志愿分级筛选算法改进及其在选课系统中的应用
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摘要
目前的选课系统存在着一些普遍问题,如选课不公平、实时性差、人工干预工作量大等,这些现象主要是和选课算法的好坏有直接的关系。目前流行的选课算法各有优缺点,适用的范围也不同,因此在选课系统中采用一个合适的算法尤为重要。本课题的目的就是要研究一个科学合理的选课算法,使其具有良好的性能。
本文主要从算法的原理、执行流程、适用范围和优缺点几个方面对目前流行的选课算法进行了研究,并对志愿分级筛选算法进行改进。针对课程的特点从两个方面进行改进研究,一种情况是一门课程有多个教学班,采取的是在志愿分级筛选时给随机数加一个权重值的改进方法；另一种情况是一门课程有一个教学班,采取的是多级志愿、动态概率筛选的改进方法。对选课系统进行数据库设计、功能模块设计和系统安全设计后,在该系统中应用了改进后的志愿分级筛选算法,并进行了测试试验。
通过改进后的算法在选课系统中的应用和对实验数据的分析,实验结果表明该算法是可行的,并且具有良好的公平性,实时性和选课的高命中率,达到了预期的设计目标。
Course-selecting system has pervasive problems such as electing course unfair, inferior real-time and big workload of manual intervention at present. These appearances relate to selecting course algorithm.It is important to select a suitable algorithm in selecting course system because of different merit and demerit, applicable scope of fashionable selecting course algorithms. The aim of subject is to get a scientific and rational selecting course algorithm and make it has good properties.
Current fashionable selecting course algorithm based on algorithm principle, execution procedure, applicable scope and merit and demerit was studied, and voluntary ranking screening algorithm was improved. Improvement studies from two aspects were carried out in view of curriculum characteristics. Param weight was added to random number at voluntary ranking screening algorithm when a subject had multiple classes. Multilevel voluntary and screening of the dynamic probability were applied when a subject had a class. Database design, function module design and system safety design were made on selecting course system, then improved voluntary ranking screening algorithm was applied in this system and test was finished.
Improved algorithm applied in selecting course system and analysis of test data proved the feasibility of the algorithm, good fairness, real-time and high percentage selecting course were achieved.
本文主要从算法的原理、执行流程、适用范围和优缺点几个方面对目前流行的选课算法进行了研究,并对志愿分级筛选算法进行改进。针对课程的特点从两个方面进行改进研究,一种情况是一门课程有多个教学班,采取的是在志愿分级筛选时给随机数加一个权重值的改进方法；另一种情况是一门课程有一个教学班,采取的是多级志愿、动态概率筛选的改进方法。对选课系统进行数据库设计、功能模块设计和系统安全设计后,在该系统中应用了改进后的志愿分级筛选算法,并进行了测试试验。
通过改进后的算法在选课系统中的应用和对实验数据的分析,实验结果表明该算法是可行的,并且具有良好的公平性,实时性和选课的高命中率,达到了预期的设计目标。
Course-selecting system has pervasive problems such as electing course unfair, inferior real-time and big workload of manual intervention at present. These appearances relate to selecting course algorithm.It is important to select a suitable algorithm in selecting course system because of different merit and demerit, applicable scope of fashionable selecting course algorithms. The aim of subject is to get a scientific and rational selecting course algorithm and make it has good properties.
Current fashionable selecting course algorithm based on algorithm principle, execution procedure, applicable scope and merit and demerit was studied, and voluntary ranking screening algorithm was improved. Improvement studies from two aspects were carried out in view of curriculum characteristics. Param weight was added to random number at voluntary ranking screening algorithm when a subject had multiple classes. Multilevel voluntary and screening of the dynamic probability were applied when a subject had a class. Database design, function module design and system safety design were made on selecting course system, then improved voluntary ranking screening algorithm was applied in this system and test was finished.
Improved algorithm applied in selecting course system and analysis of test data proved the feasibility of the algorithm, good fairness, real-time and high percentage selecting course were achieved.
引文
[1]邓万友,孟雅杰,贾焕军等.学分制下网络选课系统的构想与实现.黑龙江高教研究.2001,(1)：92-94页
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[3]杨曦,冉呜.浅谈基于ASP技术的网上选课系统的设计.教育信息化.2005,25(7)：51页
[4]Bhow mick sourav. S, NG Wee Keong. Schemcas for web data:A reverse enginerring approach. Data & Knowledge Engineering.2001,39(2):105-142P
[5]赵耀锋.基于加权的抽签选课算法设计.延安大学学报(自然科学版).2010,29(4)：30-32贝
[6]杨红飞,梅松青,李振坤等.基于MVC模式的选课系统的设计与实现.计算机工程与科学.2008,30(7)：142-143,147页
[7]邓万友.基于JSP-OTP技术选课系统的设计与实现.科学技术与工程.2010,10(3)：807-811页
[8]赵建平,李华,李忠瑛.基于概率动态分布选课算法的研究.长春理工大学学报.2006,29(4)：66-68页
[9]张戈.基于变化概率的网络选课系统公平算法.计算机系统应用.2010,19(4)：181-184页
[10]王芸.动态选课算法的分析.科技信息.2010,23：84,96页
[11]杨东风,杨占海.选课系统中抽签算法改进研究.现代电子技术.2010,(14)：70-72页
[12]Alexander Perez Pons. Improving the performance of client Web Object Retrieval. Journal of Systems and Software.2005,74(3):303-311P
[13]黄文博,燕杨.C/S结构与B/S结构的分析与比较.长春师范学院学报(自然科学版).2006,25(4)：56-58页
[14]Ed Roman, Scott Amber, Scott Ambler. Mastering Enterprise JavaBeans (Second Edition). John Wiley & Sons Inc.2002:189-206P
[15]曹莉,赵文静.基于B/S结构网上选课系统的设计与实现.现代电子技术.2006,(3)：92-93,106页
[16]Fabiano A D, Carlos R L. A Multiagent Architecture for Distance Education System. The 3rd IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Tech-nologies.2003,7:123-128P
[17]贾艳丽,刘岩.网上选课系统设计的关键技术及系统的构建.计算机技术与发展.2008,18(5)：224-226,230页
[18]黄道颖,周国庆,张安琳等.基于B/S架构的高校网上选课系统的设计与实现.电脑开发与应用.2010,23(6)：60-62,65页
[19]Dragan, Richard V. Web database development tools from the ground up. PC Magazine.1997,16(20):55-56P
[20]HM Sneed, A Gmbh, H Vienna. Testing a web application. Web Site Evolution.2004, 11(6):26-27P
[21]王建国,张婷,周长英.基于网络的选修课选课系统的设计与实现.计算机工程与设计.2006,27(3)：460-462页
[22]Roger S. Pressman.Software Engineering-A practitioner's Approach, Fourth Edition. R. S. Pressman & Associates.1999,3:21-34P
[23]Grady Booch Rational. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications(2nd ed.). Redwood:Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Co, Inc.2003:86-101P
[24]Donald G Marke. Inference in MLS Database Systems. IEEE Transaction on Knowledge and Data Engineering.1996,8(1):46-55P
[25]He Jingmin, Wang Min. Cryptography and Relational Database Management Systems. IBM T. J Watson Research Center.2003,2:124-130P
[26]Jaehong Park, Ravi Sandhu. The UCONABC Usage Control Mode. ACM Transactions on Information and System Security.2004, (7):128-174P
[27]Jajodia S., Sandhu R.. Polyinstantiation Integrity in Multil Evel relations, Research in Security and Privacy.1990,5:104-115P
[28]施裕琴,马敬飞.网上选课系统安全技术研究.计算机应用与软件.2007,24(6)：173-175页
[29]Sandhu R.S., Samarati P. Access control:Rrinciples and practice. IEEE Communica-tions Magazine.1994:40-48P
[30]廖辉传.SQL SERVER数据库自动备份软件的实现.华东交通大学学报.2008,25(1)：45-48页
[31]娄燕飞,杨树强,李爱平等.一种复制数据库恢复协议研究.计算机工程与科学.2008,30(8)：100-104页
[32]简云松.数据库恢复技术探讨.软件导刊.2008,8(7)：102-103页
[33]周珊珊,程良伦.网络数据库的安全及性能优化.计算机与现代化.2006,(1)： 48-50页
[34]Kemme B, Alonso G. Don't be lazy, be consistent:Postgres-R, a new way to implement Database Replication. The 26th International Conference on Very Large Databases (VLDB).2000,9:134-143P
[35]Kemme B. Pedone F, Alonso G, etal. Using Optimistic Atomic Broadcast in Transaction Processing Systems. IEEE Trans on Knowledge Data Engineering.2003, 15(4):1018-1032P
[36]Sanhu R.S, Coyne EJ. Feinstein H L, etal. Role-based access models. IEEE Computer.1996,28(2):38-47P
[37]Armendariz-Inigo J E, Decker H, de Mendivil J R G. Mid-dleware-Based Data Replication:Some History and Future Trends. Database and Expert Systems Applications.2006,10:390-394P
[38]Ravi Sandhu, P.Samarat. Access Control:Principles and Practice. IEEE Communica-tions.1994,32(9):40-48P
[39]Lin T Y. Chinese wall security policy-an aggressive model. Computer Security Applications Conference.1989,12:282-289P
[40]Bertino E, Sandhu R. Database Security-Concepts, Approaches and Challenges. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing.2005,2(1):2-19P
[41]周珊珊,程良伦.网络数据库的安全及性能优化.计算机与现代化.2006,(1)：48-50页
[42]曲守宁,徐德军,吴同等.兴趣度在选课指导系统中的研究与应用.计算机工程与应用.2006,27：168-170页
[43]董彩云,曲守宁.数据挖掘及其在高校教学系统中的应用.济南大学学报(自然科学版).2004,18(1)：65-68页
[44]李爱凤,陈启买.基于数据挖掘技术的课程相关性模式研究与实现.现代电子技术.2007,(13)：121-122,126页
[2]曹丹阳,魏金强,李晋宏等.基于学分制选课系统的应用研究.北方工业大学学报.2006,18(1)：10-14页
[3]杨曦,冉呜.浅谈基于ASP技术的网上选课系统的设计.教育信息化.2005,25(7)：51页
[4]Bhow mick sourav. S, NG Wee Keong. Schemcas for web data:A reverse enginerring approach. Data & Knowledge Engineering.2001,39(2):105-142P
[5]赵耀锋.基于加权的抽签选课算法设计.延安大学学报(自然科学版).2010,29(4)：30-32贝
[6]杨红飞,梅松青,李振坤等.基于MVC模式的选课系统的设计与实现.计算机工程与科学.2008,30(7)：142-143,147页
[7]邓万友.基于JSP-OTP技术选课系统的设计与实现.科学技术与工程.2010,10(3)：807-811页
[8]赵建平,李华,李忠瑛.基于概率动态分布选课算法的研究.长春理工大学学报.2006,29(4)：66-68页
[9]张戈.基于变化概率的网络选课系统公平算法.计算机系统应用.2010,19(4)：181-184页
[10]王芸.动态选课算法的分析.科技信息.2010,23：84,96页
[11]杨东风,杨占海.选课系统中抽签算法改进研究.现代电子技术.2010,(14)：70-72页
[12]Alexander Perez Pons. Improving the performance of client Web Object Retrieval. Journal of Systems and Software.2005,74(3):303-311P
[13]黄文博,燕杨.C/S结构与B/S结构的分析与比较.长春师范学院学报(自然科学版).2006,25(4)：56-58页
[14]Ed Roman, Scott Amber, Scott Ambler. Mastering Enterprise JavaBeans (Second Edition). John Wiley & Sons Inc.2002:189-206P
[15]曹莉,赵文静.基于B/S结构网上选课系统的设计与实现.现代电子技术.2006,(3)：92-93,106页
[16]Fabiano A D, Carlos R L. A Multiagent Architecture for Distance Education System. The 3rd IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Tech-nologies.2003,7:123-128P
[17]贾艳丽,刘岩.网上选课系统设计的关键技术及系统的构建.计算机技术与发展.2008,18(5)：224-226,230页
[18]黄道颖,周国庆,张安琳等.基于B/S架构的高校网上选课系统的设计与实现.电脑开发与应用.2010,23(6)：60-62,65页
[19]Dragan, Richard V. Web database development tools from the ground up. PC Magazine.1997,16(20):55-56P
[20]HM Sneed, A Gmbh, H Vienna. Testing a web application. Web Site Evolution.2004, 11(6):26-27P
[21]王建国,张婷,周长英.基于网络的选修课选课系统的设计与实现.计算机工程与设计.2006,27(3)：460-462页
[22]Roger S. Pressman.Software Engineering-A practitioner's Approach, Fourth Edition. R. S. Pressman & Associates.1999,3:21-34P
[23]Grady Booch Rational. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications(2nd ed.). Redwood:Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Co, Inc.2003:86-101P
[24]Donald G Marke. Inference in MLS Database Systems. IEEE Transaction on Knowledge and Data Engineering.1996,8(1):46-55P
[25]He Jingmin, Wang Min. Cryptography and Relational Database Management Systems. IBM T. J Watson Research Center.2003,2:124-130P
[26]Jaehong Park, Ravi Sandhu. The UCONABC Usage Control Mode. ACM Transactions on Information and System Security.2004, (7):128-174P
[27]Jajodia S., Sandhu R.. Polyinstantiation Integrity in Multil Evel relations, Research in Security and Privacy.1990,5:104-115P
[28]施裕琴,马敬飞.网上选课系统安全技术研究.计算机应用与软件.2007,24(6)：173-175页
[29]Sandhu R.S., Samarati P. Access control:Rrinciples and practice. IEEE Communica-tions Magazine.1994:40-48P
[30]廖辉传.SQL SERVER数据库自动备份软件的实现.华东交通大学学报.2008,25(1)：45-48页
[31]娄燕飞,杨树强,李爱平等.一种复制数据库恢复协议研究.计算机工程与科学.2008,30(8)：100-104页
[32]简云松.数据库恢复技术探讨.软件导刊.2008,8(7)：102-103页
[33]周珊珊,程良伦.网络数据库的安全及性能优化.计算机与现代化.2006,(1)： 48-50页
[34]Kemme B, Alonso G. Don't be lazy, be consistent:Postgres-R, a new way to implement Database Replication. The 26th International Conference on Very Large Databases (VLDB).2000,9:134-143P
[35]Kemme B. Pedone F, Alonso G, etal. Using Optimistic Atomic Broadcast in Transaction Processing Systems. IEEE Trans on Knowledge Data Engineering.2003, 15(4):1018-1032P
[36]Sanhu R.S, Coyne EJ. Feinstein H L, etal. Role-based access models. IEEE Computer.1996,28(2):38-47P
[37]Armendariz-Inigo J E, Decker H, de Mendivil J R G. Mid-dleware-Based Data Replication:Some History and Future Trends. Database and Expert Systems Applications.2006,10:390-394P
[38]Ravi Sandhu, P.Samarat. Access Control:Principles and Practice. IEEE Communica-tions.1994,32(9):40-48P
[39]Lin T Y. Chinese wall security policy-an aggressive model. Computer Security Applications Conference.1989,12:282-289P
[40]Bertino E, Sandhu R. Database Security-Concepts, Approaches and Challenges. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing.2005,2(1):2-19P
[41]周珊珊,程良伦.网络数据库的安全及性能优化.计算机与现代化.2006,(1)：48-50页
[42]曲守宁,徐德军,吴同等.兴趣度在选课指导系统中的研究与应用.计算机工程与应用.2006,27：168-170页
[43]董彩云,曲守宁.数据挖掘及其在高校教学系统中的应用.济南大学学报(自然科学版).2004,18(1)：65-68页
[44]李爱凤,陈启买.基于数据挖掘技术的课程相关性模式研究与实现.现代电子技术.2007,(13)：121-122,126页