time .Under the circumstance of different ETC equipment rates ,it is necessary to configure the number of lanes reasonably.
在采用组合式收费方式的收费站设计中,必须精确地计算出使用不停车收费车道的车辆数,即所提供的车道数必须能够满足使用电子标签的车辆使用,本文旨在讨论高速公路收费系统升级至组合式收费系统这一必然过程中所需解决的车道合理配置和优化的问题。在充分分析收费站处交通流特性的基础上,建立了基于系统费用损失最小化的非线性整数规划模型,并编制了改进遗传算法的优化配置程序ETC-Optimization,分析结果表明系统损失费用是车道闲置时间和车辆等待时间的函数,在ETC装备率不同的情况下,应合理配置ETC车道数目。
Electronic Toll Collection technology (ETC) is one kind of new electronic automatic toll technology on international, which is developing and promoted popular diligently in the road, the bridge and the tunnel at present. Applying ETC will not only enhance the capacity of toll plaza, but also reduce the charge vehicles' delay, enhance the comfortableness, reduce the gas-let during the waiting time. Therefore, ETC has become the developing direction of charge technology. The ingredients such as economy base, finance system and roadway management frame, etc restrict Applying ETC. In addition, the existing roadway toll system should be considered. Take toll plaza for example, it will be quite difficult to be entirely ETC. In a long period, the toll collection system in China will be combination of stop toll collection and non-stop toll collection. In view of our country networking charge macro environment and at present each place to ETC system has different demand and test situation, this paper produces a electronic toll technology mode that is combined with Manual Semi-automatic Toll Collection (MTC)—the Combined ETC Application Solution of two pieces ETC tag plus dual interface CPU card. Non-parking with tag and card passes ETC lane and transitory parking with card only for common MTC lane. This paper studies on the system minutely and thoroughly. And the operating type is illustrated.
Designing toll station that uses combined toll collection system, should calculate the amount of vehicles, which use non-stop toll collection roadway. As the amount of roadways provided must be capable of meeting needs of vehicles using electronic labels. On the basis of fully analyzing the traffic stream features at toll collection stations, this paper sets up non-linear integer planning model that minimizes system cost. An optimized configuration program that improves genetic algorithm, MTC-Optimization is complied. The analysis results show that , system loss cost is the function of the unused time of lane and vehicles’waiting time .Under the circumstance of different ETC equipment rates ,it is necessary to configure the number of lanes reasonably.
引文
[1]刘伟铭,王哲人,郑西涛.高速公路收费系统理论与方法[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000.12-36
[2]许宏科,赵祥模,关可.高速公路收费系统理论及应用[M].北京:电子上业出版社,2003.1-28
[3]郭敏.高速公路收费系统[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.20-37
[4]刘伟铭.道路收费系统的优化模型及算法一一路网收费费率、收费道路网及收费系统的优化[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.13-18
[5]刘伟铭。高速公路系统控制方法[M]。北京:人民交通出版社,1998.20-25
[6]王小平,曹立明.遗传算法——理论、应用与软件实现[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002.12-20
[7]刘伟铭.道路收费系统的优化方法研究[D].国防科学技术大学博士学位论文[D],2004.3-6
[8]刘浩.混合式收费站收费车道设置的研究[D].交通部公路科技研究所硕士学位论文.2002.1-16
[9]张毅.组合式收费系统车道子系统的优化设计研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2006.1-70
[10]马二顺.不停车收费系统的研究及车道设计「D].长安大学硕士学位论.1-14
[11]董楠.高速公路收费系统的设计及实现「D].东北大学硕士学位论文,2005.1-16
[12]边艳妮.组合式电子收费系统的研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2006.1-31
[13]黄汉志.高速公路 ETC 效益评价与车道优化配置[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2005。47-55 [14 ]刘伟铭,管丽萍,尹相源.基于神经网络的 ETC 收费广场服务水平分类方法研究[J].交通运输工程学报,2003,3:93-95
[15]王笑京、蔡华等,联网收费新形势下的组合式电子收费技术方案[J],交通部公路科学 研究所,2000 年
[16]刘伟铭.组合式收费系统最优车道配置方法[J].中国交通研究与探索(下册).北京:人民交通出版社,2003: 81-85.
[17]张卫钢,荆便顺.ETC 车道的设计与研究[J].西安公路交通大学学报,2001,21(1):81-84
[18]戴连贵、罗瑞发、沈斌、陆亚兴,一种适合国情的“联网收费一卡通行”解决方案 ——基于“两片式电子标签十双界面 CPU 卡”的组合式收费系统,第一届全国公路科技创新高层论坛论文集,智能交通与机电工程卷[4]
[19]杨伟明,奇军.高速公路组合式电子不停车收费系统[J].江苏交通,2003,(6): 32-33
[20]吴穗湘,戴连贵.高速公路多种收费环境下的组合式收费技术方案研究[J].中国交通信息产业,2005.9, (63): 58-59.
[21]许晓辉,朱桂新,李希一文.虎门大桥组合式 ETC 系统实施与运营[J].交通与计算机,2003.3, 21(3): 27-29
[22]戴连贵,吴穗湘.浅谈高速公路组合式收费技术[J].广东科技,2005.9:
[23]赵红英,郑国强,鲍建军.不停车收费系统概述[J].浙江交通职业技术学院学报,2005.9, 6(3): 39-42.
[24]张玉辉,邓伟.ETC 的现状及发展趋势[J].国际智能交通,2003.3: 26-29
[25]温炳.不停车收费系统(ETC)及其应用[J].山西交通科技,2003.10,129-131
[26]孙婧.粤通卡不断延伸服务[J].中国交通信息产业,2005.9, (63): 49-50
[27]倪津.提升高速公路通行能力之捷径—组合式联网收费系统[J].城市公共交通,2003.2,(1)28-30 文.2003. [28 ]Weiming Liu,Baifu Wang. Studies on some problems met in developing electronic toll collection (ETC) system in China. Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies,1999(2): 245-302.
[29]David Levinson ,Elva Chang .A model for optimizing electronic toll collection systems. Transportation Research A, 2003,37:.293-314.
[30] Jess s .Bornoico, Philip H. Siegel..Capacity planning for toll roadways incorporating consumer wait time costs. Transportation Research A, 1998,32(4): 297-310.
[31]Alexander,M.Going down the road feeling smart,Computerworld,1990,24(11)
[32]Blackwell , G . Traffic monitoring system helps Ontario motorists . Computing Canada,1988,14(3):28
[33] Esogbue,A.Dynamic programming and optimal control of variable multichannel Stochastic service systems with applications.Mathematical Biosciences,1969,5:133-142
[34]Grassman,W.Transient and steady-state results for two parallel queues.International Journal of Management Science,1980,8(1):105-112
[35]Green,L.A queuing system with general-use and limited-use servers.Operations Research,1985,33(1):168-182
[36] Hall,R.and Daganzo,C.Tandem toll booths for the Golden Gate Bridge.Study conducted by the Institute of Transportation Studies,report#UCB-ITS-RR-82-7,1982
[37]Elva Chang Chia-Huei, David Levinson,and David Gillen1998.User’s Manual For Computerized Benefit-Cost Analysis Of Electronic Toll Collection System(October 28 1998)Filed As Part Of MOU-357
[38]Hensher David. Electronic Toll Collection Transportation Research Part A-General, Jan,1991,V25 N1:9-16
[39] David Levinson ,Elva Chang. Developing Electronic Tolls. California PATH Research Report UCB-ITS-PRR-2000-11
[40]Pan,Da-ren,,Analysis of tag-position location in electronic toll collection system,Gongku Jiaotong Keji/Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Dvelopment,v17,n1,200
[41]Chang,Edmond Chin-Ping、Lai, Benny, Liu, Kuo-Ching, Electronic toll collection system sustainable operational considerations, Proceedings of the International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering,
[42]华兴,(美)编著.排队论与随机服务系统.上海:上海翻译出版公司
[43]雷英杰,张善文,李续武等.Matlab 遗传算法工具箱及应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005
[44] Kouji IZUHARA Hiroshi MATSUI Motohiro FUJI-TA Yuhsuke SEWAKI&Nobuki KUJIMA. Theoretical study on optimal combination of gates for electronic toll collection system 2001 世界 ITS 大会
[45]罗荣桂.排队模型及应用.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1990;44 一 52
[2]许宏科,赵祥模,关可.高速公路收费系统理论及应用[M].北京:电子上业出版社,2003.1-28
[3]郭敏.高速公路收费系统[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.20-37
[4]刘伟铭.道路收费系统的优化模型及算法一一路网收费费率、收费道路网及收费系统的优化[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.13-18
[5]刘伟铭。高速公路系统控制方法[M]。北京:人民交通出版社,1998.20-25
[6]王小平,曹立明.遗传算法——理论、应用与软件实现[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002.12-20
[7]刘伟铭.道路收费系统的优化方法研究[D].国防科学技术大学博士学位论文[D],2004.3-6
[8]刘浩.混合式收费站收费车道设置的研究[D].交通部公路科技研究所硕士学位论文.2002.1-16
[9]张毅.组合式收费系统车道子系统的优化设计研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2006.1-70
[10]马二顺.不停车收费系统的研究及车道设计「D].长安大学硕士学位论.1-14
[11]董楠.高速公路收费系统的设计及实现「D].东北大学硕士学位论文,2005.1-16
[12]边艳妮.组合式电子收费系统的研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2006.1-31
[13]黄汉志.高速公路 ETC 效益评价与车道优化配置[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2005。47-55 [14 ]刘伟铭,管丽萍,尹相源.基于神经网络的 ETC 收费广场服务水平分类方法研究[J].交通运输工程学报,2003,3:93-95
[15]王笑京、蔡华等,联网收费新形势下的组合式电子收费技术方案[J],交通部公路科学 研究所,2000 年
[16]刘伟铭.组合式收费系统最优车道配置方法[J].中国交通研究与探索(下册).北京:人民交通出版社,2003: 81-85.
[17]张卫钢,荆便顺.ETC 车道的设计与研究[J].西安公路交通大学学报,2001,21(1):81-84
[18]戴连贵、罗瑞发、沈斌、陆亚兴,一种适合国情的“联网收费一卡通行”解决方案 ——基于“两片式电子标签十双界面 CPU 卡”的组合式收费系统,第一届全国公路科技创新高层论坛论文集,智能交通与机电工程卷[4]
[19]杨伟明,奇军.高速公路组合式电子不停车收费系统[J].江苏交通,2003,(6): 32-33
[20]吴穗湘,戴连贵.高速公路多种收费环境下的组合式收费技术方案研究[J].中国交通信息产业,2005.9, (63): 58-59.
[21]许晓辉,朱桂新,李希一文.虎门大桥组合式 ETC 系统实施与运营[J].交通与计算机,2003.3, 21(3): 27-29
[22]戴连贵,吴穗湘.浅谈高速公路组合式收费技术[J].广东科技,2005.9:
[23]赵红英,郑国强,鲍建军.不停车收费系统概述[J].浙江交通职业技术学院学报,2005.9, 6(3): 39-42.
[24]张玉辉,邓伟.ETC 的现状及发展趋势[J].国际智能交通,2003.3: 26-29
[25]温炳.不停车收费系统(ETC)及其应用[J].山西交通科技,2003.10,129-131
[26]孙婧.粤通卡不断延伸服务[J].中国交通信息产业,2005.9, (63): 49-50
[27]倪津.提升高速公路通行能力之捷径—组合式联网收费系统[J].城市公共交通,2003.2,(1)28-30 文.2003. [28 ]Weiming Liu,Baifu Wang. Studies on some problems met in developing electronic toll collection (ETC) system in China. Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies,1999(2): 245-302.
[29]David Levinson ,Elva Chang .A model for optimizing electronic toll collection systems. Transportation Research A, 2003,37:.293-314.
[30] Jess s .Bornoico, Philip H. Siegel..Capacity planning for toll roadways incorporating consumer wait time costs. Transportation Research A, 1998,32(4): 297-310.
[31]Alexander,M.Going down the road feeling smart,Computerworld,1990,24(11)
[32]Blackwell , G . Traffic monitoring system helps Ontario motorists . Computing Canada,1988,14(3):28
[33] Esogbue,A.Dynamic programming and optimal control of variable multichannel Stochastic service systems with applications.Mathematical Biosciences,1969,5:133-142
[34]Grassman,W.Transient and steady-state results for two parallel queues.International Journal of Management Science,1980,8(1):105-112
[35]Green,L.A queuing system with general-use and limited-use servers.Operations Research,1985,33(1):168-182
[36] Hall,R.and Daganzo,C.Tandem toll booths for the Golden Gate Bridge.Study conducted by the Institute of Transportation Studies,report#UCB-ITS-RR-82-7,1982
[37]Elva Chang Chia-Huei, David Levinson,and David Gillen1998.User’s Manual For Computerized Benefit-Cost Analysis Of Electronic Toll Collection System(October 28 1998)Filed As Part Of MOU-357
[38]Hensher David. Electronic Toll Collection Transportation Research Part A-General, Jan,1991,V25 N1:9-16
[39] David Levinson ,Elva Chang. Developing Electronic Tolls. California PATH Research Report UCB-ITS-PRR-2000-11
[40]Pan,Da-ren,,Analysis of tag-position location in electronic toll collection system,Gongku Jiaotong Keji/Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Dvelopment,v17,n1,200
[41]Chang,Edmond Chin-Ping、Lai, Benny, Liu, Kuo-Ching, Electronic toll collection system sustainable operational considerations, Proceedings of the International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering,
[42]华兴,(美)编著.排队论与随机服务系统.上海:上海翻译出版公司
[43]雷英杰,张善文,李续武等.Matlab 遗传算法工具箱及应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005
[44] Kouji IZUHARA Hiroshi MATSUI Motohiro FUJI-TA Yuhsuke SEWAKI&Nobuki KUJIMA. Theoretical study on optimal combination of gates for electronic toll collection system 2001 世界 ITS 大会
[45]罗荣桂.排队模型及应用.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1990;44 一 52