基于无线传感器网络技术的远程医疗监护系统的研制
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摘要
无线传感器网络(Wireless sensor network)技术是一种新型的网络通信技术。它综合了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、通信技术、分布式信息处理技术、微电子制造技术和网络技术等,能够实时监测、感知、采集和传输网络监控区域内各种环境或监测对象的信息,具有低成本、低功耗、易分布等特点,无论是在国防军事还是国民经济各个领域均有着广阔的应用前景,尤其在病人数据采集、跟踪治疗、移动观察、远程医疗等医疗领域都有很大的应用前景和推广价值。对该技术的深入研究与推广应用将推动我国医疗信息化建设的进程,极大地带动相关产业和学科的发展,从而进一步提升我国的综合国力。
本文论述的远程医疗监护系统是基于ZigBee无线传感器网络技术并在此基础上开发的。该系统采用了超低功耗MSP430单片机和CC2420射频芯片,同时利用CC2431芯片进行节点定位。该系统移植了ZigBee 2006标准的协议栈,并在此协议栈的基础上,通过上位机软件和加载的各种生理数据采集程序,实时地采集被监护者的生理数据,如脉搏、血压、血氧饱和度、心电等,并通过无线传感器网络将采集得数据传输给远程医疗监护中心;监护中心的软件可以显示各节点的数据信息,这些信息包含了被监护者的位置和健康状况,为及时有效的医疗指导提供了便利。该系统各节点体积小,功耗低,兼容性强,可以和不同硬件平台混合组网。本文重点介绍了处理器模块,数据采集模块和无线通讯模块等硬件电路的设计,并编写了生理数据采集程序、移植Z-Stack协议栈及定位程序,最后对系统进行整体的实验及调试。该系统在定位过程中信号稳定,通信良好,接收到的数据准确,节点定位精度高,达到了系统定位的要求。实验证明了该系统的稳定性及可靠性。在今后的远程医疗监控方面,该系统具有很高的实用价值,对远程医疗的发展有一定的促进作用。
The wireless sensor network is a new network communication technique that integrates the sensor, the embedded computing, communication, distributed info-processing, the microelectronic manufacturing and network technologies, etc. It can monitor, sense, acquire and transmit various environmental information or monitored objects’information in network monitoring regions in real time. It has the features of low-cost, low-power-dissipated and easy-distributed. In many areas of military, national defense and national economy, it has a broad application prospects and spreading potentiality, especially in the medical treatment. It can be used for acquisition of the patient data, tracking treatment, mobile observation, and telemedicine. Its deep research and spreading application will promote the info-construction of medical treatment in China. It can speed up the development of related domains and subjects, and further enhance China’s overall nation power accordingly.
The paper deals with the monitoring system based on ZigBee wireless sensor network technique in details. The system adopts very low-power MSP430 single-chipped microprocessor and CC2420 radio frequency chip. And the CC2431chip is used for node positioning. The system transplants the standard protocol stack of ZigBee 2006. By the upper computer software and programs of various physiological data acquisition, the physiological data of warded people, such as the pulse, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation and electrocardiogram, are gathered by the PC software in real time, then the collected data are transmitted to the telemedical monitoring center through the wireless sensor network. The data information of each node, including the location and health status of the warded people, can be displayed by the monitoring center software. It makes timely and effective medical guidance possible. The system is small- sized, low-power-dissipated and strongly compatible and can be connected to network with different hardware platforms. The author mainly introduces hardware circuit design of processor module, data acquisition module, and wireless communication module, implements the physiological data acquisition program, transplants Z-Stack protocol stack, positions and carries through the experiments, and debugs. During the positioning process, the system has stable signals and good communication status. The received data are accurate and the precision of node positioning is high. The design achieves the demands of system positioning. Experiments prove that the system has good stability and security. It has very high practical value and promoting function in telemedical monitoring field in the future.
本文论述的远程医疗监护系统是基于ZigBee无线传感器网络技术并在此基础上开发的。该系统采用了超低功耗MSP430单片机和CC2420射频芯片,同时利用CC2431芯片进行节点定位。该系统移植了ZigBee 2006标准的协议栈,并在此协议栈的基础上,通过上位机软件和加载的各种生理数据采集程序,实时地采集被监护者的生理数据,如脉搏、血压、血氧饱和度、心电等,并通过无线传感器网络将采集得数据传输给远程医疗监护中心;监护中心的软件可以显示各节点的数据信息,这些信息包含了被监护者的位置和健康状况,为及时有效的医疗指导提供了便利。该系统各节点体积小,功耗低,兼容性强,可以和不同硬件平台混合组网。本文重点介绍了处理器模块,数据采集模块和无线通讯模块等硬件电路的设计,并编写了生理数据采集程序、移植Z-Stack协议栈及定位程序,最后对系统进行整体的实验及调试。该系统在定位过程中信号稳定,通信良好,接收到的数据准确,节点定位精度高,达到了系统定位的要求。实验证明了该系统的稳定性及可靠性。在今后的远程医疗监控方面,该系统具有很高的实用价值,对远程医疗的发展有一定的促进作用。
The wireless sensor network is a new network communication technique that integrates the sensor, the embedded computing, communication, distributed info-processing, the microelectronic manufacturing and network technologies, etc. It can monitor, sense, acquire and transmit various environmental information or monitored objects’information in network monitoring regions in real time. It has the features of low-cost, low-power-dissipated and easy-distributed. In many areas of military, national defense and national economy, it has a broad application prospects and spreading potentiality, especially in the medical treatment. It can be used for acquisition of the patient data, tracking treatment, mobile observation, and telemedicine. Its deep research and spreading application will promote the info-construction of medical treatment in China. It can speed up the development of related domains and subjects, and further enhance China’s overall nation power accordingly.
The paper deals with the monitoring system based on ZigBee wireless sensor network technique in details. The system adopts very low-power MSP430 single-chipped microprocessor and CC2420 radio frequency chip. And the CC2431chip is used for node positioning. The system transplants the standard protocol stack of ZigBee 2006. By the upper computer software and programs of various physiological data acquisition, the physiological data of warded people, such as the pulse, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation and electrocardiogram, are gathered by the PC software in real time, then the collected data are transmitted to the telemedical monitoring center through the wireless sensor network. The data information of each node, including the location and health status of the warded people, can be displayed by the monitoring center software. It makes timely and effective medical guidance possible. The system is small- sized, low-power-dissipated and strongly compatible and can be connected to network with different hardware platforms. The author mainly introduces hardware circuit design of processor module, data acquisition module, and wireless communication module, implements the physiological data acquisition program, transplants Z-Stack protocol stack, positions and carries through the experiments, and debugs. During the positioning process, the system has stable signals and good communication status. The received data are accurate and the precision of node positioning is high. The design achieves the demands of system positioning. Experiments prove that the system has good stability and security. It has very high practical value and promoting function in telemedical monitoring field in the future.
引文
[1]滕晓菲,张元亭.移动医疗:穿戴式医疗仪器的发展趋势[J].中国医疗器械杂志,2006,30(5):302-340.
[2] MAGLAVES N.Citizen health system:telehealth homecare[J] .Studies in Health Technology and Informatics,2003,92:117-125.
[3] BRATAIUN T,Clarke M.Optimum Design of RemotePatient Monitoring Systems[C] . Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society ,2006 . EMBS 06 . 28th Annual International Con-ference of the IEEE. 2006,8,8:6465-6468.
[4]夏俐,陈曦,赵千川等.无线传感器网络及应用[J] .自动化信息, 2004,12:12-15.
[5] WARD.J.A,ANLIKER,Uet al.AMON:Awearable multiparameter medical monitoring and alert system[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Technology inBiomedicine,2004,8,8 (4) :415-427.
[6]金桂秋,张可经,崔大祥.远程医疗的现状及未来应用方向分析[J].西南国防医药,2001,12(3):68-73.
[7]张田勘.远程医疗的现实与理想[J].记者观察,2001,7(3):103-106.
[8]瞿雷,一种新的无线网络通讯技术ZigBee[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,01(7):42-45.
[9]金纯,许光辰,孙睿,蓝牙技术[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2001:(4):57-78.
[10]金纯,蒋小宇,罗祖秋,ZigBee与蓝牙的分析与比较[J],信息技术与标准化,2004,06:17-20.
[11]毕志明.WLAN技术与应用发展新趋势[J],世界电信.2006,(05):124-126.
[12]建山.近距离无线通信(NFC)技术浅述[J] ,数码世界,2005,(11):64-67.
[13]蔡型,张思全.短距离无线通讯技术综述[J].现代电子技术.2004,(11):52~54.
[14]于海滨,曾鹏.分布式无线传感器网络协议研究[J].通信学报,2004,25(10) :102-110.
[15] JASON Hill,DAVID Culler.A Wireless Embedded Sensor Architecture for System-Level Optimization[J].in Submission to USENIXA SPLOS’02,2002:25-28.
[16] ROBERT Szewezk. System Architecture Directions for Net-worked Sensors[J].In ASPLOS,2000:33-35.
[17] TEZCNA N,WENY W,ChowMo-Yuen.A bidierctional relibale transport mechnaism for wierless sensor newtokrs[C].Military Communications Conefrence,2005,2:1193-1199.
[18] EIDEMANN J,ESTRI D.Medium Access Control with Coordinated Adaptive Sleeping for Wireless Sensor Networks[J] . IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,2004,12(3) :493-506.
[19] J.Polastre,J.Hill,D.Culler.Versatile Low Power Media Aeeess for Wireless Sensor Networks[C].Proc.2nd ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems,Baltimore,MD,USA,2004:95-107.
[20]刘敏钰,吴泳,伍卫国.无线传感网络(WSN)研究[J].微电子学与计算机,2005,(7):58-61.
[21]吴小燕,聂欣,朱艺华.一种适用于单向ad-hoc网络的连通支配集算法[J] .传感技术学报,2006,19(03):905-907.
[22]刘丽,何加铭,陈志君等.直接序列扩频接收机同步技术研究[J] .宁波大学学报(理工版) ,2006,12(02):136-139.
[23]王光,田斌,吴勉等.直接序列扩频通信中m序列的同步方案及其FPGA实现[J] .电子科技,2006,9(03) :46-49.
[24]聂世群,田伟莉.IEEE802.11MAC层CSMA/CA机制的分析与研究[J] .内江科技,2007,6(06) :34-38.
[25]龚国强,葛万成.基于IEEE 80215.4 MAC协议电能量自动抄表系统[J] .同济大学学报(自然科学版) ,2008,10(06) :47-50.
[26]胡大可.MSP430系列Flash型超低功耗16位单片机[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001:65-81.
[27]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙.MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:115-137.
[28] WILHELMA F H,PFALTZA M C,GROSSMAN P Continuous electronic data capture of physiology,behavior and experience in real life:towardsecological momentary assessment of option [J].Interacting with Compu-ters 2006,18:171-168
[29] TACHAKRA,R.Istephanian.Mobile e-Health:The Unwired Evolution of Telemedicine.Telemedicine Journal and Health.Vol.9,Number 3,2003.
[30] YANG Yan , WANG Li . Architecture for body sensor networks [C].IEEE Proceedings of the Perspective in Pervasive Computing,2005,03:23-28.
[31]赵泽,崔莉.一种基于无线传感器网络的远程医疗监护系统[J] .信息与控制,2006,35 (2) :265-269.
[32] SU San,L.Mitchell,PIL S. Park.Terminal Care for Persons with Advanced Dementia in the Nursing Home and Home Care Settings,Journal of Palliative Medicine,2004,06:808-816.
[33] Smart RF CC2420 PRELIMINARY Datasheet [S] .AS Chipcon Oslo,Norway,2004.
[34]董挺挺,沙超,王汝传.基于CC2420的无线传感器网络节点的设计[J].电子工程师,2007,33(4):67-70.
[35]袁安民,赵颖辉,陈亿.一种复合巴伦功分器电路的设计[J].微波学报,2008,5 (2) :165-168.
[36] ChiPcon,http://focus.ti.com.cn/cn/lit/ds/symlink/cc2431.pdf
[37]诸强,王学民,胡宾等,无线远程医疗系统[J].北京生物医学工程,2004,23(3):225-227.
[38]胡大可.MSP430系列单片机C语言程序设计与开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003:78-109.
[39] Texas Instruments , Inc . Z-Stack Download . http//:www.ti.com/z-stack.2007.7
[40]耿萌,张效义,欲宏毅.ZigBee路由技术研究[J].传感器与微系统,2006,25(11) :82-85.
[41]周贤伟,刘宾,覃伯平.无线传感器网络的路由算法研究[J] .传感技术学报,2006,19(02) :163-167.
[42]李文仲,段朝玉.ZigBee2006无线网络与无线定位实战[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008:246-256.
[43]彭刚,曹元大.孙利民无线传感器网络节点定位机制的研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2006,40(35) :27-29.
[44]孙学斌,周正.无线传感器网中目标定位算法的研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2004,3(35):32-34.
[2] MAGLAVES N.Citizen health system:telehealth homecare[J] .Studies in Health Technology and Informatics,2003,92:117-125.
[3] BRATAIUN T,Clarke M.Optimum Design of RemotePatient Monitoring Systems[C] . Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society ,2006 . EMBS 06 . 28th Annual International Con-ference of the IEEE. 2006,8,8:6465-6468.
[4]夏俐,陈曦,赵千川等.无线传感器网络及应用[J] .自动化信息, 2004,12:12-15.
[5] WARD.J.A,ANLIKER,Uet al.AMON:Awearable multiparameter medical monitoring and alert system[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Technology inBiomedicine,2004,8,8 (4) :415-427.
[6]金桂秋,张可经,崔大祥.远程医疗的现状及未来应用方向分析[J].西南国防医药,2001,12(3):68-73.
[7]张田勘.远程医疗的现实与理想[J].记者观察,2001,7(3):103-106.
[8]瞿雷,一种新的无线网络通讯技术ZigBee[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,01(7):42-45.
[9]金纯,许光辰,孙睿,蓝牙技术[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2001:(4):57-78.
[10]金纯,蒋小宇,罗祖秋,ZigBee与蓝牙的分析与比较[J],信息技术与标准化,2004,06:17-20.
[11]毕志明.WLAN技术与应用发展新趋势[J],世界电信.2006,(05):124-126.
[12]建山.近距离无线通信(NFC)技术浅述[J] ,数码世界,2005,(11):64-67.
[13]蔡型,张思全.短距离无线通讯技术综述[J].现代电子技术.2004,(11):52~54.
[14]于海滨,曾鹏.分布式无线传感器网络协议研究[J].通信学报,2004,25(10) :102-110.
[15] JASON Hill,DAVID Culler.A Wireless Embedded Sensor Architecture for System-Level Optimization[J].in Submission to USENIXA SPLOS’02,2002:25-28.
[16] ROBERT Szewezk. System Architecture Directions for Net-worked Sensors[J].In ASPLOS,2000:33-35.
[17] TEZCNA N,WENY W,ChowMo-Yuen.A bidierctional relibale transport mechnaism for wierless sensor newtokrs[C].Military Communications Conefrence,2005,2:1193-1199.
[18] EIDEMANN J,ESTRI D.Medium Access Control with Coordinated Adaptive Sleeping for Wireless Sensor Networks[J] . IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,2004,12(3) :493-506.
[19] J.Polastre,J.Hill,D.Culler.Versatile Low Power Media Aeeess for Wireless Sensor Networks[C].Proc.2nd ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems,Baltimore,MD,USA,2004:95-107.
[20]刘敏钰,吴泳,伍卫国.无线传感网络(WSN)研究[J].微电子学与计算机,2005,(7):58-61.
[21]吴小燕,聂欣,朱艺华.一种适用于单向ad-hoc网络的连通支配集算法[J] .传感技术学报,2006,19(03):905-907.
[22]刘丽,何加铭,陈志君等.直接序列扩频接收机同步技术研究[J] .宁波大学学报(理工版) ,2006,12(02):136-139.
[23]王光,田斌,吴勉等.直接序列扩频通信中m序列的同步方案及其FPGA实现[J] .电子科技,2006,9(03) :46-49.
[24]聂世群,田伟莉.IEEE802.11MAC层CSMA/CA机制的分析与研究[J] .内江科技,2007,6(06) :34-38.
[25]龚国强,葛万成.基于IEEE 80215.4 MAC协议电能量自动抄表系统[J] .同济大学学报(自然科学版) ,2008,10(06) :47-50.
[26]胡大可.MSP430系列Flash型超低功耗16位单片机[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001:65-81.
[27]沈建华,杨艳琴,翟骁曙.MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:115-137.
[28] WILHELMA F H,PFALTZA M C,GROSSMAN P Continuous electronic data capture of physiology,behavior and experience in real life:towardsecological momentary assessment of option [J].Interacting with Compu-ters 2006,18:171-168
[29] TACHAKRA,R.Istephanian.Mobile e-Health:The Unwired Evolution of Telemedicine.Telemedicine Journal and Health.Vol.9,Number 3,2003.
[30] YANG Yan , WANG Li . Architecture for body sensor networks [C].IEEE Proceedings of the Perspective in Pervasive Computing,2005,03:23-28.
[31]赵泽,崔莉.一种基于无线传感器网络的远程医疗监护系统[J] .信息与控制,2006,35 (2) :265-269.
[32] SU San,L.Mitchell,PIL S. Park.Terminal Care for Persons with Advanced Dementia in the Nursing Home and Home Care Settings,Journal of Palliative Medicine,2004,06:808-816.
[33] Smart RF CC2420 PRELIMINARY Datasheet [S] .AS Chipcon Oslo,Norway,2004.
[34]董挺挺,沙超,王汝传.基于CC2420的无线传感器网络节点的设计[J].电子工程师,2007,33(4):67-70.
[35]袁安民,赵颖辉,陈亿.一种复合巴伦功分器电路的设计[J].微波学报,2008,5 (2) :165-168.
[36] ChiPcon,http://focus.ti.com.cn/cn/lit/ds/symlink/cc2431.pdf
[37]诸强,王学民,胡宾等,无线远程医疗系统[J].北京生物医学工程,2004,23(3):225-227.
[38]胡大可.MSP430系列单片机C语言程序设计与开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003:78-109.
[39] Texas Instruments , Inc . Z-Stack Download . http//:www.ti.com/z-stack.2007.7
[40]耿萌,张效义,欲宏毅.ZigBee路由技术研究[J].传感器与微系统,2006,25(11) :82-85.
[41]周贤伟,刘宾,覃伯平.无线传感器网络的路由算法研究[J] .传感技术学报,2006,19(02) :163-167.
[42]李文仲,段朝玉.ZigBee2006无线网络与无线定位实战[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008:246-256.
[43]彭刚,曹元大.孙利民无线传感器网络节点定位机制的研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2006,40(35) :27-29.
[44]孙学斌,周正.无线传感器网中目标定位算法的研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2004,3(35):32-34.