冷分子静电导引与光电控制技术的研究
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摘要
由于冷分子或超冷分子在基本物理问题的研究、基本物理常数的精密测量、高分辨激光光谱学、分子物质波的干涉计量、冷化学反应和冷分子碰撞、量子计算与量子信息处理等方面有着重要的应用,故冷分子的产生及其应用研究得到了快速的发展。本文首先简单介绍了中性分子静电操控的基本原理、实验结果及其最新进展;其次,在冷分子实验的平台上,开展了光电控制技术的研究;再次,对冷分子静电导引进行了理论和实验的研究;最后,对本文的研究工作进行了总结,并对未来的研究进行了展望。
本文介绍了在冷分子实验中,为了实现光电隔离、保护实验装置和设备,而独立研发的光电隔离控制器,设计整体电路,介绍主要模块,测试信号流程。该设计能够对TTL信号的有效保护、放大作用。经测试,信号延迟很小,输入输出信号基本同步,满足在小范围内高精度的放大。
本文围绕着分子斯塔克减速实验中高压脉冲开关的制作,又研究了高压脉冲上升沿和下降沿的计算方法,同时和实验上作了比对。接着,我们研究了高压电磁屏蔽方面的技术,也确定了我们制作高压脉冲开关的屏蔽材料。为了让第二代高压脉冲开关的上升沿和下降沿稳定在500ns以内,在最大电流允许的范围内变化,经过多次地调试,我们选择了最佳的负载电阻阻值。最后,我们尝试对探测系统在电路上的一次改进,介绍了高压脉冲和直流叠加的方案。
本文最后重点介绍了我们关于CH_3CN分子静电导引的理论和实验研究。首先,我们提出了采用单根载荷导线的极性冷分子静电导引新方案,利用麦克斯韦尔软件计算了载荷导线表面上方静电场的分布,同时通过调节U1和U2,找到了导引中心位置z_0的最佳位置,大约在(0,1)。接着,我们对CH_3CN分子静电导引作了Monte-Carlo模拟,并且计算了导引效率。最后,我们介绍了CH_3CN分子束静电导引的实验研究,主要介绍了实验装置,探测系统,以及实验的一些最新进展。重点介绍了在实验过程中测到的分子束的横向和纵向速度分布,并且计算了横向和纵向的温度,并和理论上的作了比较。同时,在实验过程中,我们碰到了一些问题,提出了一些整改的措施。
Cold molecules are playing an important role in high-resolution spectroscopy, precise measurement,cold chemical reaction and cold collisions,interference of matter wave,quantum computation,quantum information and many other aspects, which lead to the rapid development of the generation and applications of cold or ultra cold molecules.In this thesis,the principle of manipulating neutral molecules,the experimental results and its recent progress are introduced in some detail.Next,we studied some significant photoelectric controlling techniques in the experiments,and designed a photoelectric isolation controlling device,which has short delay between input and output signals,to protect the experimental equipments.High voltage pulse technique is crucial in the Stark deceleration,and we calculated the rise and fall times, which is in good agreement with our experimental results.Besides,we also optimized the resistance value to make the rise time and fall time to be stable.In the main part, the theoretical and experimental research of electrostatic guiding of cold molecules is introduced.Finally,a summary of our work is given and the prospect is discussed.
The most creative part of this thesis is our research on electrostatic guiding of cold CH_3CN.First,we proposed a new scheme to realize electrostatic guiding for cold poplar molecules on a substrate by a single charged wire on a substrate and a grounded metal plate.When a positive voltage is applied on the wire,ta hollow electrostatic tube will be produced above the substrate.Next,we made a Monte-Carlo simulation of guiding cold CH_3CN and calculated its guiding efficiency.Finally,we performed the experimental research on electrostatic guiding of cold CH_3CN, including the experimental set up and recent progress in our experiment.We also studied the transverse velocity and longitudinal velocity distributions of the molecular beam.Moreover,we estimated the transverse and longitudinal temperatures of supersonic molecular beam from our experimental results,which are in good agreement with the corresponding theoretical predictions.
本文介绍了在冷分子实验中,为了实现光电隔离、保护实验装置和设备,而独立研发的光电隔离控制器,设计整体电路,介绍主要模块,测试信号流程。该设计能够对TTL信号的有效保护、放大作用。经测试,信号延迟很小,输入输出信号基本同步,满足在小范围内高精度的放大。
本文围绕着分子斯塔克减速实验中高压脉冲开关的制作,又研究了高压脉冲上升沿和下降沿的计算方法,同时和实验上作了比对。接着,我们研究了高压电磁屏蔽方面的技术,也确定了我们制作高压脉冲开关的屏蔽材料。为了让第二代高压脉冲开关的上升沿和下降沿稳定在500ns以内,在最大电流允许的范围内变化,经过多次地调试,我们选择了最佳的负载电阻阻值。最后,我们尝试对探测系统在电路上的一次改进,介绍了高压脉冲和直流叠加的方案。
本文最后重点介绍了我们关于CH_3CN分子静电导引的理论和实验研究。首先,我们提出了采用单根载荷导线的极性冷分子静电导引新方案,利用麦克斯韦尔软件计算了载荷导线表面上方静电场的分布,同时通过调节U1和U2,找到了导引中心位置z_0的最佳位置,大约在(0,1)。接着,我们对CH_3CN分子静电导引作了Monte-Carlo模拟,并且计算了导引效率。最后,我们介绍了CH_3CN分子束静电导引的实验研究,主要介绍了实验装置,探测系统,以及实验的一些最新进展。重点介绍了在实验过程中测到的分子束的横向和纵向速度分布,并且计算了横向和纵向的温度,并和理论上的作了比较。同时,在实验过程中,我们碰到了一些问题,提出了一些整改的措施。
Cold molecules are playing an important role in high-resolution spectroscopy, precise measurement,cold chemical reaction and cold collisions,interference of matter wave,quantum computation,quantum information and many other aspects, which lead to the rapid development of the generation and applications of cold or ultra cold molecules.In this thesis,the principle of manipulating neutral molecules,the experimental results and its recent progress are introduced in some detail.Next,we studied some significant photoelectric controlling techniques in the experiments,and designed a photoelectric isolation controlling device,which has short delay between input and output signals,to protect the experimental equipments.High voltage pulse technique is crucial in the Stark deceleration,and we calculated the rise and fall times, which is in good agreement with our experimental results.Besides,we also optimized the resistance value to make the rise time and fall time to be stable.In the main part, the theoretical and experimental research of electrostatic guiding of cold molecules is introduced.Finally,a summary of our work is given and the prospect is discussed.
The most creative part of this thesis is our research on electrostatic guiding of cold CH_3CN.First,we proposed a new scheme to realize electrostatic guiding for cold poplar molecules on a substrate by a single charged wire on a substrate and a grounded metal plate.When a positive voltage is applied on the wire,ta hollow electrostatic tube will be produced above the substrate.Next,we made a Monte-Carlo simulation of guiding cold CH_3CN and calculated its guiding efficiency.Finally,we performed the experimental research on electrostatic guiding of cold CH_3CN, including the experimental set up and recent progress in our experiment.We also studied the transverse velocity and longitudinal velocity distributions of the molecular beam.Moreover,we estimated the transverse and longitudinal temperatures of supersonic molecular beam from our experimental results,which are in good agreement with the corresponding theoretical predictions.
引文
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[2]童诗白,模拟电子线路,高等教育出版社(1998);
[3]阎石,数字电子技术基础(第四版),清华大学出版社(2001)
[4]璩克旺,陶生桂.光电耦合器用于数字开关电源,电气时代,2003,(08)
[5]沙占友,线性光电耦合器在开关电源中的应用,通信电源技术,2001,(02)
[6]任致程.,怎样选用元器件讲座--线性光电耦合器,家庭电子,1997,(10)
[7]那文鹏,,线性光耦合器模拟信号隔离电路[J].辽宁工学院学报,2000,(05)
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