基于FPGA应用的超声波电源的研究
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摘要
随着FPGA技术的出现,凭借着它在设计上的优越性在各电子设计领域上备受关注。近年来,FPGA在通信领域得到了广泛的应用,在电力电子系统中却并不多,基于这种情况,本课题研究了FPGA在电源系统中的应用,用FPGA来实现超声波电源系统的控制器。
本文首先对超声波电源的基本原理、发展现状等做了简要概述。接着介绍了超声波电源的基本结构组成,分析了超声波电源两种不同类型的主电路结构形式及其各自的优缺点,阐述了串联谐振型超声波电源的调功方式。在此基础上确定了本文的设计方案。设计了超声波电源的主电路并计算了各个组成部分器件的参数,同时对主电路做了PSIM仿真,为以后的实验奠定了基础。文中着重分析研究了电源控制电路的原理及其具体实现方法,给出了详细的硬件电路设计原理图和各自的工作原理说明,并且设计了超声波电源的驱动及保护电路。最后给出超声波电源的实验结果及结论。
本文主要有三个重点。重点之一是阐述超声波电源移相调功方式的逆变电路控制技术。重点之二是在超声波电源的主电路分析。重点之三,即本课题的首要创新点,是基于FPGA设计系统控制电路模块,如区别于模拟电路锁相环的全数字锁相环的设计、PWM信号发生器等,对各模块进行软件仿真并且把各模块整合到系统中进行了实验验证。该点的意义在于实现了超声波电源由模拟电路控制系统向数字化控制系统的转变。
With the technique development of FPGA, more attention is paid to the design of digital control system based upon FPGA for its advantages in designing circuit. FPGA technique is mainly applied to communication field, but there is few application to electric power field.As a result, this paper researches into the controller of ultrasonic power supply based on FPGA.
Firstly, this paper discusses the primary principle and actuality of ultrasonic power supply. The basic structure of ultrasonic power supply and two main circuits of different types are discussed, with advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, this section discusses some power modulation methods. After ascertaining the scheme, this paper gives the main circuit design and the parameters of each component, which make up the whole system. Simulation results of the main circuit through PSIM prove that the calculation process above is reasonable. This paper analyzes the power supply’s control system as one of the important emphases, and provides the system’s schematic circuits.Meanwhile, this paper analyzes the driver circuit and the protection circuit of the ultrasonic power supply. Finally, this paper gives the result and conclusion about the experiment design.
In this paper, three emphasizes are presented.The first emphasize is to present the control methods in phase-shifted power modulation inverter circuit.The second is to introduce the process of main circuit of the ultrasonic power supply. The third one is to design the system’s control circuit realized through FPGA, such as digital Phase-locked loop, PWM signal creator and so on. This is the most important innovation of this paper based upon modern EDA. The meaning of the innovation is to realize the transition from analogy control system to digital control system of the ultrasonic power supply.
本文首先对超声波电源的基本原理、发展现状等做了简要概述。接着介绍了超声波电源的基本结构组成,分析了超声波电源两种不同类型的主电路结构形式及其各自的优缺点,阐述了串联谐振型超声波电源的调功方式。在此基础上确定了本文的设计方案。设计了超声波电源的主电路并计算了各个组成部分器件的参数,同时对主电路做了PSIM仿真,为以后的实验奠定了基础。文中着重分析研究了电源控制电路的原理及其具体实现方法,给出了详细的硬件电路设计原理图和各自的工作原理说明,并且设计了超声波电源的驱动及保护电路。最后给出超声波电源的实验结果及结论。
本文主要有三个重点。重点之一是阐述超声波电源移相调功方式的逆变电路控制技术。重点之二是在超声波电源的主电路分析。重点之三,即本课题的首要创新点,是基于FPGA设计系统控制电路模块,如区别于模拟电路锁相环的全数字锁相环的设计、PWM信号发生器等,对各模块进行软件仿真并且把各模块整合到系统中进行了实验验证。该点的意义在于实现了超声波电源由模拟电路控制系统向数字化控制系统的转变。
With the technique development of FPGA, more attention is paid to the design of digital control system based upon FPGA for its advantages in designing circuit. FPGA technique is mainly applied to communication field, but there is few application to electric power field.As a result, this paper researches into the controller of ultrasonic power supply based on FPGA.
Firstly, this paper discusses the primary principle and actuality of ultrasonic power supply. The basic structure of ultrasonic power supply and two main circuits of different types are discussed, with advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, this section discusses some power modulation methods. After ascertaining the scheme, this paper gives the main circuit design and the parameters of each component, which make up the whole system. Simulation results of the main circuit through PSIM prove that the calculation process above is reasonable. This paper analyzes the power supply’s control system as one of the important emphases, and provides the system’s schematic circuits.Meanwhile, this paper analyzes the driver circuit and the protection circuit of the ultrasonic power supply. Finally, this paper gives the result and conclusion about the experiment design.
In this paper, three emphasizes are presented.The first emphasize is to present the control methods in phase-shifted power modulation inverter circuit.The second is to introduce the process of main circuit of the ultrasonic power supply. The third one is to design the system’s control circuit realized through FPGA, such as digital Phase-locked loop, PWM signal creator and so on. This is the most important innovation of this paper based upon modern EDA. The meaning of the innovation is to realize the transition from analogy control system to digital control system of the ultrasonic power supply.
引文
1.袁易全.近代超声原理与应用[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1996
2.王应彪,刘传绍,赵波.功率超声技术的研究现状及其应用进展[J].声学技术, 2006,19(4):41—43
3.陈思忠.我国功率超声技术近况与应用进展[J].声学技术,2002,21(2):46—49
4.林仲茂.20世纪功率超声在国内外的发展[J].声学技术,2000,19(2):101—105
5. Heinrich Kuttruff. Ultrasonics: Fundamentals and Applications[C]. London and NewYork: Elsevier Applied Science,1991
6. Mason W P. Maximing the probability of achieving a goal in the case of a partially observe drift process[P].US Patent 2514080,1945
7.张梅,侯振程.一种新型超声波电源[J].电力电子技术,1999 (4):13—15
8.张东卓,刘昭和等.功率超声电源的研制[J].声学技术,2000,19(2):64—67
9.徐涛.超声波发生器电源技术的发展[J].洗净技术,2003 (4):10—15
10.陈坚.电力电子学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002
11.陈道炼.DC-AC逆变技术及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
12.王鸿麟,景占荣.通信基础电源[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
13.胡兵,陶生桂,毛明平.现场可编程门阵列在逆变器控制系统中的应用[J].同济大学报,2002,30(1):97—100
14.谢勇,方宇.大功率超声波逆变电源的研制[J].电力电子技术,2001,35(5):28—31
15.沈旭,吴兆麟.20KW/300KHz高频感应加热电源[J].电力电子技术,1996 (2):10—13
16.王华民.串联谐振式感应加热电源系统的建模与研究[J].电力电子技术,2000,34(5):45—47
17.戚宗刚,柳鹏.感应加热调功方式的探讨[J].金属热处理,2003,28(7):54—37
18. P.Jain, S.B.Dewan. Starting Problems Associated with a Transformer Coupled Load in a Series Inverter [C].IEEE Trans.Magn,1988 (24):2895—2897
19. Mizutani Yoko,Suzuki Taiju. Frequency Control of MOSFET Full-bridge Power Inverter for maximizing Output Power to Megasonic Transducer at 3 MHz[J].IEEE,1998 (1): 1644—1651
20. H Fujita. Pulse-Density-Modulated Power Control of a 4kw, 450kHz Voltage-Source Inverter for Induction Melting Application[J].IEEE Trans IAS,IAS-32,1996 (2):279—281
21.初中原.基于IGBT的150KHz大功率感应加热电源的研究[D]: [硕士学位论文].无锡:江南大学通信与控制工程学院,2008
22.黄文剑,张玥,张云电.移相控制器在智能超声电源中的应用[J].杭州电子科技大学学报,2005,25(5):10—13
23.沈锦飞,颜文旭等.钢丝热处理用高频感应电源的研制[J].电力电子技术,2003,37(6):56—58.
24.吕宏.PWM&PFM控制感应加热技术研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2003
25.马庆强.基于可编程器件的高频感应加热电源的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].济南:山东大学,2006
26.郑继禹,万心平等.锁相环路原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1984. 43—55
27. Mu-Ping Chen,Jan-Ku Chen and Shih-Hsin Chen.The Surge Analysis of In-duction Heating Power Supply with PLL[C]. IEEE 1999 International Conference Power Electronics and Drive Systems,PEDS’99, Hong Kong. July 1999
28.远坂俊昭.锁相环(PLL)电路设计与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.110—113
29.阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的软开关技术[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2003
30.杨旭,赵志伟,王兆安.移相全桥型零电压软开关电路谐振过程的研究[J].电力电子技术,1998 (3):36—39
31.鲍建宇,徐炜,张仲超.软开关移相PWM感应加热技术的研究[J].电力电子技术,2000 (6):31—32
32.袁俊国,于非,吴兆麟.移相式高频感应加热装置的研究[J].电力电子技术,1999 (6):13—15
33. Hua Cuichao, et al. An Improved Full-bridge Zero-Voltage Switched PWM Converter Using a Saturable Inductor[J] .IEEE Trans. Power Electron, 1993, 8(4):530—534
34.孙金秋.基于FPGA感应加热电源控制器的研究[D]: [硕士学位论文].西安:西安理工大学,2005: 50—51
35.叶淦华.FPGA嵌入式应用系统开发典型实例[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005.12—17
36.王诚,薛小刚,钟信潮.FPGA/CPLD设计工具-Xilinx ISE使用详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.9—11
37.卢毅,赖杰.VHDL与数字电路设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.8—15
38.侯伯亨,顾新.VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计[M].西安:电子科技大学出版社,1999.9—10
39.谭会生等.EDA技术及应用[M].西安:电子科技大学出版社,2003.6—15
40.张文.基于全数字锁相环的感应加热电源研制[D]:[硕士学位论文].济南:山东大学2007:51—53
41.湖春华.数字锁相环路原理与应用[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990
42. Roland E.Best. Phase-locked loops Design,Simulation and Applications[M].北京:清华大学出版社(影印版),2003.205—235
43.张亦华,延明.数字电路EAD入门-VHDL程序实例集[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2003
44.黄任.VHDL入门·解惑·经典实例·实验总结[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
45.刘星平,李炎斌.IGBT驱动电路的研究[J].电气开关,2002 (5):19—21
46.陈明.IGBT双管模块驱动保护电路的研制与应用[D]:[硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学,2004
47.施隆照.数码管显示驱动和键盘扫描控制器CH451及其应用[J].国外电子元器件,2004,1(1):53—57
2.王应彪,刘传绍,赵波.功率超声技术的研究现状及其应用进展[J].声学技术, 2006,19(4):41—43
3.陈思忠.我国功率超声技术近况与应用进展[J].声学技术,2002,21(2):46—49
4.林仲茂.20世纪功率超声在国内外的发展[J].声学技术,2000,19(2):101—105
5. Heinrich Kuttruff. Ultrasonics: Fundamentals and Applications[C]. London and NewYork: Elsevier Applied Science,1991
6. Mason W P. Maximing the probability of achieving a goal in the case of a partially observe drift process[P].US Patent 2514080,1945
7.张梅,侯振程.一种新型超声波电源[J].电力电子技术,1999 (4):13—15
8.张东卓,刘昭和等.功率超声电源的研制[J].声学技术,2000,19(2):64—67
9.徐涛.超声波发生器电源技术的发展[J].洗净技术,2003 (4):10—15
10.陈坚.电力电子学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002
11.陈道炼.DC-AC逆变技术及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
12.王鸿麟,景占荣.通信基础电源[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
13.胡兵,陶生桂,毛明平.现场可编程门阵列在逆变器控制系统中的应用[J].同济大学报,2002,30(1):97—100
14.谢勇,方宇.大功率超声波逆变电源的研制[J].电力电子技术,2001,35(5):28—31
15.沈旭,吴兆麟.20KW/300KHz高频感应加热电源[J].电力电子技术,1996 (2):10—13
16.王华民.串联谐振式感应加热电源系统的建模与研究[J].电力电子技术,2000,34(5):45—47
17.戚宗刚,柳鹏.感应加热调功方式的探讨[J].金属热处理,2003,28(7):54—37
18. P.Jain, S.B.Dewan. Starting Problems Associated with a Transformer Coupled Load in a Series Inverter [C].IEEE Trans.Magn,1988 (24):2895—2897
19. Mizutani Yoko,Suzuki Taiju. Frequency Control of MOSFET Full-bridge Power Inverter for maximizing Output Power to Megasonic Transducer at 3 MHz[J].IEEE,1998 (1): 1644—1651
20. H Fujita. Pulse-Density-Modulated Power Control of a 4kw, 450kHz Voltage-Source Inverter for Induction Melting Application[J].IEEE Trans IAS,IAS-32,1996 (2):279—281
21.初中原.基于IGBT的150KHz大功率感应加热电源的研究[D]: [硕士学位论文].无锡:江南大学通信与控制工程学院,2008
22.黄文剑,张玥,张云电.移相控制器在智能超声电源中的应用[J].杭州电子科技大学学报,2005,25(5):10—13
23.沈锦飞,颜文旭等.钢丝热处理用高频感应电源的研制[J].电力电子技术,2003,37(6):56—58.
24.吕宏.PWM&PFM控制感应加热技术研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2003
25.马庆强.基于可编程器件的高频感应加热电源的研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].济南:山东大学,2006
26.郑继禹,万心平等.锁相环路原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1984. 43—55
27. Mu-Ping Chen,Jan-Ku Chen and Shih-Hsin Chen.The Surge Analysis of In-duction Heating Power Supply with PLL[C]. IEEE 1999 International Conference Power Electronics and Drive Systems,PEDS’99, Hong Kong. July 1999
28.远坂俊昭.锁相环(PLL)电路设计与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.110—113
29.阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的软开关技术[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2003
30.杨旭,赵志伟,王兆安.移相全桥型零电压软开关电路谐振过程的研究[J].电力电子技术,1998 (3):36—39
31.鲍建宇,徐炜,张仲超.软开关移相PWM感应加热技术的研究[J].电力电子技术,2000 (6):31—32
32.袁俊国,于非,吴兆麟.移相式高频感应加热装置的研究[J].电力电子技术,1999 (6):13—15
33. Hua Cuichao, et al. An Improved Full-bridge Zero-Voltage Switched PWM Converter Using a Saturable Inductor[J] .IEEE Trans. Power Electron, 1993, 8(4):530—534
34.孙金秋.基于FPGA感应加热电源控制器的研究[D]: [硕士学位论文].西安:西安理工大学,2005: 50—51
35.叶淦华.FPGA嵌入式应用系统开发典型实例[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005.12—17
36.王诚,薛小刚,钟信潮.FPGA/CPLD设计工具-Xilinx ISE使用详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.9—11
37.卢毅,赖杰.VHDL与数字电路设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.8—15
38.侯伯亨,顾新.VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计[M].西安:电子科技大学出版社,1999.9—10
39.谭会生等.EDA技术及应用[M].西安:电子科技大学出版社,2003.6—15
40.张文.基于全数字锁相环的感应加热电源研制[D]:[硕士学位论文].济南:山东大学2007:51—53
41.湖春华.数字锁相环路原理与应用[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990
42. Roland E.Best. Phase-locked loops Design,Simulation and Applications[M].北京:清华大学出版社(影印版),2003.205—235
43.张亦华,延明.数字电路EAD入门-VHDL程序实例集[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2003
44.黄任.VHDL入门·解惑·经典实例·实验总结[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
45.刘星平,李炎斌.IGBT驱动电路的研究[J].电气开关,2002 (5):19—21
46.陈明.IGBT双管模块驱动保护电路的研制与应用[D]:[硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学,2004
47.施隆照.数码管显示驱动和键盘扫描控制器CH451及其应用[J].国外电子元器件,2004,1(1):53—57