塔式起重机臂架有限元分析系统设计及研究
摘要
吊臂是塔式起重机的主要承载部件,在设计中普遍采用有限元法对吊臂进行计算分析。但在传统的设计校核过程中,往往需要通过对实际工况“设计—建模—分析—修改设计—再建模—再分析”的复杂过程,而如果采用有限元分析方法对其分析,则需要多次建模,明显会造成大量重复无效工作。此外,由于存在多种实际工况,为了充分体现设计的全面性,合理性,则需对实际工况逐一分析,无疑这工作量也是相当巨大的。
根据上述问题,本文分析吊臂系统的结构,通过对参数化技术、有限元参数化技术、ANSYS的二次开发技术、Visual Basic6.0的编程技术以及数据库技术深入学习研究的基础上,提出了建立塔式起重机臂架有限元参数化分析系统的解决方案。本文取得的主要研究成果如下:
(1)从参数化技术角度出发,科学论证臂架系统有限元参数化的可行性。
(2)通过对已有有限元参数化分析方法的研究和总结,针对实际臂架系统所受的载荷和约束情况,选择基于几何造型的建模方式。
(3)在ANSYS中实现塔式起重机参数化有限元分析。本文根据塔式起重机臂架的结构特点和有限元分析的特点,以编程参数化为基础提出了基于ANSYS提供的二次开发工具APDL语言的有限元装配参数化建模方法。
(4)开发塔式起重机臂架系统专用的分析软件。软件提供了友好的程序交互界面,封装所有的ANSYS操作,使用户只需进行对设计参数的输入,并能得到相应的分析结果。
最后基于应用实例,从力学模型位移计算和系统读取两个方面对比分析来验证整个臂架系统的科学性、可行性以及实用性,并体现出整个系统相对于传统分析方法的优越性,提高了设计分析效率,减少了人为错误的发生。
As the key part of tower crane, the booms generally adopt the finite element method to aid design. During the traditional design and strength calculating of the boom system, the process "preliminary design - modeling - analysis - revision - re-design - re-modeling -re-analysis" are carried out repeatedly. According to the requirement of finite element analysis soft, every revision of the structure need to rebuild the finite element model, so there must be plenty of repeat work. What's more, for tower crane have many case, a large number of models need to build.
To solve the problems mentioned above, the author studies the boom structure, the parametric technology, the parametric finite element analysis, the active automation technology, the Visual Basic6.0 programming technology, and database technology carefully, and proposes the parametric finite element analysis solution of tower crane boom systems. The main research work and achievements are as follows:
(1)On the base of studying the parametric technology, the feasibility of adopting parametric finite element analysis to aid the boom system design is reasoned.
(2)The defects of the existing parameters finite element analysis method are research. The choice of geometric modeling based on modeling.
(3)The parametric finite element analysis in ANSYS is realized. Fix the design variables follows the method of sifting through parameters, then write the parametric finite element analysis programs of parts and assemblies using APDL language, that ANSYS applies.
(4)A special finite element analysis soft of tower crane boom systems is developed, which encapsulation all the ANSYS operations. It's possible that the users can concentrate their attention on design variables, and no need to care the generation of the finite element models and calling ANSYS to calculate.
At the end of the paper, base on application, calculated from the theory of displacement and systematic comparative analysis of two aspects of reading to verify the entire system of scientific, the feasibility and practicality.
根据上述问题,本文分析吊臂系统的结构,通过对参数化技术、有限元参数化技术、ANSYS的二次开发技术、Visual Basic6.0的编程技术以及数据库技术深入学习研究的基础上,提出了建立塔式起重机臂架有限元参数化分析系统的解决方案。本文取得的主要研究成果如下:
(1)从参数化技术角度出发,科学论证臂架系统有限元参数化的可行性。
(2)通过对已有有限元参数化分析方法的研究和总结,针对实际臂架系统所受的载荷和约束情况,选择基于几何造型的建模方式。
(3)在ANSYS中实现塔式起重机参数化有限元分析。本文根据塔式起重机臂架的结构特点和有限元分析的特点,以编程参数化为基础提出了基于ANSYS提供的二次开发工具APDL语言的有限元装配参数化建模方法。
(4)开发塔式起重机臂架系统专用的分析软件。软件提供了友好的程序交互界面,封装所有的ANSYS操作,使用户只需进行对设计参数的输入,并能得到相应的分析结果。
最后基于应用实例,从力学模型位移计算和系统读取两个方面对比分析来验证整个臂架系统的科学性、可行性以及实用性,并体现出整个系统相对于传统分析方法的优越性,提高了设计分析效率,减少了人为错误的发生。
As the key part of tower crane, the booms generally adopt the finite element method to aid design. During the traditional design and strength calculating of the boom system, the process "preliminary design - modeling - analysis - revision - re-design - re-modeling -re-analysis" are carried out repeatedly. According to the requirement of finite element analysis soft, every revision of the structure need to rebuild the finite element model, so there must be plenty of repeat work. What's more, for tower crane have many case, a large number of models need to build.
To solve the problems mentioned above, the author studies the boom structure, the parametric technology, the parametric finite element analysis, the active automation technology, the Visual Basic6.0 programming technology, and database technology carefully, and proposes the parametric finite element analysis solution of tower crane boom systems. The main research work and achievements are as follows:
(1)On the base of studying the parametric technology, the feasibility of adopting parametric finite element analysis to aid the boom system design is reasoned.
(2)The defects of the existing parameters finite element analysis method are research. The choice of geometric modeling based on modeling.
(3)The parametric finite element analysis in ANSYS is realized. Fix the design variables follows the method of sifting through parameters, then write the parametric finite element analysis programs of parts and assemblies using APDL language, that ANSYS applies.
(4)A special finite element analysis soft of tower crane boom systems is developed, which encapsulation all the ANSYS operations. It's possible that the users can concentrate their attention on design variables, and no need to care the generation of the finite element models and calling ANSYS to calculate.
At the end of the paper, base on application, calculated from the theory of displacement and systematic comparative analysis of two aspects of reading to verify the entire system of scientific, the feasibility and practicality.
引文
[1]范俊祥.塔式起重机[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2004:1-2,144-154.
[2]田奇,马鹏飞.塔式起重机维修图解手册[M].南京:凤凰出版传媒集团,江苏科学技术出版社,2007:8-10
[3]顾迪民.工程起重机[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998:5-6.
[4]杨长骙.起重机械[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1986:3-4.
[5]Botkin M.E.Shape design modeling ucing fully automatic tree dimension mesh generation.Finite Element in Analysis and Design[J],1991,(10):165-188.
[6]Bennett J.A.,Botkin M.E.Shape optimization of 2-D structure with geometric problem description and adaptive mesh refinement.AIAAJ[J],1985,23(3):258-464.
[7]Edwin Hardee.CAD-based design parameterization for shape optimization of elastic solid.Advances in Engineering Software[J],1999,(30):185-199.
[8]邢艳红.基于ANSYS二次开发的电梯有限元参数化分析系统:(硕士学位论文).沈阳:东北大学,2006.
[9]Alexey I.Borovkov,Denis V.Shevchenko,Oleg A.Zakirov.Software Development to Customize ANSYS for Applications,ANSYS-China Conference,2004:session 20.
[10]阮锋.一种面向对象的参数化设计方法[J],锻压技术,1999(1):51-54
[11]胡京之等.图形参数化引入工程约束实现设计过程参数化[J].机械工业自动化,1997(6):14-17.
[12]张国伟、秦士存、俞新陆.面向对象的参数化设计系统的研究和开发[J].CAD＼CAM,1996(8):16-18.
[13]刘彩霞.基于面对对象技术的起重机参数化设计系统研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2003.
[14]石华强.基于装配模型的产品变形设计与应用[D].青岛:山东大学,2005.
[15]李响.履带起重机臂架系统有限元参数化方法研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2007.
[16]单泉,余思佳,雷毅.基于模块化的智能装配设计研究[J].设计与研究,2005,(11):1-2.
[17]杨秀萍,王鹏林.基于ANSYS APDL语言的零件有限元参数化分析[J].设计与研究,2005(11):1-2.
[18]严仁军,李晓燕,余亚平,李开琼.装配式龙门起重机的强度计算[J].起重机械,2003,(4):28-29.
[19]任会礼,李江波,高崇仁.基于ANSYS的塔式起重机臂架有限元参数化建模与分析[J].起重运输机械,2006,(9):11-12.
[20]常晓华,王春华.塔式起重机起重臂危险点的确定[J].建筑机械化,2006,(10):21-22.
[21]张朝晖.ANSYS8.0结构分析及实例解析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[22]高荣慧,张岩,罗辉.基于VB和ANSYS的塔式起重机臂架参数化设计[J].机械工程与自动化,2008,(2):12-13.
[23]龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[24]ANSYS公司.APDL Programmer's Guide.
[25]ANSYS公司.UIDL Programmer's Guide.
[26]ANSYS公司.UPFS Programmer's Guide.
[27]仲维发等编著.Visual Basic6.0完全自学手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:4-8,424-428
[28]斯琴巴图,杨利润.零基础学Visual Basic[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008:1-17,231-275,340-349
[29]张青,王晓伟.工程软件开发技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006:1-10,263-282
[30]明日科技编著.Visual Basic开发经验技巧宝典[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007:452-477
[31]梁洁.利用VB实现OFFICE对象的访问控制[J].成都医学院学报,2007(1):48-51
[32]博弈创作室.APDL参数化有限元分析技术及其应用实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[33]张朝晖,李树奎.ANSYS11.0有限元分析理论与工程应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008:63-75.
[34]郑冬华,殷晨波.塔式起重机的计算机辅助设计系统[J].建筑机械化,2007(10):34-35
[35]陆念力,兰朋,李以申.塔式起重机双吊点水平臂内力计算的精确通用公式[J].建筑机械,1997(4),3-5
[2]田奇,马鹏飞.塔式起重机维修图解手册[M].南京:凤凰出版传媒集团,江苏科学技术出版社,2007:8-10
[3]顾迪民.工程起重机[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998:5-6.
[4]杨长骙.起重机械[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1986:3-4.
[5]Botkin M.E.Shape design modeling ucing fully automatic tree dimension mesh generation.Finite Element in Analysis and Design[J],1991,(10):165-188.
[6]Bennett J.A.,Botkin M.E.Shape optimization of 2-D structure with geometric problem description and adaptive mesh refinement.AIAAJ[J],1985,23(3):258-464.
[7]Edwin Hardee.CAD-based design parameterization for shape optimization of elastic solid.Advances in Engineering Software[J],1999,(30):185-199.
[8]邢艳红.基于ANSYS二次开发的电梯有限元参数化分析系统:(硕士学位论文).沈阳:东北大学,2006.
[9]Alexey I.Borovkov,Denis V.Shevchenko,Oleg A.Zakirov.Software Development to Customize ANSYS for Applications,ANSYS-China Conference,2004:session 20.
[10]阮锋.一种面向对象的参数化设计方法[J],锻压技术,1999(1):51-54
[11]胡京之等.图形参数化引入工程约束实现设计过程参数化[J].机械工业自动化,1997(6):14-17.
[12]张国伟、秦士存、俞新陆.面向对象的参数化设计系统的研究和开发[J].CAD＼CAM,1996(8):16-18.
[13]刘彩霞.基于面对对象技术的起重机参数化设计系统研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2003.
[14]石华强.基于装配模型的产品变形设计与应用[D].青岛:山东大学,2005.
[15]李响.履带起重机臂架系统有限元参数化方法研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2007.
[16]单泉,余思佳,雷毅.基于模块化的智能装配设计研究[J].设计与研究,2005,(11):1-2.
[17]杨秀萍,王鹏林.基于ANSYS APDL语言的零件有限元参数化分析[J].设计与研究,2005(11):1-2.
[18]严仁军,李晓燕,余亚平,李开琼.装配式龙门起重机的强度计算[J].起重机械,2003,(4):28-29.
[19]任会礼,李江波,高崇仁.基于ANSYS的塔式起重机臂架有限元参数化建模与分析[J].起重运输机械,2006,(9):11-12.
[20]常晓华,王春华.塔式起重机起重臂危险点的确定[J].建筑机械化,2006,(10):21-22.
[21]张朝晖.ANSYS8.0结构分析及实例解析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[22]高荣慧,张岩,罗辉.基于VB和ANSYS的塔式起重机臂架参数化设计[J].机械工程与自动化,2008,(2):12-13.
[23]龚曙光,谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[24]ANSYS公司.APDL Programmer's Guide.
[25]ANSYS公司.UIDL Programmer's Guide.
[26]ANSYS公司.UPFS Programmer's Guide.
[27]仲维发等编著.Visual Basic6.0完全自学手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:4-8,424-428
[28]斯琴巴图,杨利润.零基础学Visual Basic[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008:1-17,231-275,340-349
[29]张青,王晓伟.工程软件开发技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006:1-10,263-282
[30]明日科技编著.Visual Basic开发经验技巧宝典[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007:452-477
[31]梁洁.利用VB实现OFFICE对象的访问控制[J].成都医学院学报,2007(1):48-51
[32]博弈创作室.APDL参数化有限元分析技术及其应用实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[33]张朝晖,李树奎.ANSYS11.0有限元分析理论与工程应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008:63-75.
[34]郑冬华,殷晨波.塔式起重机的计算机辅助设计系统[J].建筑机械化,2007(10):34-35
[35]陆念力,兰朋,李以申.塔式起重机双吊点水平臂内力计算的精确通用公式[J].建筑机械,1997(4),3-5