福州地区内撑式地下连续墙基坑支护的应用研究与实践
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摘要
我国大量的深基坑工程始于20世纪80年代,由于城市高层建筑的迅速发展,地下停车场、高层建筑埋深、人防等各种需要,高层建筑需建设一定的地下室,目前高层建筑的地下室较深的已建到4—5层,基坑深度约20m。这就涉及到地下室基坑的开挖支护问题。近几年,由于城市地铁工程的迅速发展,地铁车站、局部区间明挖等也涉及大量的基坑工程,在双线交叉的地铁车站,基坑深达20—30m。水利、电力也存在着地下厂房、地下泵房等的基坑开挖问题。
本文以福建国际青年交流中心深基坑支护工程为例,通过该工程基坑支护方案招投标、评标,从经济、安全、施工的可行性等方面对五种投标方案进行详细比较分析,最终选择了内撑式地下连续墙基坑支护方案,并详细介绍内撑式逆作墙的设计计算、bY-Y-法、施工顺序及施工过程中对支撑梁内力、基坑位移、邻近建筑物沉降的监测,通过监测的结果证明,该设计方法合理,在福州地区类似的工程基坑支护实践中完全可行。同时对基坑支护事故原因的分析,常见方案基坑支护的特点及选择,基坑支护设计中应注意的事项等进行简单论述,对基坑支护方案的选择具有一定的借鉴作用。
China's large number of deep excavation works began in the 1980s. Not only with the rapid urban development of high-rise buildings, but also with the urgent requirement of underground parking, high-rise building, air defense and so on, it is very necessary to build corresponding basement for the high-rise building. The pit depth of some high-rise buildings is about 20 meters and the deeper basement approximately to 4-5 layers, which involves the excavation of the basement excavation and its support. Due to the rapid development in subway engineering during recent years, both subway station and local open-cut involve an enormous amount of excavation works. For example, in the two-lane Cross subway station, the deep of basement excavation is up to 20-30 meters. In addition, both water conservancy and power plants also exist some basement excavation problems, such as underground power house and underground pump station.
This paper is on the base of a project, Fujian International Youth Exchange Center Support deep excavation works. By contrast with the five bidders for detailed analysis in pit Support program works, from economy to security the feasibility of program, the Inner-Support Foundation Pit Program is be adopted finally. Paper introduces some methods and schemes, such as Inverse Construct for the design of the wall, BY-Y-law, Construction process. Paper also involves monitoring on beam internal forces, pit displacement, and neighboring buildings settlement. It is show that the rational design methods in similar projects in Fuzhou Pit Support practice entirely are feasible through monitoring results.
本文以福建国际青年交流中心深基坑支护工程为例,通过该工程基坑支护方案招投标、评标,从经济、安全、施工的可行性等方面对五种投标方案进行详细比较分析,最终选择了内撑式地下连续墙基坑支护方案,并详细介绍内撑式逆作墙的设计计算、bY-Y-法、施工顺序及施工过程中对支撑梁内力、基坑位移、邻近建筑物沉降的监测,通过监测的结果证明,该设计方法合理,在福州地区类似的工程基坑支护实践中完全可行。同时对基坑支护事故原因的分析,常见方案基坑支护的特点及选择,基坑支护设计中应注意的事项等进行简单论述,对基坑支护方案的选择具有一定的借鉴作用。
China's large number of deep excavation works began in the 1980s. Not only with the rapid urban development of high-rise buildings, but also with the urgent requirement of underground parking, high-rise building, air defense and so on, it is very necessary to build corresponding basement for the high-rise building. The pit depth of some high-rise buildings is about 20 meters and the deeper basement approximately to 4-5 layers, which involves the excavation of the basement excavation and its support. Due to the rapid development in subway engineering during recent years, both subway station and local open-cut involve an enormous amount of excavation works. For example, in the two-lane Cross subway station, the deep of basement excavation is up to 20-30 meters. In addition, both water conservancy and power plants also exist some basement excavation problems, such as underground power house and underground pump station.
This paper is on the base of a project, Fujian International Youth Exchange Center Support deep excavation works. By contrast with the five bidders for detailed analysis in pit Support program works, from economy to security the feasibility of program, the Inner-Support Foundation Pit Program is be adopted finally. Paper introduces some methods and schemes, such as Inverse Construct for the design of the wall, BY-Y-law, Construction process. Paper also involves monitoring on beam internal forces, pit displacement, and neighboring buildings settlement. It is show that the rational design methods in similar projects in Fuzhou Pit Support practice entirely are feasible through monitoring results.
引文
[1] 龚晓南主编. 基坑工程设计施工手册. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[2] 尉希成,周美玲. 支挡结构设计手册. 中国建筑工业出版社,2004.228~236
[3] 徐日庆,愈建霖,龚晓南. 基坑开挖中土压力计算方法探讨,见:第八届全国土力学与基础工程学术会议.北京:万国学术出版社,1999. 667~670
[4] H.F.温特科恩,方晓阳主编. 基础工程手册.钱鸿缙等译校. 北京:中国建筑出版社,1990.
[5] 赵锡宏,杨国祥,李蓓,李侃著. 大型超深基坑工程实践与理论. 人民交通出版社.2004.
[6] 史佩栋主编. 深基坑工程特殊技术问题. 人民交通出版社,2004.228~281
[7] Sayed, S.M.; Hussein, M.; Goehring, R.L. Load-movement behavior of long piles in a deep organic deposit: Prediction vs. performance. Canadian Geotechnical Conference, 1990, 615~622
[8] 江正荣主编. 建筑地基与基础施工手册(第二版). 中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[9] Ulrich Vollenweder. Prufung nach dem pfahfusspresserfahren. Zurich: Journey of ETH, 1997:18～22
[10] CC Xia and GR Pan, Civil Engineering Surveying Technology, China Building Industry Press, Beijing (2001) (In Chinese).
[11] 李大龙主编. 建筑地基基础工程操作手册. 经济科学出版社,2004.
[12] 孙均,侯学渊主编. 地下结构(下册)第七章. 地下连续墙. 科学出版社,1988.
[13] Bengt H.Felleninus,Richard Kulesza,Jack Hayes. O-cell testing and FE analysis of 28-m-deep Barrette in Manila,Philippines. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering , 1999 , vol.125, No.7 ASCE,566～575.
[14] 杨光华. 地下连续墙的人土深度问题. 第六届全国土力学与基础工程学术会议论文集. 上海:同济大学出版社,1991.6.
[15] 赵志缙编著. 高层建筑基础工程施工. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986.
[16] 杨光华,陆陪炎. 考虑施工过程的多撑或多锚式地下连续墙的增量计算法. 广东省水利水电科学研究所,1990.3.
[17] 2001 Edition Construction Manual Bureau of Construction. Alabama Department of Transportation
[18] 陈肇元,崔京浩主编. 土钉支护在基坑工程中的应用. 中国建筑工业出版社,1997.8
[19] 阮广招. 福州软土地区基坑工程发展趋势探讨. 探矿工程.2000 年增刊,35~36
[20] 张贵然. 深基坑支护技术的发展和展望. 洛阳大学学报,2004.6.102~103
[21] 杨光华. 深基坑支护结构的实用计算方法. 见:第五届全国地基处理学术会议论文集. 杭州:浙江大学出版社,1997.
[22] R. Dobry and G. Gazetas, Dynamic response of arbitrarily-shaped foundations, ASCE. Geotech Eng Div J 113 (2) (1986), pp. 109–135
[23] 钟显奇,唐杰康,谢沃林. 广州市新中国大厦地下室“逆作法”施工技术. 建筑技术(增刊),1998 年,163~167
[24] 史佩栋. 深基坑工程技术现状. 岩土钻掘矿业工程. 浙江省建筑科学研究院,1998.3.8~11.
[25] Thompson, David E.; Brierly, Gary S. LOAD TRANSFERS FOR LONG PIPE PILES IN CLAY. Journal of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers, Vol.60, No.1,1973: 21-31
[26] 陈新余等. 深基坑支护逆作墙工法及应用.《第五届全国地基学术讨论会论文集》.武夷山.1997.
[27] Toyokazu Fujioka and Kiyoomi Yamada .The developmet of a new pile load testing system
[28] 刘永芬,李永青,高德方. 地下连续墙施工技术应用. 西部探矿工程,2003.1,5~6.
[29] 侯伟生. 福建省地基基础技术的发展和趋势. 福建建设科技,2002.NO.3,5~6.
[30] 赵花丽,傅少君. 深基坑工程的现状与发展. 孝感学院院报,2005.5,95~96.
[31] 陈孝慧. 试析土层锚杆支护在福州地区深基坑工程中的应用. 福建建筑高等专科学校学报,1999.12.
[32] 史佩栋,陈怡. Osterberg 静载荷试桩法 10 年的发展.工业建筑,1999.
[33] 桂国庆. 深基坑工程的研究现状与发展趋势.《工程力学》增刊,2000.
[34] Simpaon A. R.,Priest s D.,The application of genetic algorithms to optimization problem in geotechnics[J].Computers and Geotechnics,1993,15(I)
[35] Kontani et al., 2001 O. Kontani, H. Tanaka, T. Ishida, Y. Miyamoto and K. Koyamada, Simulation analyses of seismic tests of a pile-supported structure in liquefiable sand using large-scale blast excitation, Proceeding of the 16th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT-16) Washington (2001).
[36] R. Mansfeld, J.V. Kenkel, Laboratory studies of galvanic corrosion of aluminum alloys, in: Galvanic and Pitting Corrosion — Field and Laboratory Studies, ASTM STP 576, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1976,pp. 20.
[37] J. Aviles and M. Suarez, Effective periods and damping of building-foundation systems including seismic wave effects, Eng Struct 24 (2002), pp. 553–562.
[38] G. Gazetas, Formulas and charts for impedance of surface and embedded foundations, J Geotech Eng ASCE 117 (1991), pp. 1363–1381.
[39] A.S. Veletsos and J.M. Meek, Dynamics of behaviour of building-foundation systems, Earthquake Eng Struct Dyn 3 (1974), pp. 121–138.
[40] Kitazume, M.; Miyajima, S. Lateral resistance of a long pile in soft clay Source. Proceedings of the 1994 International Conference on Centrifuge. 1994: 485
[2] 尉希成,周美玲. 支挡结构设计手册. 中国建筑工业出版社,2004.228~236
[3] 徐日庆,愈建霖,龚晓南. 基坑开挖中土压力计算方法探讨,见:第八届全国土力学与基础工程学术会议.北京:万国学术出版社,1999. 667~670
[4] H.F.温特科恩,方晓阳主编. 基础工程手册.钱鸿缙等译校. 北京:中国建筑出版社,1990.
[5] 赵锡宏,杨国祥,李蓓,李侃著. 大型超深基坑工程实践与理论. 人民交通出版社.2004.
[6] 史佩栋主编. 深基坑工程特殊技术问题. 人民交通出版社,2004.228~281
[7] Sayed, S.M.; Hussein, M.; Goehring, R.L. Load-movement behavior of long piles in a deep organic deposit: Prediction vs. performance. Canadian Geotechnical Conference, 1990, 615~622
[8] 江正荣主编. 建筑地基与基础施工手册(第二版). 中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[9] Ulrich Vollenweder. Prufung nach dem pfahfusspresserfahren. Zurich: Journey of ETH, 1997:18～22
[10] CC Xia and GR Pan, Civil Engineering Surveying Technology, China Building Industry Press, Beijing (2001) (In Chinese).
[11] 李大龙主编. 建筑地基基础工程操作手册. 经济科学出版社,2004.
[12] 孙均,侯学渊主编. 地下结构(下册)第七章. 地下连续墙. 科学出版社,1988.
[13] Bengt H.Felleninus,Richard Kulesza,Jack Hayes. O-cell testing and FE analysis of 28-m-deep Barrette in Manila,Philippines. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering , 1999 , vol.125, No.7 ASCE,566～575.
[14] 杨光华. 地下连续墙的人土深度问题. 第六届全国土力学与基础工程学术会议论文集. 上海:同济大学出版社,1991.6.
[15] 赵志缙编著. 高层建筑基础工程施工. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986.
[16] 杨光华,陆陪炎. 考虑施工过程的多撑或多锚式地下连续墙的增量计算法. 广东省水利水电科学研究所,1990.3.
[17] 2001 Edition Construction Manual Bureau of Construction. Alabama Department of Transportation
[18] 陈肇元,崔京浩主编. 土钉支护在基坑工程中的应用. 中国建筑工业出版社,1997.8
[19] 阮广招. 福州软土地区基坑工程发展趋势探讨. 探矿工程.2000 年增刊,35~36
[20] 张贵然. 深基坑支护技术的发展和展望. 洛阳大学学报,2004.6.102~103
[21] 杨光华. 深基坑支护结构的实用计算方法. 见:第五届全国地基处理学术会议论文集. 杭州:浙江大学出版社,1997.
[22] R. Dobry and G. Gazetas, Dynamic response of arbitrarily-shaped foundations, ASCE. Geotech Eng Div J 113 (2) (1986), pp. 109–135
[23] 钟显奇,唐杰康,谢沃林. 广州市新中国大厦地下室“逆作法”施工技术. 建筑技术(增刊),1998 年,163~167
[24] 史佩栋. 深基坑工程技术现状. 岩土钻掘矿业工程. 浙江省建筑科学研究院,1998.3.8~11.
[25] Thompson, David E.; Brierly, Gary S. LOAD TRANSFERS FOR LONG PIPE PILES IN CLAY. Journal of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers, Vol.60, No.1,1973: 21-31
[26] 陈新余等. 深基坑支护逆作墙工法及应用.《第五届全国地基学术讨论会论文集》.武夷山.1997.
[27] Toyokazu Fujioka and Kiyoomi Yamada .The developmet of a new pile load testing system
[28] 刘永芬,李永青,高德方. 地下连续墙施工技术应用. 西部探矿工程,2003.1,5~6.
[29] 侯伟生. 福建省地基基础技术的发展和趋势. 福建建设科技,2002.NO.3,5~6.
[30] 赵花丽,傅少君. 深基坑工程的现状与发展. 孝感学院院报,2005.5,95~96.
[31] 陈孝慧. 试析土层锚杆支护在福州地区深基坑工程中的应用. 福建建筑高等专科学校学报,1999.12.
[32] 史佩栋,陈怡. Osterberg 静载荷试桩法 10 年的发展.工业建筑,1999.
[33] 桂国庆. 深基坑工程的研究现状与发展趋势.《工程力学》增刊,2000.
[34] Simpaon A. R.,Priest s D.,The application of genetic algorithms to optimization problem in geotechnics[J].Computers and Geotechnics,1993,15(I)
[35] Kontani et al., 2001 O. Kontani, H. Tanaka, T. Ishida, Y. Miyamoto and K. Koyamada, Simulation analyses of seismic tests of a pile-supported structure in liquefiable sand using large-scale blast excitation, Proceeding of the 16th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT-16) Washington (2001).
[36] R. Mansfeld, J.V. Kenkel, Laboratory studies of galvanic corrosion of aluminum alloys, in: Galvanic and Pitting Corrosion — Field and Laboratory Studies, ASTM STP 576, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1976,pp. 20.
[37] J. Aviles and M. Suarez, Effective periods and damping of building-foundation systems including seismic wave effects, Eng Struct 24 (2002), pp. 553–562.
[38] G. Gazetas, Formulas and charts for impedance of surface and embedded foundations, J Geotech Eng ASCE 117 (1991), pp. 1363–1381.
[39] A.S. Veletsos and J.M. Meek, Dynamics of behaviour of building-foundation systems, Earthquake Eng Struct Dyn 3 (1974), pp. 121–138.
[40] Kitazume, M.; Miyajima, S. Lateral resistance of a long pile in soft clay Source. Proceedings of the 1994 International Conference on Centrifuge. 1994: 485