超声波探伤信号的数字处理技术的研究
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摘要
超声波数字检测技术在无损检测中有着重要的作用。超声波探伤信号的数字滤波和数字检波是根据对超声波回波信号的采样点进行相关的数字信号处理,重构出其波形的包络线,准确定位出回波的峰值和波峰时间值,从而来确定缺陷大小及其在焊缝中的位置。该方法具有检测速度高、处理灵活、适应范围广泛、精度高以及检测方便等优点,随着计算技术和信息技术的高速发展,它必将越来越受到人们的关注。
本课题以超声波探伤的基本原理和数字信号处理的基本方法为基础,根据实际使用需要设计出了超声波探伤信号的预处理硬件电路以及数字带通滤波器和数字检波器,并根据实验结果验证其正确性。
本课题完成的主要工作
1.详细论述了超声波探伤的基本原理和数字信号处理的基本方法,并分析将两者合理结合在一起的方案,提出了相应的数学处理模型。
2.设计了数字滤波和数字检波相应的前端预处理硬件电路,实现了超声波回波信号的准确采集。
3.提出了超声波探头实际发射频率的自动识别方法,利用分段扫频技术实现了频率自动识别功能,并编写了相关的程序进行验证。
4.设计出了超声波信号的数字带通滤波器,并用MATLAB编写了相关的软件程序,对输入的采集信号进行了实验,得到了较好的效果。
5.设计出了超声波信号的数字检波器,并用MATLAB编写了相关的软件程序进行测试和实验,得出了满足要求的波形和包络线,并详细分析了实验图形和结果。
Ultrasonic digital testing technique has an important function in the field of the nondestructive testing. According to the digital signal processing of the sampling points the digital filtering and detection of ultrasonic echo signal can reconstruct the enveloping curve of the wave, exactly locate echo peak value and its time, and so fix the size of flaw and its location in the welding line. The method has many remarkable advantages such as highly testing speed, flexible processing, wide sphere of application, accurately locating the flaws and convenience etc. Along with the high-speed development of the computing and information technology, certainly it will get more and more attention in future.
Based on the basic principles of ultrasonic testing and the basic methods of digital signal processing, this thesis has designed preprocessed hardware circuit, a digital filter and a digital detector according to the need of practical use and validated its correctness by experimental results.
The following are main achievements of this thesis:
1. Detailed discussion of the basic principles of ultrasonic testing and the basic methods of digital signal processing, analysis of combining both reasonably, putting forward corresponding mathematical processing model.
2. Designed the front preprocessed hardware circuit of the digital filter and detector and achieved accurate acquisition of the ultrasonic signal.
3. Put forward the automatic identification method of ultrasonic probe actual frequency, used subsection scanning technique to perform this function and compiled correlative program to validate it.
4. Designed the digital filter of ultrasonic signal, compiled corresponding MATLAB software procedure, took an experiment towards input acquisition signal and got good results.
5. Designed the digital detector of ultrasonic signal, compiled corresponding MATLAB software procedure to take testing and experimenting and got good wave and enveloping curve. Also analyzed the experimental results in detail.
本课题以超声波探伤的基本原理和数字信号处理的基本方法为基础,根据实际使用需要设计出了超声波探伤信号的预处理硬件电路以及数字带通滤波器和数字检波器,并根据实验结果验证其正确性。
本课题完成的主要工作
1.详细论述了超声波探伤的基本原理和数字信号处理的基本方法,并分析将两者合理结合在一起的方案,提出了相应的数学处理模型。
2.设计了数字滤波和数字检波相应的前端预处理硬件电路,实现了超声波回波信号的准确采集。
3.提出了超声波探头实际发射频率的自动识别方法,利用分段扫频技术实现了频率自动识别功能,并编写了相关的程序进行验证。
4.设计出了超声波信号的数字带通滤波器,并用MATLAB编写了相关的软件程序,对输入的采集信号进行了实验,得到了较好的效果。
5.设计出了超声波信号的数字检波器,并用MATLAB编写了相关的软件程序进行测试和实验,得出了满足要求的波形和包络线,并详细分析了实验图形和结果。
Ultrasonic digital testing technique has an important function in the field of the nondestructive testing. According to the digital signal processing of the sampling points the digital filtering and detection of ultrasonic echo signal can reconstruct the enveloping curve of the wave, exactly locate echo peak value and its time, and so fix the size of flaw and its location in the welding line. The method has many remarkable advantages such as highly testing speed, flexible processing, wide sphere of application, accurately locating the flaws and convenience etc. Along with the high-speed development of the computing and information technology, certainly it will get more and more attention in future.
Based on the basic principles of ultrasonic testing and the basic methods of digital signal processing, this thesis has designed preprocessed hardware circuit, a digital filter and a digital detector according to the need of practical use and validated its correctness by experimental results.
The following are main achievements of this thesis:
1. Detailed discussion of the basic principles of ultrasonic testing and the basic methods of digital signal processing, analysis of combining both reasonably, putting forward corresponding mathematical processing model.
2. Designed the front preprocessed hardware circuit of the digital filter and detector and achieved accurate acquisition of the ultrasonic signal.
3. Put forward the automatic identification method of ultrasonic probe actual frequency, used subsection scanning technique to perform this function and compiled correlative program to validate it.
4. Designed the digital filter of ultrasonic signal, compiled corresponding MATLAB software procedure, took an experiment towards input acquisition signal and got good results.
5. Designed the digital detector of ultrasonic signal, compiled corresponding MATLAB software procedure to take testing and experimenting and got good wave and enveloping curve. Also analyzed the experimental results in detail.
引文
[1]邵泽波,无损检测技术,北京:化学工业出版社, 2003,1~5
[2]Pao, Yih-hsing, Elastic waves and non-destructive testing of materials, [papers] presented at the winter annual meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, San Francisco, California, December 10~15
[3]中国机械工程学会无损检测学会,无损检测概论,北京:机械工业出版社,1993 ,2
[4]李喜孟,无损检测,北京:机械工业出版社,1993,1~84
[5]李喜孟,无损探伤,北京:机械工业出版社,2000,1
[6]孔令时、张敦怡,超声波金属探伤法,沈阳:辽宁人民出版社,1962,10
[7]姚天任、江太辉,数字信号处理,武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2000, 4
[8]曾涛、龙腾,高速实时数字信号处理器SHARC的原理及其应用,北京:北京理工大学出版社,2000,1
[9]徐盛、胡剑凌,数字信号处理器开发实践,上海:上海交通大学出版社,2003,3~4
[10]程佩青,数字信号处理教程,北京:清华大学出版社,2000,5~6
[11]王树义、钱达源,C语言程序设计,大连:大连理工大学出版社1999 ,6
[12]谢乐军,C语言程序设计及应用,北京:冶金工业出版社,2004,6~8
[13]R.W. Nichols, S. Crutzen, Ultrasonic inspection of heavy section steel components, Elsevier Applied Science,1988
[14]Szilard, J, Ultrasonic testing : non-conventional testing techniques, A Wiley-Interscience publication, 1982
[15]P.Mattila,M.Luukkala , FET pulse generator for ultrasonic pulse echo applications,ULTRASONICS,1981.9
[16]江帆,超声相控阵探伤系统关键技术的研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2005
[17]中国机械工程学会无损检测学会编,无损检测概论,北京:机械工业出版社,1993,16~32
[18]马崇,超声波TOFD检测技术,华北电力技术,2003,31~33
[19]中国无损检测学会编译,超声波探伤,北京:机械工业出版社,1987,213~245
[20]冯若,超声手册,南京:南京大学出版社,2001,121~127
[21]E.Ginzel, Materials Research Institute etc,Time-of-Flight Diffraction and Pulse Echo Line Scanning,NDT,2000,vol.6:64~68
[22]European standard ENV,583-6,Non-destructive testing-Ultrasonic examination Part 6: Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for defect detection and sizing,2000
[23]MAXIM Corporation,MAXIM 2000 New Releases Data Book,2000
[24]Analog Devices,AD604 Data Sheet
[25]孙颖、李醒飞、张国雄,AD604及其在医用超声系统中的应用,国外电子元器件,2003,29~31
[26]孙颖、李醒飞、张国雄,超声衰减增益补偿电路的设计,声学技术,2003,22(4):243~245
[27]童诗白,模拟电子技术基础,北京:高等教育出版社,1988,134~190
[28]康华光,电子技术基础-数字部分,北京:高等教育出版社,2000, 301~318
[29]李刚、林凌,与8051兼容的高性能、高速单片机-C8051Fxxx,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.,130~141
[30]朱明程、董尔令,可编程逻辑器件原理及应用,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004,124~125
[31]李广军、孟宪元,可编程ASIC设计及应用,成都:电子科技大学出版社,2000.,211~230
[32]贾惠波、王重阳,FPGA的配置,测控技术,1996,15(2):42~46
[33][美]Jan Axelson著,USB大全(陈逸等译),北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[34]刘松强,数字信号处理系统及其应用,北京:清华大学出版社,1996,68
[35]全子一、周利清,数字信号处理基础,北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2002,126~128
[36]陈启宗,一维数字信号处理,北京:高等教育出版社,1987,259~260
[37][美]W.D.斯坦利著,常迥译,北京:科学出版社,1979,199~202
[38][美]A.V.奥本海姆、R.W.谢弗著董士嘉译北京:科学出版社,1981,145~169
[39]方培本,利用双线性变换法设计IIR Butterworth数字滤波器,天津理工学院学报,1999,15(5):41~43
[40][美]Sanjit K.Mitra著,孙洪等译,北京:电子工业出版社,2006,358~374
[41]汪大菊、葛卫平、陆明等,计算机软件技术基础——FORTRAN、数据结构、软件工程,天津:天津大学出版社,1999,147~152
[42]蒲俊、吉家锋、伊良忠,MATLAB6.0数学手册,上海:浦东电子出版社,2002,228~235
[43]苏金明、王永利,MATLAB7.0实用指南(上册),北京:电子工业出版社, 2004,64~71
[44]罗建军,MATLAB教程,北京:电子工业出版社,2005,59~67
[45]李钟慎,基于MATLAB设计巴特沃斯低通滤波器,信息技术,2003,17(3):49~50
[46]郑君里、杨为理,信号与系统(上册),北京:高等教育出版社,2002,283~285
[47]胡广书,数字信号处理——理论,算法与实现,北京:清华大学出版社,1997,128~131
[48][美]D.Hanselman、B.Littlefield著,张航译,北京:清华大学出版社,2002,126~158
[49]宗孔德、胡广书,数字信号处理,北京:清华大学出版社,1988,353
[2]Pao, Yih-hsing, Elastic waves and non-destructive testing of materials, [papers] presented at the winter annual meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, San Francisco, California, December 10~15
[3]中国机械工程学会无损检测学会,无损检测概论,北京:机械工业出版社,1993 ,2
[4]李喜孟,无损检测,北京:机械工业出版社,1993,1~84
[5]李喜孟,无损探伤,北京:机械工业出版社,2000,1
[6]孔令时、张敦怡,超声波金属探伤法,沈阳:辽宁人民出版社,1962,10
[7]姚天任、江太辉,数字信号处理,武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2000, 4
[8]曾涛、龙腾,高速实时数字信号处理器SHARC的原理及其应用,北京:北京理工大学出版社,2000,1
[9]徐盛、胡剑凌,数字信号处理器开发实践,上海:上海交通大学出版社,2003,3~4
[10]程佩青,数字信号处理教程,北京:清华大学出版社,2000,5~6
[11]王树义、钱达源,C语言程序设计,大连:大连理工大学出版社1999 ,6
[12]谢乐军,C语言程序设计及应用,北京:冶金工业出版社,2004,6~8
[13]R.W. Nichols, S. Crutzen, Ultrasonic inspection of heavy section steel components, Elsevier Applied Science,1988
[14]Szilard, J, Ultrasonic testing : non-conventional testing techniques, A Wiley-Interscience publication, 1982
[15]P.Mattila,M.Luukkala , FET pulse generator for ultrasonic pulse echo applications,ULTRASONICS,1981.9
[16]江帆,超声相控阵探伤系统关键技术的研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2005
[17]中国机械工程学会无损检测学会编,无损检测概论,北京:机械工业出版社,1993,16~32
[18]马崇,超声波TOFD检测技术,华北电力技术,2003,31~33
[19]中国无损检测学会编译,超声波探伤,北京:机械工业出版社,1987,213~245
[20]冯若,超声手册,南京:南京大学出版社,2001,121~127
[21]E.Ginzel, Materials Research Institute etc,Time-of-Flight Diffraction and Pulse Echo Line Scanning,NDT,2000,vol.6:64~68
[22]European standard ENV,583-6,Non-destructive testing-Ultrasonic examination Part 6: Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for defect detection and sizing,2000
[23]MAXIM Corporation,MAXIM 2000 New Releases Data Book,2000
[24]Analog Devices,AD604 Data Sheet
[25]孙颖、李醒飞、张国雄,AD604及其在医用超声系统中的应用,国外电子元器件,2003,29~31
[26]孙颖、李醒飞、张国雄,超声衰减增益补偿电路的设计,声学技术,2003,22(4):243~245
[27]童诗白,模拟电子技术基础,北京:高等教育出版社,1988,134~190
[28]康华光,电子技术基础-数字部分,北京:高等教育出版社,2000, 301~318
[29]李刚、林凌,与8051兼容的高性能、高速单片机-C8051Fxxx,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.,130~141
[30]朱明程、董尔令,可编程逻辑器件原理及应用,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004,124~125
[31]李广军、孟宪元,可编程ASIC设计及应用,成都:电子科技大学出版社,2000.,211~230
[32]贾惠波、王重阳,FPGA的配置,测控技术,1996,15(2):42~46
[33][美]Jan Axelson著,USB大全(陈逸等译),北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[34]刘松强,数字信号处理系统及其应用,北京:清华大学出版社,1996,68
[35]全子一、周利清,数字信号处理基础,北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2002,126~128
[36]陈启宗,一维数字信号处理,北京:高等教育出版社,1987,259~260
[37][美]W.D.斯坦利著,常迥译,北京:科学出版社,1979,199~202
[38][美]A.V.奥本海姆、R.W.谢弗著董士嘉译北京:科学出版社,1981,145~169
[39]方培本,利用双线性变换法设计IIR Butterworth数字滤波器,天津理工学院学报,1999,15(5):41~43
[40][美]Sanjit K.Mitra著,孙洪等译,北京:电子工业出版社,2006,358~374
[41]汪大菊、葛卫平、陆明等,计算机软件技术基础——FORTRAN、数据结构、软件工程,天津:天津大学出版社,1999,147~152
[42]蒲俊、吉家锋、伊良忠,MATLAB6.0数学手册,上海:浦东电子出版社,2002,228~235
[43]苏金明、王永利,MATLAB7.0实用指南(上册),北京:电子工业出版社, 2004,64~71
[44]罗建军,MATLAB教程,北京:电子工业出版社,2005,59~67
[45]李钟慎,基于MATLAB设计巴特沃斯低通滤波器,信息技术,2003,17(3):49~50
[46]郑君里、杨为理,信号与系统(上册),北京:高等教育出版社,2002,283~285
[47]胡广书,数字信号处理——理论,算法与实现,北京:清华大学出版社,1997,128~131
[48][美]D.Hanselman、B.Littlefield著,张航译,北京:清华大学出版社,2002,126~158
[49]宗孔德、胡广书,数字信号处理,北京:清华大学出版社,1988,353