不良地质条件下大跨度隧道洞口施工关键技术
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摘要
公路隧道施工建设在迅猛发展的同时也正面临着严峻的考验,洞口施工素来是隧道工程施工中的一个重、难点,洞口段与其他地段相比有着自身的特点:隧道洞口段围岩一般风化较重,节理、断层、破碎带多且经常存在严重的浅埋偏压现象。随着公路大断面隧道日益增多,洞口施工问题突现出来,迫切需要对洞口段施工关键技术进行深入研究。
本文通过总结国内外隧道洞口施工研究现状,结合目前洞口施工存在的问题,提出控制开挖洞口时边仰坡稳定、选择合理施工方案及辅助工法,保证安全进洞,是洞口施工的关键。
总结隧道洞口施工中边仰坡破坏模式,提出影响隧道边仰坡稳定性的主要因素,结合铜—黄高速公路富溪双连拱隧道,对边坡进行二维数值模拟,研究不同围岩级别、边坡坡度及隧道埋深对边坡影响;按实际地层、围岩状况对洞口段进行三维数值模拟,对比三导洞—全断面二次衬砌法和中导洞—台阶法两种施工方案,分析施工中围岩及中隔墙的变形、应力变化规律,比选合理的施工方案;对比分析双连拱隧道不同开挖顺序,选择较合理的一种并提出合理的施工建议;通过桩单元对管棚进行数值模拟,研究管棚超前预加固措施在洞口段施工中的作用。
结合富溪连拱隧道的现场监控量测记录进行分析研究,合理解释了在洞口施工过程中出现的问题,从而为类似隧道修建提供可以借鉴的经验。
While road tunnel construction is developing quickly, there are also many severe tests, in which construction of tunnel portals is always an emphasis and difficult point. Portal section has its own characteristics compared with other sections: surrounding rocks are generally seriously weathered; there are many joints、faults、fractured zone here and the phenomenon of the eccentric compression is very common and severe. With the number of the large cross-section tunnel increasingly pronounced, the problem of the construction of tunnel portals has increasingly been prominent. So the construction crucial technique of the portal section needs further studying urgently.
Based on the problems in the construction of tunnel portals, this paper puts forward the viewpoint that making entering portal safely by controlling for stability of face-upward slope and choosing reasonable construction methods and auxiliary processes is the key of the tunnel portal construction which is proposed by summarizing the present situations of portal construction and theory at home and abroad.
This paper summarizes tunnel portal slope collapse modes in different kinds of construction. Therefore, the major factors impact tunnel slopes are produced. Combined with the engineering example of Fu-xi double unite arch tunnel in Tong-Huang high way, two-dimensional numerical simulation is made for the slope, which analysis the excavating effects on the slope in the different wall conditions、different gradient of the slopes and different tunnel buried depths; making three-dimensional numerical simulation for the section of tunnel portal in the real formation and surrounding rocks conditions in order to analyze the law of surrounding rock and mid-partition's deformation and stress changes; the reasonable construction scheme comparison and selection is made; different excavation orders of double unite arch tunnel are made to guide construction; Through the pile element numerical simulation, researching the advance strengthening of pipe shed and analyzing its mechanism in the construction of portal section.
On the basis of the in situ monitoring data in Fu-xi double unite arch tunnel, analysis the problem in the construction of the tunnel and give the reasonable explanations, which can provide referential experience for related project.
本文通过总结国内外隧道洞口施工研究现状,结合目前洞口施工存在的问题,提出控制开挖洞口时边仰坡稳定、选择合理施工方案及辅助工法,保证安全进洞,是洞口施工的关键。
总结隧道洞口施工中边仰坡破坏模式,提出影响隧道边仰坡稳定性的主要因素,结合铜—黄高速公路富溪双连拱隧道,对边坡进行二维数值模拟,研究不同围岩级别、边坡坡度及隧道埋深对边坡影响;按实际地层、围岩状况对洞口段进行三维数值模拟,对比三导洞—全断面二次衬砌法和中导洞—台阶法两种施工方案,分析施工中围岩及中隔墙的变形、应力变化规律,比选合理的施工方案;对比分析双连拱隧道不同开挖顺序,选择较合理的一种并提出合理的施工建议;通过桩单元对管棚进行数值模拟,研究管棚超前预加固措施在洞口段施工中的作用。
结合富溪连拱隧道的现场监控量测记录进行分析研究,合理解释了在洞口施工过程中出现的问题,从而为类似隧道修建提供可以借鉴的经验。
While road tunnel construction is developing quickly, there are also many severe tests, in which construction of tunnel portals is always an emphasis and difficult point. Portal section has its own characteristics compared with other sections: surrounding rocks are generally seriously weathered; there are many joints、faults、fractured zone here and the phenomenon of the eccentric compression is very common and severe. With the number of the large cross-section tunnel increasingly pronounced, the problem of the construction of tunnel portals has increasingly been prominent. So the construction crucial technique of the portal section needs further studying urgently.
Based on the problems in the construction of tunnel portals, this paper puts forward the viewpoint that making entering portal safely by controlling for stability of face-upward slope and choosing reasonable construction methods and auxiliary processes is the key of the tunnel portal construction which is proposed by summarizing the present situations of portal construction and theory at home and abroad.
This paper summarizes tunnel portal slope collapse modes in different kinds of construction. Therefore, the major factors impact tunnel slopes are produced. Combined with the engineering example of Fu-xi double unite arch tunnel in Tong-Huang high way, two-dimensional numerical simulation is made for the slope, which analysis the excavating effects on the slope in the different wall conditions、different gradient of the slopes and different tunnel buried depths; making three-dimensional numerical simulation for the section of tunnel portal in the real formation and surrounding rocks conditions in order to analyze the law of surrounding rock and mid-partition's deformation and stress changes; the reasonable construction scheme comparison and selection is made; different excavation orders of double unite arch tunnel are made to guide construction; Through the pile element numerical simulation, researching the advance strengthening of pipe shed and analyzing its mechanism in the construction of portal section.
On the basis of the in situ monitoring data in Fu-xi double unite arch tunnel, analysis the problem in the construction of the tunnel and give the reasonable explanations, which can provide referential experience for related project.
引文
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[41]辅助隧道施工用的管棚法介绍[J].隧道译从,1982(6):1-20
[42]李传书.长大管棚在隧道浅埋穿越高速公路中的运用[J].西部探矿工程,2006(11)
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[45]董新平.浅埋地下工程管棚法施工中合理管棚直径分析[J].岩土工程学报,2007(9)
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