山东驻军某营区生活污水治理及中水回用技术
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摘要
随着我国社会和经济的高速发展,环境问题日益突出,尤其是水环境的恶化加剧了水资源的短缺。军队环保做为国家环境保护工作的一部分,部队营区污水治理迫在眉睫。
本文在查阅有关文献资料的基础上,综述了我国水污染现状及治理情况,分析了部队水污染现状和污染规模、特点,按照生态营区建设的要求,污水未接入市政管网的营区建立独立的小型污水处理站将污水治理后回用。本课题以山东驻军某营区为例,选择适用于营区污水治理及回用的技术方法,进行污水治理工程设计、营区污水治理工程调试及运行管理。
山东驻军某营区位于环渤海地区,是国家重点污染治理地区,营区位于市郊,无市政管网,污水未经治理直接通过排污沟排放到营区外无名河。流域内污水排放标准严格,地方政府多次要求其进行治理。营区驻地又是全国重点缺水城市之一,水资源严重短缺,营区污水需治理及回用。根据该营区具体情况,结合营区生态建设要求,将水解酸化一生物接触氧化技术进行改进,采用地埋式污水治理一体综合池设计对其污水进行治理,建成后在地上进行绿化美化。工艺流程简单实用,技术成熟可靠,运行稳定,投资省,操作简便,治理成本低。
营区污水治理量约300吨/日,进水化学需氧量约400mg/L,生化需氧量约200mg/L,氨氮约40 mg/L,总氮约50 mg/L,总磷约5 mg/L。经三个月试运行调试后,出水化学需氧量小于50 mg/L,生化需氧量小于10 mg/L,氨氮小于5 mg/L,总氮小于15 mg/L,总磷小于0.5 mg/L,符合《城市污水再生利用景观环境用水水质(GB/T18921-2002)标准要求。营区污水经治理后回用,用于营区浇灌树木花草、补充园内景观用水和洗车,即解决了污水直排污染环境的问题,又可以节约新鲜用水,减少开支,符合生态营区建设要求。
With China's rapid social and economic development, environmental issues become increasingly prominent, especially in the deterioration of water environment exacerbated the shortage of water resources. Military environmental protection as part of the national environmental protection, military barracks, and sewage treatment is imminent.
In this paper, on the basis of the relevant literature, reviewed the current situation and control of water pollution, and analyzed the current situation of water pollution and pollution-scale forces, characteristics. In accordance with the requirements of eco-camp construction, not connected to municipal sewage pipe network of the camp should build an independent small sewage treatment station after the sewage treatment reuse. For example, the issue of a military camp in Shandong, selected technology and methods for the camp sewage treatment and reuse, designed of the sewage treatment project; sewage treatment works commissioning and operation management of the camp.
Shandong, a camp located in the Bohai region, is a national key pollution control areas. Camp located in the suburbs, there is no municipal pipe network. Sewage is directly emitted into the outside rivers of the camp through the sewage ditch without treatment. The discharge standards of the basin are strict. Local government has repeatedly requested it for treatment. Resident camp is one of the cities of key water shortage. So the camp sewage should control and reuse. Under the specific circumstances of the camp, combined with ecological requirements of the camp, the hydrolytic acidification-biological contact oxidation technology should be improved. Using buried Sewage treatment one integrated tank design as its sewage treatment, and greening the environment. Process is simple and practical, mature and reliable, stable operation, low investment, simple operation, low cost.
Sewage treatment camp about 300 t/d, chemical oxygen demand in water of about 400mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand of about 200 mg/L, ammonia about 40 mg/L. total nitrogen of about 50 mg/L, TP of about 5 mg/L. After three months of trial operation after commissioning, the effluent CODcr redused less than 50 mg/L. Biochemical oxygen demand is less than 10 mg/L. Ammonia is less than 5 mg/L. Total nitrogen is less than 15 mg/L. TP is less than 0.5 mg/L. These indicators meet the "urban recycling water for landscape and environmental quality (GB/T18921-2002) standards. Resuse sewage for watering flowers and trees, add water and washing the park landscape, not only solve the sewage straight row of environmental problems, but also save fresh water, reduce costs, meet the ecological requirements of the building barracks.
本文在查阅有关文献资料的基础上,综述了我国水污染现状及治理情况,分析了部队水污染现状和污染规模、特点,按照生态营区建设的要求,污水未接入市政管网的营区建立独立的小型污水处理站将污水治理后回用。本课题以山东驻军某营区为例,选择适用于营区污水治理及回用的技术方法,进行污水治理工程设计、营区污水治理工程调试及运行管理。
山东驻军某营区位于环渤海地区,是国家重点污染治理地区,营区位于市郊,无市政管网,污水未经治理直接通过排污沟排放到营区外无名河。流域内污水排放标准严格,地方政府多次要求其进行治理。营区驻地又是全国重点缺水城市之一,水资源严重短缺,营区污水需治理及回用。根据该营区具体情况,结合营区生态建设要求,将水解酸化一生物接触氧化技术进行改进,采用地埋式污水治理一体综合池设计对其污水进行治理,建成后在地上进行绿化美化。工艺流程简单实用,技术成熟可靠,运行稳定,投资省,操作简便,治理成本低。
营区污水治理量约300吨/日,进水化学需氧量约400mg/L,生化需氧量约200mg/L,氨氮约40 mg/L,总氮约50 mg/L,总磷约5 mg/L。经三个月试运行调试后,出水化学需氧量小于50 mg/L,生化需氧量小于10 mg/L,氨氮小于5 mg/L,总氮小于15 mg/L,总磷小于0.5 mg/L,符合《城市污水再生利用景观环境用水水质(GB/T18921-2002)标准要求。营区污水经治理后回用,用于营区浇灌树木花草、补充园内景观用水和洗车,即解决了污水直排污染环境的问题,又可以节约新鲜用水,减少开支,符合生态营区建设要求。
With China's rapid social and economic development, environmental issues become increasingly prominent, especially in the deterioration of water environment exacerbated the shortage of water resources. Military environmental protection as part of the national environmental protection, military barracks, and sewage treatment is imminent.
In this paper, on the basis of the relevant literature, reviewed the current situation and control of water pollution, and analyzed the current situation of water pollution and pollution-scale forces, characteristics. In accordance with the requirements of eco-camp construction, not connected to municipal sewage pipe network of the camp should build an independent small sewage treatment station after the sewage treatment reuse. For example, the issue of a military camp in Shandong, selected technology and methods for the camp sewage treatment and reuse, designed of the sewage treatment project; sewage treatment works commissioning and operation management of the camp.
Shandong, a camp located in the Bohai region, is a national key pollution control areas. Camp located in the suburbs, there is no municipal pipe network. Sewage is directly emitted into the outside rivers of the camp through the sewage ditch without treatment. The discharge standards of the basin are strict. Local government has repeatedly requested it for treatment. Resident camp is one of the cities of key water shortage. So the camp sewage should control and reuse. Under the specific circumstances of the camp, combined with ecological requirements of the camp, the hydrolytic acidification-biological contact oxidation technology should be improved. Using buried Sewage treatment one integrated tank design as its sewage treatment, and greening the environment. Process is simple and practical, mature and reliable, stable operation, low investment, simple operation, low cost.
Sewage treatment camp about 300 t/d, chemical oxygen demand in water of about 400mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand of about 200 mg/L, ammonia about 40 mg/L. total nitrogen of about 50 mg/L, TP of about 5 mg/L. After three months of trial operation after commissioning, the effluent CODcr redused less than 50 mg/L. Biochemical oxygen demand is less than 10 mg/L. Ammonia is less than 5 mg/L. Total nitrogen is less than 15 mg/L. TP is less than 0.5 mg/L. These indicators meet the "urban recycling water for landscape and environmental quality (GB/T18921-2002) standards. Resuse sewage for watering flowers and trees, add water and washing the park landscape, not only solve the sewage straight row of environmental problems, but also save fresh water, reduce costs, meet the ecological requirements of the building barracks.
引文
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[2]冯玉琦.我国水环境的现状、存在问题及治理方略[J].农业与技术,2006,12(4)：14-15
[3]国家环保部.2009年中国环境状况公报[J].环境保护,2010(7)：3-4
[4]段永红,李曦,杨名远.我国污水治理市场化问题探讨[J].中国农村水利水电,2006,4：11
[5]姚诚.水污染现状及其治理措施[J].污染防治技术,2009,22(2)：87-90
[6]何丽薇,冯会歌.我国城市污水污染现状及对策[J].水利科技与经济,2006,12(1)44-45
[7]吴景峰等.军队环境保护知识读本[M].北京：解放军出版社,2003
[8]张统等.部队营区污水治理及资源化技术[J].北京：国防工业出版社,2009
[9]黄铭荣,胡纪萍.水污染治理工程[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1998
[10]胡亨魁.水污染治理技术[M].武汉：武汉理工大学出版社,2009.
[11]Laurent Bazinent, et al.. Effect of Number of Bipolar Membrane and Temperature on the Performance of Bipolar Membrance Electroacidification[J]. Journal Agriculture Food Chemistry, 1997,(10):3788
[12]Murthy Z V P, Latesh B, Chaudhari. Application of Nanofiltration for the Rejection of Nickel Ions from Aqueous Solutions and Estimation of Membrane Transport Paramcters[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,(160):70-77
[13]T. R. Noordman, K. Kooier, W. Bel,et al.. Concentration of Aqueous Extracts of Defatted Soy Flour by Ultrafiltration:Effect of Suspended Particles on the Filtration Flux[J]. Journal of Food Engineering,2003,(8):135-141
[14]李倦生,陈湘筑.环境工程基础[M].武汉：武汉理工大学出版社,2003.
[15]胡亨魁.水污染控制工程[M].武汉：武汉理工大学出版社,2003.
[16]马占青.水污染控制工程与废水生物治理[M].北京：水利水电出版社,2003.17-20
[17]Steinberg S. M.. Persistence of Several Volatile Aromatic and Halogenated Hydrocarbons in a Low Organic Carbon Calcareous Soil. ChemospHere,1992,22 (8):1301.
[18]Ball W. P. Long-Term Sorption of Halogenated Organic Chemicals by Aquifer Mater. Intraparticle Diffusion. Environ. Sci. Technol,1991,25 (7):1237.
[19]Use of the Upflow Sludge Blanker(USB) Reactor Concept for Biological Wastewater Treatment, Especially for Anaerobic Treatment, Biotechnology and Bioegineering,1980
[20]G. Legginga and L.W. Hulshoff POL. UASB Process Design for Various Types of Wastepapers, Wat. Sci. Tech.1991,24(8):87-107
[21]Sung S, Dague R R. Laboratory Studies on the Anaerobic Sequencing Bath Reactor[J]. Water Environment Research,1995,67(3):294-301
[22]A. P. Annnachatre, A. Amornkaew. Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanker Treatment of Starch Wastewmer Containing Cyanide[J]. Water Environment Research,2001,75(5):622-632
[23]H. N. Gavala,H. Kopsinis, I. V. Skiadas et al.. Treatment of Dairy Wastewater Using an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor[J]. Water Science and Technology,2000:2-3
[24]王宝贞,王琳.水污染治理新技术—新工艺、新概念、新理论[M].北京：科学出版社,2004.
[25]辛青,黄种买,陆其林.我国中小城镇污水治理适用技术综述[J].节能环保技术,2004,9：23-25
[26]孙鹏.污水治理新工艺[J].湖南有色金属,2001,2：53.
[27]邓荣森,楼少华,王涛等.对当前我国中小城镇污水治理若干问题的思考[J].中国环保产业,2003.10(3)：31-34
[28]李雷.城市生活污水情况调查及治理回用技术研究[J].巢湖学院学报,2007,87(9)：52-55
[29]王俊起,王幼斌等.乡镇生活垃圾与生活污水排放现状[J].中国卫生工程学,2004,3(4)：202-204
[30]张凯松,周启星,孙铁珩.小城镇无害化资源化水治理技术研究与应用[J].中国工程科学,2003,5(2)：88-92.
[31]王宝贞,王琳.水污染治理新技术-新工艺、新概念、新理论[M].科学出版社,2004,182-185
[32]俞庭康,杨健.城镇污水治理最佳实用技术新近展[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2000,1(5)：54-60
[33]张克峰,王永磊等.我国中小城镇污水治理[J].净水技术,2005,24(6)：26-28
[34]马金,刘斌,张晓健.复合水解池-生物滤池在治理小镇污水治理中的应用[J].给水排水,2004,30(3)：19-21
[35]杭世珺.小城镇污水治理工程设计的反思与建议[J].给水排水,2004,30(10)：17-19
[36]朱静平,王成端.适于中小城镇污水治理工艺的流程研究[J].西南工学院学报,2002,17(1)：16-17
[37]陈红英.小城镇污水治理厂建设模式探讨[J].浙江大学学报,2003,10(3)：31-34
[38]鄢恒珍,陈向阳,何于坤.中小城镇污水治理实用技术分析[J].安全与环境工程,2003,10(3)：31-34
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