应用DELPHI开发环境快速开发DCS仿真培训系统
摘要
九十年代以来，在我国的石化企业中，随着新装置的建设、旧装置的扩容与改造以及控制系统的更新换代，集散型控制系统得到越来越广泛的应用。与此同时，工厂的规模、复杂程度也不断地加大，对操作人员使用传统的在职培训和课堂教学等培训方法，其效果已经难以令人满意。使用计算机仿真培训系统对操作人员进行培训可有效地弥补传统教学和培训的不足，使培训效率大大地提高。
石化系统内已有20多家单位建立了仿真培训中心，企业内有许多控制、工艺、计算机方面人员和专设的仿真中心。如何充分利用上述人力、物力资源，走自主开发的道路；同时减少开发的投入成本，加快开发速度与效率，成为我们需要研究的课题。本文针对石化企业的DCS仿真培训系统的开发进行了研究与实践，提出应用DELPHI软件开发平台进行DCS仿真培训系统低投入、高效快速开发的策略及具体应用。该开发策略与应用也适用于造纸、制药等其它企业的DCS仿真培训系统开发。
国内DCS仿真培训系统的高效开发主要是使用DCS仿真专用开发平台，专用开发平台有国外购入和自我开发的专用平台。DCS仿真开发专用平台优势在积累了丰富的通用设备数学模型，但现有平台组态出的仿操作站画面与操作模式只能与真实DCS大体一致，未能达到高度逼真程度，有损培训效果。
硬件方面去掉对培训效果影响不大而又昂贵的操作台、专用键盘等设备，以达到低投入目标：软件方面通过配置文件可决定系统单机运行还是多机运行模式，并灵活指定教师指令台、仿操作站和仿现场站。针对不同的DCS控制系统，教师指令台和现场站的开发只需要对控制组态的数据库文件修改、编辑；而操作站的开发则在框架文件内，经修改、增删组件，然后在Delphi开发环境IDE中将一个个组件进行组态，这样达到系统高效快速开发。本文提出的应用Delphi进行仿真培训系统设计与高效快速开发，是吸取了以前九江石化总厂的常减压、气体分馏等装置的仿真系统开发的成功经验，在60万吨加氢精制、30万吨催化重整两套装置的仿真培训系统开发中深入研究、充分应用，并在呼和浩特石化公司加氢精制、催化重整装置的仿真培训系统中验证可行。
In the petrochemical factories of China since 1990, accompanied with the construction of new apparatus, the scale-up of old apparatus and the improvement of control system, the distributed control system (DCS) get more and more applications. Meanwhile, the scale and complexity of the factories are increased, the effects of the traditional training methods such as teaching in classroom are unsatisfactory, because there are only listening, looking and taking notes, and the operational trains of start-up, shut-down and malfunction are very lack. The use of the computer simulation training system in the training of the operators can compensate the shortcoming of traditional teaching and training, and improve the training efficiency significantly.
In the petrochemical industry, there have been more than 20 simulation training centers in the factories. In these centers, there are lots of engineer specialized in process control, chemical engineering and computer technology. How to utilize the human and material resources to develop the computer simulation training system more independently and more quickly with lower costs and higher efficiency is an project which we should study. In this thesis, based on the research and practice in the development of the DCS simulation training systems for petrochemical industry, a new development strategy based on the DELPHI development studio is proposed to develop the simulation training systems more quickly with lower costs and higher efficiency. The strategy can also be applied in the development of the DCS simulation training systems for other industries, such as papermaking or pharmaceutical industry.
The key of the development of simulation training systems is application of DCS simulation development studio. The development studios can be classified into two categories: foreign studios and native studios. The advantages of the DCS simulation development studio is the abundance of general unit model, but the studios available at present cannot configurate DCS operating menu and mode as the same as the true DCS, which reduce the training effect.
The main feature of our new strategy is that the one machine or more machines running mode, the teacher station, the operator station and the field station are assigned by the configuration file. To different DCS, the development of the teacher station and the field station is carried out by editing the database file of control configuration; meanwhile, the development of the operator station is carried out first by editing the components in the frame and then by configurating the components in the IDE of DELPHI. All these measures ensure efficient development.
The new development strategy of the simulation training systems based on the DELPHI development studio is proposed from the successful development experiences of crude oil unit, aromatic extraction unit, gas fractionation unit, polypropylene unit and so on in Jiujiang Petrochemical Factory. The strategy is applied in the development of the simulation training systems for 60xl04t/a hydrorefining unit and 30x104t/a catforming unit in Jiujiang Petrochemical Factory and Huhehaote Petrochemical Factory.
石化系统内已有20多家单位建立了仿真培训中心，企业内有许多控制、工艺、计算机方面人员和专设的仿真中心。如何充分利用上述人力、物力资源，走自主开发的道路；同时减少开发的投入成本，加快开发速度与效率，成为我们需要研究的课题。本文针对石化企业的DCS仿真培训系统的开发进行了研究与实践，提出应用DELPHI软件开发平台进行DCS仿真培训系统低投入、高效快速开发的策略及具体应用。该开发策略与应用也适用于造纸、制药等其它企业的DCS仿真培训系统开发。
国内DCS仿真培训系统的高效开发主要是使用DCS仿真专用开发平台，专用开发平台有国外购入和自我开发的专用平台。DCS仿真开发专用平台优势在积累了丰富的通用设备数学模型，但现有平台组态出的仿操作站画面与操作模式只能与真实DCS大体一致，未能达到高度逼真程度，有损培训效果。
硬件方面去掉对培训效果影响不大而又昂贵的操作台、专用键盘等设备，以达到低投入目标：软件方面通过配置文件可决定系统单机运行还是多机运行模式，并灵活指定教师指令台、仿操作站和仿现场站。针对不同的DCS控制系统，教师指令台和现场站的开发只需要对控制组态的数据库文件修改、编辑；而操作站的开发则在框架文件内，经修改、增删组件，然后在Delphi开发环境IDE中将一个个组件进行组态，这样达到系统高效快速开发。本文提出的应用Delphi进行仿真培训系统设计与高效快速开发，是吸取了以前九江石化总厂的常减压、气体分馏等装置的仿真系统开发的成功经验，在60万吨加氢精制、30万吨催化重整两套装置的仿真培训系统开发中深入研究、充分应用，并在呼和浩特石化公司加氢精制、催化重整装置的仿真培训系统中验证可行。
In the petrochemical factories of China since 1990, accompanied with the construction of new apparatus, the scale-up of old apparatus and the improvement of control system, the distributed control system (DCS) get more and more applications. Meanwhile, the scale and complexity of the factories are increased, the effects of the traditional training methods such as teaching in classroom are unsatisfactory, because there are only listening, looking and taking notes, and the operational trains of start-up, shut-down and malfunction are very lack. The use of the computer simulation training system in the training of the operators can compensate the shortcoming of traditional teaching and training, and improve the training efficiency significantly.
In the petrochemical industry, there have been more than 20 simulation training centers in the factories. In these centers, there are lots of engineer specialized in process control, chemical engineering and computer technology. How to utilize the human and material resources to develop the computer simulation training system more independently and more quickly with lower costs and higher efficiency is an project which we should study. In this thesis, based on the research and practice in the development of the DCS simulation training systems for petrochemical industry, a new development strategy based on the DELPHI development studio is proposed to develop the simulation training systems more quickly with lower costs and higher efficiency. The strategy can also be applied in the development of the DCS simulation training systems for other industries, such as papermaking or pharmaceutical industry.
The key of the development of simulation training systems is application of DCS simulation development studio. The development studios can be classified into two categories: foreign studios and native studios. The advantages of the DCS simulation development studio is the abundance of general unit model, but the studios available at present cannot configurate DCS operating menu and mode as the same as the true DCS, which reduce the training effect.
The main feature of our new strategy is that the one machine or more machines running mode, the teacher station, the operator station and the field station are assigned by the configuration file. To different DCS, the development of the teacher station and the field station is carried out by editing the database file of control configuration; meanwhile, the development of the operator station is carried out first by editing the components in the frame and then by configurating the components in the IDE of DELPHI. All these measures ensure efficient development.
The new development strategy of the simulation training systems based on the DELPHI development studio is proposed from the successful development experiences of crude oil unit, aromatic extraction unit, gas fractionation unit, polypropylene unit and so on in Jiujiang Petrochemical Factory. The strategy is applied in the development of the simulation training systems for 60xl04t/a hydrorefining unit and 30x104t/a catforming unit in Jiujiang Petrochemical Factory and Huhehaote Petrochemical Factory.
引文
1．王扬．训练仿真器概论．信息与控制，1984，13(2)：31·33
2．钱积薪，王慧，邵之江．控制系统的数字仿真及计算机辅助设计．杭州，浙江大学出版社，1995
3．金建设，董文葆。过程工业中的计算机仿真培训系统。化工自动化及仪表，1989，16(6)：40-46
4．王树青，赵鹏程集散型计算机控制系统．杭州，浙江大学出版社，
5．潘再生等，SUPCON JX系列DCS组态软件设计，炼油化工自动化，1996
6．吴重光，沈承林，侯贵海．石油化工仿真培训系统的研制．系统仿真学报，1993，5(1)：31·39
7．陈宗海．过程系统建模与仿真．合肥，中国科学技术大学出版社，1997
8. M. Zhihe Jiang, D.F. Sittig. Developing interactive computer-based simulations:an object-oriented development methodology enhances computer--assistedinstruction. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 1995,470):189-196
9. D.C. Pathe. Process training simulators save in start-up and operations. Oil and Gas Journal, 1985,83(6):74-78
10. R. Fray, S.M. Divakamni. Compact simulators can improve fossil plant operation. Power Engineering, 1995,99(1)JOe-32
11. G. Reinig, P-Winter, V. Linge, et al. Training simulators:Engineering an duse. Chemical Engineering &Technology, 1998,21(9):71 1·716
12. T.W. Mastaglio, R. Callahan. Large-scale complex virtual environment for team training. Computer, 1995,28(7):49-56
13. S.L. Dawson, J.A. Kaufman. Imperative for medical simulation. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1998,86(3):479-483
14. S.Y. Gong, L.C. Liao, Y. X. Han. Architecture of a training simulator based on distributed processing. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magzine, 1996,11(9):8-10
15．游景玉．仿真控制论文集，珠海出版社，1999
16．吴靖．适用于仿真培训系统的化工过程建模与仿真方法．西安交通大学博士学位论文．1997
17．陈未如，王纲，臧春华等。工业过程控制系统组态软件开发及其应用．小型微型计算机系统，1994，15(1)：58-64
18．陈燕虹，吴国视，田华。基于微机的集散控制系统组态软件的设计与研究．测控技术，1997，16(5)：47
19．何国伟。软件的开发、质量管理及可靠性。科技导报，1993，(11)：26·29
20．傅烈勇，顾钟文．I/AS集散控制系统仿真器开发．浙江省自动化学会论文．1997
21．徐志洪，卢建刚，顾钟文．硫磺回收装置DCS仿真系统的开发．石油化工自动化．1999，6(6)：36-38
22．朱丹绯．DCS仿真培训器开发研究．浙江大学博士学位论文．1999
23．刘新华．DCS仿真培训系统开发中的计算机技术及应用．浙江大学硕士学位论文．1998
24．赖晓健．流化床反应器仿真培训模型的研究．浙江大学硕士学位论文．1997
25．A舒尔曼，D．马克西，M．佩特里克，未公开的Windows核心技术。北京，清华大学出版社，1993
26．Microsoft Corporation．Microsoft Win32程序员参考大全〈一、二、三、四、五〉．北京，清华大学出版社，1995
27．Steve Telxeira，Xavier Pacheco．Delphi 5开发人员指南．北京，机械工业出版社2000
28．徐新华编著，Delphi 5高级编程〈一、二、三、四〉．北京，人民邮电出版社2000
29．新智工作室编著，Delphi 5数据库编程．北京，电子工业出版社2000
30．秦绪佳，张济，袁野．Delphi 5类参考详解．北京，清华大学出版社，1999
2．钱积薪，王慧，邵之江．控制系统的数字仿真及计算机辅助设计．杭州，浙江大学出版社，1995
3．金建设，董文葆。过程工业中的计算机仿真培训系统。化工自动化及仪表，1989，16(6)：40-46
4．王树青，赵鹏程集散型计算机控制系统．杭州，浙江大学出版社，
5．潘再生等，SUPCON JX系列DCS组态软件设计，炼油化工自动化，1996
6．吴重光，沈承林，侯贵海．石油化工仿真培训系统的研制．系统仿真学报，1993，5(1)：31·39
7．陈宗海．过程系统建模与仿真．合肥，中国科学技术大学出版社，1997
8. M. Zhihe Jiang, D.F. Sittig. Developing interactive computer-based simulations:an object-oriented development methodology enhances computer--assistedinstruction. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 1995,470):189-196
9. D.C. Pathe. Process training simulators save in start-up and operations. Oil and Gas Journal, 1985,83(6):74-78
10. R. Fray, S.M. Divakamni. Compact simulators can improve fossil plant operation. Power Engineering, 1995,99(1)JOe-32
11. G. Reinig, P-Winter, V. Linge, et al. Training simulators:Engineering an duse. Chemical Engineering &Technology, 1998,21(9):71 1·716
12. T.W. Mastaglio, R. Callahan. Large-scale complex virtual environment for team training. Computer, 1995,28(7):49-56
13. S.L. Dawson, J.A. Kaufman. Imperative for medical simulation. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1998,86(3):479-483
14. S.Y. Gong, L.C. Liao, Y. X. Han. Architecture of a training simulator based on distributed processing. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magzine, 1996,11(9):8-10
15．游景玉．仿真控制论文集，珠海出版社，1999
16．吴靖．适用于仿真培训系统的化工过程建模与仿真方法．西安交通大学博士学位论文．1997
17．陈未如，王纲，臧春华等。工业过程控制系统组态软件开发及其应用．小型微型计算机系统，1994，15(1)：58-64
18．陈燕虹，吴国视，田华。基于微机的集散控制系统组态软件的设计与研究．测控技术，1997，16(5)：47
19．何国伟。软件的开发、质量管理及可靠性。科技导报，1993，(11)：26·29
20．傅烈勇，顾钟文．I/AS集散控制系统仿真器开发．浙江省自动化学会论文．1997
21．徐志洪，卢建刚，顾钟文．硫磺回收装置DCS仿真系统的开发．石油化工自动化．1999，6(6)：36-38
22．朱丹绯．DCS仿真培训器开发研究．浙江大学博士学位论文．1999
23．刘新华．DCS仿真培训系统开发中的计算机技术及应用．浙江大学硕士学位论文．1998
24．赖晓健．流化床反应器仿真培训模型的研究．浙江大学硕士学位论文．1997
25．A舒尔曼，D．马克西，M．佩特里克，未公开的Windows核心技术。北京，清华大学出版社，1993
26．Microsoft Corporation．Microsoft Win32程序员参考大全〈一、二、三、四、五〉．北京，清华大学出版社，1995
27．Steve Telxeira，Xavier Pacheco．Delphi 5开发人员指南．北京，机械工业出版社2000
28．徐新华编著，Delphi 5高级编程〈一、二、三、四〉．北京，人民邮电出版社2000
29．新智工作室编著，Delphi 5数据库编程．北京，电子工业出版社2000
30．秦绪佳，张济，袁野．Delphi 5类参考详解．北京，清华大学出版社，1999