广西高校竞技啦啦队运动发展现状及对策研究
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摘要
目前啦啦队运动在我国高校开展得如火如荼,广西是引入和推广啦啦队运动最早的地区之一,其高校竞技啦啦队运动水平在全国处于领先地位,各高校代表队多次在全国乃至国际啦啦队大赛中取得优异成绩,是我国高校竞技啦啦队运动发展的主流,在啦啦队运动向全国推广的过程中起到了模范带头作用。本研究运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、录像分析法、问卷调查法等对广西高校竞技啦啦队发展的现状进行了全面细致的调查与分析,找出广西高校竞技啦啦队运动在发展过程中存在的主要问题,并提出相应的对策与建议。以期为职能管理部门提供理论参考,加快广西高校竞技啦啦队运动的发展步伐,尽快实现与国际接轨的愿望。
研究结果显示:(1)啦啦队运动作为高等院校的一种体育文化,在培养和完善大学生的人格素质,丰富高校校园文化,培养学生的领导能力、意志品质、团队精神、纪律观念、竞争意识、自信心等方面起到了良好的作用。(2)广西高校竞技啦啦队在参加全国及国际啦啦队大赛中取得较好成绩,为我国啦啦队运动的普及和推广起到了先锋模范作用。但与世界水平相比还存在很大的差距,主要体现在运动员生源匮乏,后备力量严重不足。(3)广西高校竞技啦啦队运动训练的时间段主要集中在晚上、周末及假期,以赛前临时组队训练为主要形式,大多数学校不能保持训练的长期性和系统性,与教练员所认同的学校应该保持常年训练相违背。(4)广西高校拥有一支年轻的啦啦队教练员队伍,本科学历者占多数,他们带队训练的时间短,一般在2～3年,受学校体育经费及领导重视程度的制约,参加国家培训与学习的机会少,学术研讨与交流不够。(5)运动员以女生为主,男运动员缺乏,大多数为大二、大三学生,大部分运动员训练的年限短,处于训练的初级阶段,但是他们参加比赛的级别高,积累了一定的比赛经验,对于啦啦队运动这个新兴项目,广西高校竞技啦啦队运动水平还具有很大的提升空间。(6)广西高校竞技啦啦队运动以舞蹈啦啦队运动为主线,在起步的初始阶段,强调百花齐放,百家争鸣,为增加比赛的观赏性,道具及舞蹈元素的运用呈现多样化。由于运动员体育基础差,接触与啦啦队运动相关运动经历的机会少,教练员、运动员对技巧动作的训练方法掌握欠缺,安全隐患存在等一系列原因,导致学校很难组建高水平的技巧啦啦队。(7)后备人才因素是制约广西高校竞技啦啦队运动发展的最主要因素,体育经费、科学化训练水平、师资力量、竞赛规则、运动员学习与训练的矛盾、领导重视程度及学校管理机制等也不同程度地影响与制约着广西高校竞技啦啦队运动的发展。
笔者根据广西高校竞技啦啦队运动的现状及存在的问题,主要从组织管理、运动训练、俱乐部发展、社会发展、商业运作、国际化发展等方面提出相应的对策与措施,具体如下:改革与创新广西高校竞技啦啦队运动管理体制;发展“小学—中学—大学”一条龙的培养方式;成立大学生啦啦队教学俱乐部及课外啦啦队锻炼俱乐部;提高教师教练员队伍的创新能力,加强教师后备力量的培养;加强对运动员操化动作的力度及身体姿态控制能力的训练;提升运动员的艺术表现力;发放运动安全手册,进行科学训练;与我国体操、技巧等优势项目相结合;组建高水平俱乐部啦啦队,培育和完善高校啦啦队运动竞赛市场;在社会管理模式下创办自主型高水平竞技啦啦队;调整自身机制,开发商业化途径,进一步发展产业,塑造市场;走国际化发展道路;为奥运赛场输送文明啦啦队。
Nowadays Cheer Team trends toward sports are growing fast and Guangxi is the one of the region to have Cheer Team in the earliest time, which lead the other of its counterpart nationwide, the Cheer Team in many universities and colleges in this region have won many times in the National Cheer Team Contest and even in the Worldwide Cheer Team contest, which has been growing into the main stream as the example to the other regions nationwide. This research is based on the status quo of the Cheer Team in Guangxi region by take use of the Data Analysing Method, Interviewing Experts, Video Analysis Method and Qustionaire, by this research to find out the main problems in the development of Guangxi Cheery Team and hence to work out the corresponding approach to solve these problems.
Research results show that: (1) as a kind of sport culture of colleges and universities, cheerleading sport plays a fine role in riching compus culture of universities, cultivating leading ability, will quality, teamwork, discipline, competition and self-confidence of students. (2) cheerleading teams came from universities of Guangxi province have gained goods results from competitions both at home and abroad, which play a vanguard and exemplary role in popularizing and promoting cheerleading movements of our country. But, it still has great distance compared with international level, which is incarnated in lacking of student athletes and poor backup forces. (3) Training period of cheerleading teams in colleges and universities of Guangxi mainly concentrates on evening, weekends and holidays, which is in the form of organizing training before competitions; most of colleges and universities are unable to keep long-term and systematic training, which is against with the recognition of coaches who think that college shall keep long-term traning. (4) colleges and universities in Guangxi province have a team with young cheerleading coaches, among them, with more than half have degrees; their training time usually is not very long, which at most time is 2-3 years; for limitation of sports funding and attentions form school leaders, they seldom have the chances to engage in national training and learning, therefore, opportunities to take part in academic research and communication ae also not enough. At present, Cheerleading teams carrie out in collegs and universities of our country are in full swing, and Guangxi province is one the earliest areas that instruced and publicized the cheerleading movements; its sports standards of cheerleading team in collegs and universities are ranking leading position in the whole country, and representative team of all colleges and unersities have won excellent results in cheerleading competitions both at home and abrod; it is the mainsteam for development of cheerleading sports in athletic competitions of colleges and universities in our country, and has played a leading role in pulication process of cheerleading activities in the whole country. This paper made careful investigation and analysis to developmental status quo of athletic cheerleading teams in colleges and universities of Guangxi province, and found out main problems existed in development process. Finally, it brings forward corresponding strategies and suggestions so as to provide theoritical reference for functional management departments, and accelerate the development of athletic cheerleading teams in colleges and universities of Guangxi province to realize its dream to merge with the world. (5) Athletes are mainly female, thus, lack of male athletes; and most of them are sophomore and junior students, most of them with very short training experience. While, grades that they took part in were very high, and accumulated a certain degree of experience; for this new project, there are great adavncing space for promoting level of athlete cheerleading teams in colleges and universities of Guangxi province. (6) Competitive cheerleading activities from colleges and universities of Guangxi province are mainly dance cheerleading teams; at its initial stage of starting, attentions are placed on varieties so as to increase the watchability of competitions, and the usage of props and dance elements shall be diversified. For poor basis of athletes, and with little chance to contact with experience of cheerleading activities, training methods of coaches and athelets to skill movements are not so good, and existing a series reasons as security risks; all these are the reasons that why establishment of high level cheerleading teams has great dificulties. (7) The factor that lacking of backup talents is the most important factor that constrains the development of cheerleading teams in colleges and universities of Guangxi province; some other factors as contradictions between sport fundings, scientific training ability, faculty, competition rules, and athletes learning with training, attentions from leaders as well as school management mechanism also have a certain degree of influences and contrains to development of cheerleading teams in colleges and universities of Guangxi province.
Based on the status quo and existing problems of competition cheerleading sports in colleges and universities of Guangxi province, the author put forward corresponding strategies and measure from those aspects as organizational management, training, the club development, social development, business operations, international development. Details are as below: reform and innovate management mechanism of competition cheerleading sports in colleges and universities of Guangxi province; promote artistic expression of athletes; strengthen the training to operational force and body posture control ability of athletes; send out sport security manual and carry out scientific training; make full use of those advantages we have in gymnastics, skills; organize high quality club-type cheerleading team; adjust self-mechanism, develope commercial channels, and further develope this industry and shape market; follow the international development road; and provide the Olimpic games with civilized cheerleading teams.
研究结果显示:(1)啦啦队运动作为高等院校的一种体育文化,在培养和完善大学生的人格素质,丰富高校校园文化,培养学生的领导能力、意志品质、团队精神、纪律观念、竞争意识、自信心等方面起到了良好的作用。(2)广西高校竞技啦啦队在参加全国及国际啦啦队大赛中取得较好成绩,为我国啦啦队运动的普及和推广起到了先锋模范作用。但与世界水平相比还存在很大的差距,主要体现在运动员生源匮乏,后备力量严重不足。(3)广西高校竞技啦啦队运动训练的时间段主要集中在晚上、周末及假期,以赛前临时组队训练为主要形式,大多数学校不能保持训练的长期性和系统性,与教练员所认同的学校应该保持常年训练相违背。(4)广西高校拥有一支年轻的啦啦队教练员队伍,本科学历者占多数,他们带队训练的时间短,一般在2～3年,受学校体育经费及领导重视程度的制约,参加国家培训与学习的机会少,学术研讨与交流不够。(5)运动员以女生为主,男运动员缺乏,大多数为大二、大三学生,大部分运动员训练的年限短,处于训练的初级阶段,但是他们参加比赛的级别高,积累了一定的比赛经验,对于啦啦队运动这个新兴项目,广西高校竞技啦啦队运动水平还具有很大的提升空间。(6)广西高校竞技啦啦队运动以舞蹈啦啦队运动为主线,在起步的初始阶段,强调百花齐放,百家争鸣,为增加比赛的观赏性,道具及舞蹈元素的运用呈现多样化。由于运动员体育基础差,接触与啦啦队运动相关运动经历的机会少,教练员、运动员对技巧动作的训练方法掌握欠缺,安全隐患存在等一系列原因,导致学校很难组建高水平的技巧啦啦队。(7)后备人才因素是制约广西高校竞技啦啦队运动发展的最主要因素,体育经费、科学化训练水平、师资力量、竞赛规则、运动员学习与训练的矛盾、领导重视程度及学校管理机制等也不同程度地影响与制约着广西高校竞技啦啦队运动的发展。
笔者根据广西高校竞技啦啦队运动的现状及存在的问题,主要从组织管理、运动训练、俱乐部发展、社会发展、商业运作、国际化发展等方面提出相应的对策与措施,具体如下:改革与创新广西高校竞技啦啦队运动管理体制;发展“小学—中学—大学”一条龙的培养方式;成立大学生啦啦队教学俱乐部及课外啦啦队锻炼俱乐部;提高教师教练员队伍的创新能力,加强教师后备力量的培养;加强对运动员操化动作的力度及身体姿态控制能力的训练;提升运动员的艺术表现力;发放运动安全手册,进行科学训练;与我国体操、技巧等优势项目相结合;组建高水平俱乐部啦啦队,培育和完善高校啦啦队运动竞赛市场;在社会管理模式下创办自主型高水平竞技啦啦队;调整自身机制,开发商业化途径,进一步发展产业,塑造市场;走国际化发展道路;为奥运赛场输送文明啦啦队。
Nowadays Cheer Team trends toward sports are growing fast and Guangxi is the one of the region to have Cheer Team in the earliest time, which lead the other of its counterpart nationwide, the Cheer Team in many universities and colleges in this region have won many times in the National Cheer Team Contest and even in the Worldwide Cheer Team contest, which has been growing into the main stream as the example to the other regions nationwide. This research is based on the status quo of the Cheer Team in Guangxi region by take use of the Data Analysing Method, Interviewing Experts, Video Analysis Method and Qustionaire, by this research to find out the main problems in the development of Guangxi Cheery Team and hence to work out the corresponding approach to solve these problems.
Research results show that: (1) as a kind of sport culture of colleges and universities, cheerleading sport plays a fine role in riching compus culture of universities, cultivating leading ability, will quality, teamwork, discipline, competition and self-confidence of students. (2) cheerleading teams came from universities of Guangxi province have gained goods results from competitions both at home and abroad, which play a vanguard and exemplary role in popularizing and promoting cheerleading movements of our country. But, it still has great distance compared with international level, which is incarnated in lacking of student athletes and poor backup forces. (3) Training period of cheerleading teams in colleges and universities of Guangxi mainly concentrates on evening, weekends and holidays, which is in the form of organizing training before competitions; most of colleges and universities are unable to keep long-term and systematic training, which is against with the recognition of coaches who think that college shall keep long-term traning. (4) colleges and universities in Guangxi province have a team with young cheerleading coaches, among them, with more than half have degrees; their training time usually is not very long, which at most time is 2-3 years; for limitation of sports funding and attentions form school leaders, they seldom have the chances to engage in national training and learning, therefore, opportunities to take part in academic research and communication ae also not enough. At present, Cheerleading teams carrie out in collegs and universities of our country are in full swing, and Guangxi province is one the earliest areas that instruced and publicized the cheerleading movements; its sports standards of cheerleading team in collegs and universities are ranking leading position in the whole country, and representative team of all colleges and unersities have won excellent results in cheerleading competitions both at home and abrod; it is the mainsteam for development of cheerleading sports in athletic competitions of colleges and universities in our country, and has played a leading role in pulication process of cheerleading activities in the whole country. This paper made careful investigation and analysis to developmental status quo of athletic cheerleading teams in colleges and universities of Guangxi province, and found out main problems existed in development process. Finally, it brings forward corresponding strategies and suggestions so as to provide theoritical reference for functional management departments, and accelerate the development of athletic cheerleading teams in colleges and universities of Guangxi province to realize its dream to merge with the world. (5) Athletes are mainly female, thus, lack of male athletes; and most of them are sophomore and junior students, most of them with very short training experience. While, grades that they took part in were very high, and accumulated a certain degree of experience; for this new project, there are great adavncing space for promoting level of athlete cheerleading teams in colleges and universities of Guangxi province. (6) Competitive cheerleading activities from colleges and universities of Guangxi province are mainly dance cheerleading teams; at its initial stage of starting, attentions are placed on varieties so as to increase the watchability of competitions, and the usage of props and dance elements shall be diversified. For poor basis of athletes, and with little chance to contact with experience of cheerleading activities, training methods of coaches and athelets to skill movements are not so good, and existing a series reasons as security risks; all these are the reasons that why establishment of high level cheerleading teams has great dificulties. (7) The factor that lacking of backup talents is the most important factor that constrains the development of cheerleading teams in colleges and universities of Guangxi province; some other factors as contradictions between sport fundings, scientific training ability, faculty, competition rules, and athletes learning with training, attentions from leaders as well as school management mechanism also have a certain degree of influences and contrains to development of cheerleading teams in colleges and universities of Guangxi province.
Based on the status quo and existing problems of competition cheerleading sports in colleges and universities of Guangxi province, the author put forward corresponding strategies and measure from those aspects as organizational management, training, the club development, social development, business operations, international development. Details are as below: reform and innovate management mechanism of competition cheerleading sports in colleges and universities of Guangxi province; promote artistic expression of athletes; strengthen the training to operational force and body posture control ability of athletes; send out sport security manual and carry out scientific training; make full use of those advantages we have in gymnastics, skills; organize high quality club-type cheerleading team; adjust self-mechanism, develope commercial channels, and further develope this industry and shape market; follow the international development road; and provide the Olimpic games with civilized cheerleading teams.
引文
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