传热用金属纤维多孔材料的制备和性能研究
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摘要
传热是我们生活中一种普遍现象,是现代工业中各个领域面临的共性问题。随着世界经济的快速发展,常规能源不断减少,人们在开发新能源的同时更加注重了节约能源的研究。强化传热是一种新近发展起来的高效传热技术,具有较高的传热效率,已成为传热研究领域的一个重要课题。在强化传热技术中,强化换热材料是强化传热领域的一个重要方面。在强化换热材料中,金属纤维以其独特的优势成为一种具有很好发展前途的换热材料。
现如今金属多孔表面大多采用火焰喷涂法、机械加工法、复合法、粉末烧结法以及有序丝网烧结法制备,金属纤维多孔材料用于强化传热是传热学领域一个重要的研究方向,对于烧结金属纤维法制备传热用金属多孔材料的研究还很少。
本文采用烧结法制备不同参数的传热用金属纤维多孔材料,重点研究了不锈钢和紫铜两种金属纤维多孔材料不同的制备工艺,探索出两种材料最佳烧结温度。通过实验摸索出一整套从原材料→铺制→烧结→修整→成品适合金属纤维多孔材料的制备工艺。用此方法制备的金属纤维多孔材料表面无污染,纤维之间结合紧密,材料内部孔隙结构均匀。
本论文重点研究了材质以及结构参数对金属纤维多孔材料池沸腾传热性能的影响。结果表明,制备的金属纤维多孔材料具备较高的传热性能,传热效果与光表面比最大可提高6倍;金属纤维多孔材料在常压下的传热性能并不随纤维丝径和材料厚度的变化呈递增或递减;在孔隙率为80～90%的高孔隙率下,金属纤维多孔材料的传热性能随着孔隙率的降低而增强,80%的传热效果最好。
本论文对于高效换热器的研究与开发具有重要的参考价值。
Thermal transmission is a general phenomenon in our life and a similarity faced by the modern industries. Nowadays, with world economy growing rapidly, the conventional energy is decreasing at the same time. People should pay more attention on the research of energy conservation, while exploiting new energy resources. So that the technology of enhanced heat transfer appears at this time, and become an important subject in the heat-transfer research field. Material is one of most important aspect of enhanced heat transfer. Among all the enhanced heat transfer materials, metal fiber porous materials is one of the best potential heat-transfer materials because of its unique advantages.
There are many methods for fabrication metal porous coatings, such as machining, sintering or brazing of particles, electrolytic deposition, flame spraying and ordered wire mesh structures. Heat transfer metal fibre porous materials is one of the important research directions in the field of enhanced heat transfer. But the research on metal fibre porous materials which is prepared by sintered metal fiber has not be extensivly concerned.
In this thesis, the heat transfer metal fiber porous materials of stainless steel and copper fiber were prepared by sintering process whose procedure is as follow: fiber→cutting→paving→sintering→trimming→products. The optimal sintering temperatures changed with the fiber diameter. For dissimilar materials, the sintering temperatures were also different. The Scanning Electron Microscopy was show that the materials fabricated present symmetrical interpretation pore structures with randomly stacked fibers and high specific surface.
The effects of material type and structure on the behavior of pool boiling heat transfer were experimentally studied. The experiment results showed that the porous materials present excellent heat transfer performance, the heat transfer coefficient of sintered copper fiber materials is about seven times higher than plain surface. The results also showed that : In the condition of atmospheric pressur, the transfer properties of the metal fibre porous materials did not depend on the biber diameter and thickness of the samples.In the range of 80-90%, with the decrease of porositys, the heat transfer increases. When the porosity was 80%, the heat transfer property reached to the maximum.
The result of this thesis is valuable for the research and exploitation of highly active heat-change facilities.
The research of this dissertation is funded by National "973" Project (project No.2006CB601200)
现如今金属多孔表面大多采用火焰喷涂法、机械加工法、复合法、粉末烧结法以及有序丝网烧结法制备,金属纤维多孔材料用于强化传热是传热学领域一个重要的研究方向,对于烧结金属纤维法制备传热用金属多孔材料的研究还很少。
本文采用烧结法制备不同参数的传热用金属纤维多孔材料,重点研究了不锈钢和紫铜两种金属纤维多孔材料不同的制备工艺,探索出两种材料最佳烧结温度。通过实验摸索出一整套从原材料→铺制→烧结→修整→成品适合金属纤维多孔材料的制备工艺。用此方法制备的金属纤维多孔材料表面无污染,纤维之间结合紧密,材料内部孔隙结构均匀。
本论文重点研究了材质以及结构参数对金属纤维多孔材料池沸腾传热性能的影响。结果表明,制备的金属纤维多孔材料具备较高的传热性能,传热效果与光表面比最大可提高6倍;金属纤维多孔材料在常压下的传热性能并不随纤维丝径和材料厚度的变化呈递增或递减;在孔隙率为80～90%的高孔隙率下,金属纤维多孔材料的传热性能随着孔隙率的降低而增强,80%的传热效果最好。
本论文对于高效换热器的研究与开发具有重要的参考价值。
Thermal transmission is a general phenomenon in our life and a similarity faced by the modern industries. Nowadays, with world economy growing rapidly, the conventional energy is decreasing at the same time. People should pay more attention on the research of energy conservation, while exploiting new energy resources. So that the technology of enhanced heat transfer appears at this time, and become an important subject in the heat-transfer research field. Material is one of most important aspect of enhanced heat transfer. Among all the enhanced heat transfer materials, metal fiber porous materials is one of the best potential heat-transfer materials because of its unique advantages.
There are many methods for fabrication metal porous coatings, such as machining, sintering or brazing of particles, electrolytic deposition, flame spraying and ordered wire mesh structures. Heat transfer metal fibre porous materials is one of the important research directions in the field of enhanced heat transfer. But the research on metal fibre porous materials which is prepared by sintered metal fiber has not be extensivly concerned.
In this thesis, the heat transfer metal fiber porous materials of stainless steel and copper fiber were prepared by sintering process whose procedure is as follow: fiber→cutting→paving→sintering→trimming→products. The optimal sintering temperatures changed with the fiber diameter. For dissimilar materials, the sintering temperatures were also different. The Scanning Electron Microscopy was show that the materials fabricated present symmetrical interpretation pore structures with randomly stacked fibers and high specific surface.
The effects of material type and structure on the behavior of pool boiling heat transfer were experimentally studied. The experiment results showed that the porous materials present excellent heat transfer performance, the heat transfer coefficient of sintered copper fiber materials is about seven times higher than plain surface. The results also showed that : In the condition of atmospheric pressur, the transfer properties of the metal fibre porous materials did not depend on the biber diameter and thickness of the samples.In the range of 80-90%, with the decrease of porositys, the heat transfer increases. When the porosity was 80%, the heat transfer property reached to the maximum.
The result of this thesis is valuable for the research and exploitation of highly active heat-change facilities.
The research of this dissertation is funded by National "973" Project (project No.2006CB601200)
引文
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[9]A.Franco,E.M.Latrofa,V.V.Yagov.Heat transfer enhancement in pool boiling of a refrigerant fluild with wire nets structures[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science30(2006) 263-275
[10]崔海亭,彭培英.强化传热新技术及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.11
[11]谭华玉,高春阳,刘立新.复合金属丝网表面强化沸腾传热的研究进展[J].石油化工设备技术,2005,26(5).38
[12]马同泽,张正芳,李慧群.烧结网多孔表面的沸腾换热[J].工程热物理学报,1984,5(2):164-171
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[14]司广树.水平多孔槽道中传热和流动研究:[硕士论文].北京:清华大学热能工程系,2000
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[18]施明恒,甘永平,马重芳.沸腾与凝结.北京:高等教育出版社,12:303
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[35]Zhao XB,Zhang HJ.Experimental Study of Pool Boiling Heat Transfer from Powder Porous Surface at High Heat Flux[C].In Advances in Phase Change Heat Transfer,Xin Mingdao,ed.International Academic Publisher and Chong qing University Press,1988:236-241
[36]Tianjin University.China Patent,CN 1053119A[P],1991-7-17
[37]刘贞贞,赵镇南.机械加工表面多孔管外池核沸腾实验研究[J].石油化工设备,2006,35(4):21-24
[38]Lin Zhiping,Ma Tongze,Zhang Zhengfang.Investigation of enhanced boiling heat transfer from porous surfaces.Journal of thermal science[J].1994
[39]Wu Wei,Du Jianhua,Hu Xuejiao,et al.Pool boiling heat transfer and simplified one-dimensional model for prediction on coated porous surfaces with vapor channels.International journal of heat and mass transfer[J].2002(45):1117-1125
[40]Gottzrnan C F,et al.High Efficiency Heat Exchangers[J].Chemical Eng.Progress,1973,69(7):69-75
[41]谭华玉,高春阳,刘立新.多孔表面的制造方法及强化沸腾传热效果的比较[J].流体机械,2006,(1):80-85
[42]Bergles A E,Chyu M C.Characteristics Of Nucleate Pool Boiling from Porous Metallic Coatings[J].Journal of Heat Transfer,1982,104(2):279-285
[43]Nishikawa K Ito T.Augmentation Of Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer by Prepared Surface[C].In Heat Transfer in Energy Problem,Mizushina,T.and Yang,W.J.eds.Hemisphere,Washington,D.C,1982:111-118
[44]Afgan N H,Jovic L A,Kovalev S A,et al.Boiling Heat Transfer from Surfaces with Porous with Porous Layer[J].Int J Heat and Mass Transfer,1985,28(2):415-422
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[2]赵孝保.喷涂多孔表面沸腾传热实验研究[J].南京师大学报,2001,1,(3)
[3]Fritz W,Ende W.Berechnung des maximalvolumens von dampfslasen[J].Physik,Zeitschr,36,1935:379-384
[4]Griffith P and W allis J D.The ro le of surface conditions in nucleate boiling[J].Chem.Eng ng.P rog.S ym p.Series,1960,56:491
[5]Nishkawa,K.and Ito,T.Augmentation of nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer by Prepared Surface,Heat Transfer with Energy Engineering.United States and Japan Joint Conf[C],1980
[6]U A Zeigarnik,F P Ivanov,N P Ikranikov.Experimental Date on Heat Transfer and Hydraulic Resistance in Unregulated Porous Structures[J].Teploenergetika,1991,(2):33-38
[7]G J Hwang,C H Chao.Heat Transfer Measurement and Analysis for Sintered Porous Channels..of heat Transfer[J],1994,116:456-464
[8]W H Hsieh,S F Lu.Heat Transfer Analysis of Thermally Developing Region of Annular Porous Media.In:Proc.of 1111 Int[J].Heat Transfer Conference.Kyongju,Korea,1998.4:447-452
[9]A.Franco,E.M.Latrofa,V.V.Yagov.Heat transfer enhancement in pool boiling of a refrigerant fluild with wire nets structures[J].Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science30(2006) 263-275
[10]崔海亭,彭培英.强化传热新技术及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.11
[11]谭华玉,高春阳,刘立新.复合金属丝网表面强化沸腾传热的研究进展[J].石油化工设备技术,2005,26(5).38
[12]马同泽,张正芳,李慧群.烧结网多孔表面的沸腾换热[J].工程热物理学报,1984,5(2):164-171
[13]王湛.流体在平行多孔槽道中的对流换热研究:[硕士论文].北京:清华大学热能工程系,1997
[14]司广树.水平多孔槽道中传热和流动研究:[硕士论文].北京:清华大学热能工程系,2000
[15]Pei Xue jiang,Zhan Wang,Ren Ze-Pei.Experimental Research of Forced Convection Heat Transfer in Plate Channel Filled with Glass or Metallic Particles.Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,1999,20:45-54
[16]卢天健,何德坪,陈常青,赵长颖,方岱宁,王小林.超轻多孔金属材料的多功能特性及应用[J].力学进展.2006.36(4):517-535
[17]黄崇林,钟经山.表面多孔管强化传热机理[J].大众科技.2007.12
[18]施明恒,甘永平,马重芳.沸腾与凝结.北京:高等教育出版社,12:303
[19]Han Chi - Yeh,Griffith P.The mechanism of heat transfer in nucleate fer[J].1997,40:3675-3688
[20]Mikic B B,Rohsenow WM.A new correlation of pool - boiling data in2 cluding the effect of heating surface characteristics[J].Transaction of ASME,Journal of Heat Transfer,1969,92:245-250
[21]Judd RL,Hwang KS.A comprehensive model for nucleate pool boiling heat transfer including microlayer evaporation[J].Journal of Heat Transfer.1976.99:624-629
[22]Benjamin R J,Balakrishnan A R.Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of pure liquids at low to moderate heat fluxes[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1996,39:2495-2504
[23]Haider S Iman,Webb Ralph L.A transient micro - convection model of nucleate pool boiling[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transdes maximalvolumens yon dampfslasen.Physik,Zeitschr,36,1935:379-384
[24]Tew W.High-flux heat-exchange surface allows areas to be cut by over 80%[J].The Oil and Gas Journal,1971,69(52):118
[25]Gotmnan C F,O Neill P S.High efficiency heat exchanger[J].Chem Eng Prog.1973,69(7):69
[26]O'Neill P S,Gottnnan C F,Terbot J W.Novel Heat Exchsnger Increase Cascade Cycle Efficiency for Natural Gas liquefaction[C].In Advances sin Cryogenic Engineering,Tirmmerhaus,K.D,ed.Plenum,New York,1972:420-437
[27]刘阿龙,徐宏,王学生,刘宽宏,王玉成,侯峰.换热器烧结型表面多孔管综述[J].石油化工设备,2005,34(1):47-49
[28]刘培生.多孔材料引论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004,8
[29]汤慧萍,张正德.金属多孔材料发展现状[J].稀有金属材料与工程,1997,26(1):1-6
[30]翟贵立,林瑞泰,蔡义汉.烧结型多孔表面管强化沸腾传热的研究[J].天津大学学报,1987,(3):63-70
[31]王学生,许宏,侯峰,刘阿龙.强化相变传热换热管束的制造技术[J].压力容器,2006,23(1):29-32
[32]谭志明,邓颂九.多孔表面强化沸腾传热的研究[J].节能技术,1990,(2):9-14
[33]陈振兴,蔡祺凤.烧结型表面多孔管的沸腾传热研究[J].轻金属,1994,(4):10-14
[34]赵孝保.喷涂多孔表面沸腾传热实验研究[J].南京师范大学学报,2001,1(3):12-16
[35]Zhao XB,Zhang HJ.Experimental Study of Pool Boiling Heat Transfer from Powder Porous Surface at High Heat Flux[C].In Advances in Phase Change Heat Transfer,Xin Mingdao,ed.International Academic Publisher and Chong qing University Press,1988:236-241
[36]Tianjin University.China Patent,CN 1053119A[P],1991-7-17
[37]刘贞贞,赵镇南.机械加工表面多孔管外池核沸腾实验研究[J].石油化工设备,2006,35(4):21-24
[38]Lin Zhiping,Ma Tongze,Zhang Zhengfang.Investigation of enhanced boiling heat transfer from porous surfaces.Journal of thermal science[J].1994
[39]Wu Wei,Du Jianhua,Hu Xuejiao,et al.Pool boiling heat transfer and simplified one-dimensional model for prediction on coated porous surfaces with vapor channels.International journal of heat and mass transfer[J].2002(45):1117-1125
[40]Gottzrnan C F,et al.High Efficiency Heat Exchangers[J].Chemical Eng.Progress,1973,69(7):69-75
[41]谭华玉,高春阳,刘立新.多孔表面的制造方法及强化沸腾传热效果的比较[J].流体机械,2006,(1):80-85
[42]Bergles A E,Chyu M C.Characteristics Of Nucleate Pool Boiling from Porous Metallic Coatings[J].Journal of Heat Transfer,1982,104(2):279-285
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