曝气生物滤池系统在受污染河水水质处理中的应用研究
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摘要
滇池流域地处云贵高原的中部,而滇池位于全流域的最低点,有二十多条河流呈向心状往湖区注入,这些河流多数流经农田、城镇、磷矿区等,接纳了众多城市污水和随降雨冲刷流入的污染雨水、农村垃圾、人畜粪尿、泥沙等,由于天然补给水较少,因而污染非常严重,属我国典型的重污染湖泊。
其中流入滇池的新运粮河是昆明主城区盘龙江以西主要的排洪、排污河道。其接纳的工业废水量约占整个流域的41.28%,对滇池的污染贡献最大。本课题以新运粮河作为研究对象,依托正在开展的综合整治新运粮河及滇池北岸治污截污等相关工程,基于严格的治污截污,开展以生物景观化的强化脱氮除磷核心的河道易位水质净化技术进行研究与工程示范。
本项目共包括六个课题,曝气生物滤池是本项目的一个重要课题。曝气生物滤池(Biological Aerated Filter),是近年来国外发展起来的一项废水好氧生物处理工艺。BAF与普通活性污泥法相比,具有占地面积小(约为普通活性污泥的三分之一)、有机负荷高、投资少(节省30%左右)、不会产生污泥膨胀、出水水质好等优点。
曝气生物滤池对污染物的去除主要是由于生长在填料表面的高效率生物膜对污染物的有机氧化、过滤、絮凝网捕等作用产生的,因此BAF具有很强的去除悬浮物、有机物的去除能力。同时,适当控制溶解氧含量,BAF还可以产生良好的硝化及反硝化作用,并且占地面积小、基建投资省、运行管理容易,可以不设二沉池,是一种有一定经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的水处理新技术。
本试验以受污染河水为研究对象,采用曝气生物滤池技术进行强化脱氮除磷,现场中试结果表明：
(1)当改变负荷为2.4m3/d、3m3/d时,回流量为125%时,COD、氨氮、总氮的去除率分别为36.4%-77.4%,63.4%-93.5%,26%-50%和36%-53.6%,76%-93．2%,20.8%-44.7%。
(2)在2.4m3/d低负荷下运行时,无回流条件下,其COD、氨氮、总氮的去除率分别为25%-60.8%,75.3%-94.3%,8.5%-29%；有回流为125%时,系统对新运粮河水各项水质指标有很好的去除效果。
(3)基质浓度与有机物降解速率满足一级动力学方程式：；出水有机物浓度可由下式估算：
Dianchi lake watershed is located in the eastern of yunnan-guizhou plateau. Because it is the lowest point of Dianchi lake watershed, there are twenty multiple rivers injected into it appeared of centripetal shapes. These rivers most flow through the farmland, towns, phosphate rock area etc, accepted many urban sewage,and pollution which is scoured by rain such as sewage, rural junk, human feces, sediment etc. At the same time, because of its less natural supplies water, Dianchi lake is polluted very severely. In China, it is a typical heavy polluting lake.
Xinyunliang River, which is located in the west of Kunming PanLongJiang, is the mainly water release and pollution discharge river. In the dianchi lake pollutant carrying river system, xinhe-yunliang river system accepts 41.28% of the whole basin industrial wastewater quantity. This task selects the topic organic pollution river—xinyunliang river as the research object, relying on the comprehensive unfolded engineering which are synthesized renovating and dirt cutting in dianchi lake watershed of the north shore, based on strict dirt cutting, carry out the engineering which is based on biological landscape strengthened denitrification and dephosphorization.
This task includes six topics, biological aerated filter is an important project. Biological aerated filters is developed in recent years which is a wastewater aerobic biological treatment process. Compared with other ordinary activated sludge method, BAF covers a small area (about ordinary active sludge's one third);has a high organic load; needs less investment (save 30%); won't produce sludge bulking and outlet water quality is good etc.
Biological aerated filter removes organic pollutants is mainly due to the efficient biofilm which grows in the packing surface of the stuffing based on the effects of oxidation、filtration、flocculation, so BAF has a strong removal ability of suspended substance and organism. Meanwhile, through controlling dissolved oxygen content, BAF also can produce good nitrification and denitrification. Because BAF covers a small area; needs less investment; be operated easy; can not set up the second pond, it is a kind of new water treatment technologies which has a certain economic benefits and environmental benefits.
The experiment uses polluted river water as the research object, through pilot test to research the BAF system, the research result indicates that:
(1)Under the condition of reflux 125%,when the load are 2.4m3/d and 3m3/d,the removal rates of the COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen removal are respectively 36.4%-77.4%,63.4%-93.5%,26%-50% and 36%-53.6%,76%-93.2%,20.8%-44.7%.
(2)Under the condition of 2.4m3/d, removal rates for the COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen removal are respectively 25%-60.8%,75.3%-94.3%,8.5%-29%; under the condition of reflux 125%, BAF system has a higher effect.
(3)Substrate concentration and organic matter degradation rate satisfy level 1 dynamics equations: effluent water of organic content can be estimated by:
其中流入滇池的新运粮河是昆明主城区盘龙江以西主要的排洪、排污河道。其接纳的工业废水量约占整个流域的41.28%,对滇池的污染贡献最大。本课题以新运粮河作为研究对象,依托正在开展的综合整治新运粮河及滇池北岸治污截污等相关工程,基于严格的治污截污,开展以生物景观化的强化脱氮除磷核心的河道易位水质净化技术进行研究与工程示范。
本项目共包括六个课题,曝气生物滤池是本项目的一个重要课题。曝气生物滤池(Biological Aerated Filter),是近年来国外发展起来的一项废水好氧生物处理工艺。BAF与普通活性污泥法相比,具有占地面积小(约为普通活性污泥的三分之一)、有机负荷高、投资少(节省30%左右)、不会产生污泥膨胀、出水水质好等优点。
曝气生物滤池对污染物的去除主要是由于生长在填料表面的高效率生物膜对污染物的有机氧化、过滤、絮凝网捕等作用产生的,因此BAF具有很强的去除悬浮物、有机物的去除能力。同时,适当控制溶解氧含量,BAF还可以产生良好的硝化及反硝化作用,并且占地面积小、基建投资省、运行管理容易,可以不设二沉池,是一种有一定经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的水处理新技术。
本试验以受污染河水为研究对象,采用曝气生物滤池技术进行强化脱氮除磷,现场中试结果表明：
(1)当改变负荷为2.4m3/d、3m3/d时,回流量为125%时,COD、氨氮、总氮的去除率分别为36.4%-77.4%,63.4%-93.5%,26%-50%和36%-53.6%,76%-93．2%,20.8%-44.7%。
(2)在2.4m3/d低负荷下运行时,无回流条件下,其COD、氨氮、总氮的去除率分别为25%-60.8%,75.3%-94.3%,8.5%-29%；有回流为125%时,系统对新运粮河水各项水质指标有很好的去除效果。
(3)基质浓度与有机物降解速率满足一级动力学方程式：；出水有机物浓度可由下式估算：
Dianchi lake watershed is located in the eastern of yunnan-guizhou plateau. Because it is the lowest point of Dianchi lake watershed, there are twenty multiple rivers injected into it appeared of centripetal shapes. These rivers most flow through the farmland, towns, phosphate rock area etc, accepted many urban sewage,and pollution which is scoured by rain such as sewage, rural junk, human feces, sediment etc. At the same time, because of its less natural supplies water, Dianchi lake is polluted very severely. In China, it is a typical heavy polluting lake.
Xinyunliang River, which is located in the west of Kunming PanLongJiang, is the mainly water release and pollution discharge river. In the dianchi lake pollutant carrying river system, xinhe-yunliang river system accepts 41.28% of the whole basin industrial wastewater quantity. This task selects the topic organic pollution river—xinyunliang river as the research object, relying on the comprehensive unfolded engineering which are synthesized renovating and dirt cutting in dianchi lake watershed of the north shore, based on strict dirt cutting, carry out the engineering which is based on biological landscape strengthened denitrification and dephosphorization.
This task includes six topics, biological aerated filter is an important project. Biological aerated filters is developed in recent years which is a wastewater aerobic biological treatment process. Compared with other ordinary activated sludge method, BAF covers a small area (about ordinary active sludge's one third);has a high organic load; needs less investment (save 30%); won't produce sludge bulking and outlet water quality is good etc.
Biological aerated filter removes organic pollutants is mainly due to the efficient biofilm which grows in the packing surface of the stuffing based on the effects of oxidation、filtration、flocculation, so BAF has a strong removal ability of suspended substance and organism. Meanwhile, through controlling dissolved oxygen content, BAF also can produce good nitrification and denitrification. Because BAF covers a small area; needs less investment; be operated easy; can not set up the second pond, it is a kind of new water treatment technologies which has a certain economic benefits and environmental benefits.
The experiment uses polluted river water as the research object, through pilot test to research the BAF system, the research result indicates that:
(1)Under the condition of reflux 125%,when the load are 2.4m3/d and 3m3/d,the removal rates of the COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen removal are respectively 36.4%-77.4%,63.4%-93.5%,26%-50% and 36%-53.6%,76%-93.2%,20.8%-44.7%.
(2)Under the condition of 2.4m3/d, removal rates for the COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen removal are respectively 25%-60.8%,75.3%-94.3%,8.5%-29%; under the condition of reflux 125%, BAF system has a higher effect.
(3)Substrate concentration and organic matter degradation rate satisfy level 1 dynamics equations: effluent water of organic content can be estimated by:
引文
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[4]黄仲杰.我国城市供水现状、问题与对策.给水排水.1998,24(2)：18-20.
[5]Wijeykoon S, Mion T, Satoh H. Fixed bed biological aerated filtration for secondary effluent polishing-effect of filtration rate on nitrifying biological activity distribution. WatSci Tech,2000,41(1): 187-195.
[6]Seguret F, Racault Y. Hydrodynamic behavior of a full-scale submerged bio-filter and its possible influence on performance. WatSci Tech,1998,38(8-9):249-256.
[7]郑俊,吴浩汀,程寒飞编著.曝气生物滤池污水处理新技术及工程实例.北京：化学工业出版社,2002.
[8]朱柱,李和平,郑泽根.固定化细胞技术中的载体材料及其在环境治理中的应用.重庆建筑大学学报.2000,22(5)：95.
[9]张磊,郎建峰等.生物膜法在污水处理中的研究应用.水科学与工程技术.2010(5)：38-41.
[10]王炜亮,毕学军,张波等.曝气生物滤池的特点、应用及发展.污染防治技术.2003,16(4)124-128.
[11]刘雨,赵庆良,郑兴灿编著.生物膜法污水处理技术.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[12]余淦申编著.生物接触氧化法处理技术.杭州：浙江科学技术出版社,1982.
[13]王家玲编著.环境微生物学.北京：高等教育出版社,2004.
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[15]刘富军,郭福生,曾华等.生物转盘在污水处理中的研究进展.工业安全与环保.2007,33(9)32-33.
[16]赵贤慧.生物接触氧化法及其研究进展.工业安全与环保.2010,36(9)：26-28.
[17]汪德进.生物流化床处理废水的研究进展.地下水.2007,29(2)：69-72.
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