声学法测温中的声波飞渡时间测量
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摘要
近年来,基于声层析成像的温度场检测技术逐渐被应用于工业炉炉内温度的测量中,并得到了快速的发展。本文对层析成像技术进行了简要介绍,对国内外声学高温计的研究现状做了概述,阐述了声学测温的基本原理,制定了声层析成像温度场检测系统的整体方案,确定了采用互相关函数分析的方法对声波飞渡时间进行测量。重点论述了声层析成像温度场检测系统中的关键——声波飞渡时间的测量。
本文分别以白噪声及扫频信号为信号源,采用计算机仿真软件MATLAB,对声波在声发射端和接收端之间的飞渡时间的互相关估计进行了计算机仿真研究。分析比较了信噪比、采样点数、采样频率取不同值时的相关系数曲线,探讨了上述参数对飞行时间互相关测量精度的影响。研究结果表明:采用白噪声或扫频信号作为信号源,应用互相关法测量声波飞渡时间具有很好的抗干扰能力,在采样点数及采样间隔选取适当的时候会得到满意的结果。
本文设计了以白噪声为声源,单片机控制的声学温度场检测系统下位机,实现了声波飞渡时间的互相关测量。对下位机系统进行了实验室测试,测试了在同一温度下声波飞渡时间与声波传播距离的关系,结果表明飞渡时间测量值与传播距离呈线性关系;测试了传播距离一定时声波飞渡时间与室温间的关系,结果表明声波飞渡时间随着室温的升高而减小,符合声速与气体介质温度间关系。下位机初步实验结果表明,所采取的声源和信号处理方可实现声波飞渡时间及声波飞行路径上平均温度的测量。论文还介绍了下位机硬件电路的各部分组成及软件程序流程图。
Recently temperature field measurement based on acoustic tomography is applied to measurement of furnace temperature, and developed rapidly. This paper introduce the technology of acoustic tomography, summarize the research of acoustic pyrometer inside and outside, expatiate the keystone of acoustic temperature field measurement, establish the whole scheme of acoustic temperature field measurement, and make sure to adopt the method of correlation function analysis to measure the travel-time of sound wave. This paper mainly discusses the key point of the acoustic temperature field measurement—The travel- time of sound wave.In this paper we separately use White noise and chirp signal as signal source, and apply simulate software MATLAB to research the time delay between the transmitted signal and the received signal. The correlation coefficient curves corresponding to different SNR、 sampling number and sampling interval are analyzed and compared. The influences of these parameters to the precision of correlation measurement are discussed. The results of research indicate that the correlation measurement of delay time has good ability of anti-jamming with suitable sampling number and sampling interval when white noise or chirp signal is used as signal source.With White noise signal source and correlation function analysis, we design the acoustic temperature measurement system controlled by sing chip computer and implement the measurement of the travel-time of sound wave. The sound wave travel-time at different sound travel-distance is measured at a fixed temperature. The test results show that the relationship between the measured sound wave travel-time and the measured sensor's distance is linearity. The sound wave travel-time at different medium temperature is also measured at a fixed sensor distance. The test results indicate that when gas medium temperature is higher, the sound wave travel-time will be smaller, which accords with the relationship of gas medium temperature and velocity of sound. The preliminary test results
prove that the signal source and the signal processing method adopted can implement the measurement of the sound travel-time and the average temperature on sound travel-path. The hardware and software design are also given in this paper.
本文分别以白噪声及扫频信号为信号源,采用计算机仿真软件MATLAB,对声波在声发射端和接收端之间的飞渡时间的互相关估计进行了计算机仿真研究。分析比较了信噪比、采样点数、采样频率取不同值时的相关系数曲线,探讨了上述参数对飞行时间互相关测量精度的影响。研究结果表明:采用白噪声或扫频信号作为信号源,应用互相关法测量声波飞渡时间具有很好的抗干扰能力,在采样点数及采样间隔选取适当的时候会得到满意的结果。
本文设计了以白噪声为声源,单片机控制的声学温度场检测系统下位机,实现了声波飞渡时间的互相关测量。对下位机系统进行了实验室测试,测试了在同一温度下声波飞渡时间与声波传播距离的关系,结果表明飞渡时间测量值与传播距离呈线性关系;测试了传播距离一定时声波飞渡时间与室温间的关系,结果表明声波飞渡时间随着室温的升高而减小,符合声速与气体介质温度间关系。下位机初步实验结果表明,所采取的声源和信号处理方可实现声波飞渡时间及声波飞行路径上平均温度的测量。论文还介绍了下位机硬件电路的各部分组成及软件程序流程图。
Recently temperature field measurement based on acoustic tomography is applied to measurement of furnace temperature, and developed rapidly. This paper introduce the technology of acoustic tomography, summarize the research of acoustic pyrometer inside and outside, expatiate the keystone of acoustic temperature field measurement, establish the whole scheme of acoustic temperature field measurement, and make sure to adopt the method of correlation function analysis to measure the travel-time of sound wave. This paper mainly discusses the key point of the acoustic temperature field measurement—The travel- time of sound wave.In this paper we separately use White noise and chirp signal as signal source, and apply simulate software MATLAB to research the time delay between the transmitted signal and the received signal. The correlation coefficient curves corresponding to different SNR、 sampling number and sampling interval are analyzed and compared. The influences of these parameters to the precision of correlation measurement are discussed. The results of research indicate that the correlation measurement of delay time has good ability of anti-jamming with suitable sampling number and sampling interval when white noise or chirp signal is used as signal source.With White noise signal source and correlation function analysis, we design the acoustic temperature measurement system controlled by sing chip computer and implement the measurement of the travel-time of sound wave. The sound wave travel-time at different sound travel-distance is measured at a fixed temperature. The test results show that the relationship between the measured sound wave travel-time and the measured sensor's distance is linearity. The sound wave travel-time at different medium temperature is also measured at a fixed sensor distance. The test results indicate that when gas medium temperature is higher, the sound wave travel-time will be smaller, which accords with the relationship of gas medium temperature and velocity of sound. The preliminary test results
prove that the signal source and the signal processing method adopted can implement the measurement of the sound travel-time and the average temperature on sound travel-path. The hardware and software design are also given in this paper.
引文
[1] 范惠荣.关于若干CT图像重建算法的研究[D].内蒙古:内蒙古大学硕士学位论文,2003
[2] 盛锋.基于辐射成像逆问题求解的温度场重建方法研究[D].武汉:华中理工大学,2000
[3] 刘彤,荆欣,庞立平.发展中的锅炉炉内温度测量技术[J].现代电力,2002,19(4):14-19
[4] 叶冲.利用声波探测海洋温度[J].国外科技动态,1997,4(11):38
[5] 关定华.用声学方法监测海洋一海洋声层析技术和大洋气候声学测温[J].物理学进展,1996,16(3):504～514
[6] 华彦平,邹煜,吕震中.现代燃煤电站锅炉火焰检测综述[J].热能动力工程,2001,16,(91):1～5
[7] 朱麟章编著.高温测量原理与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1991
[8] 田丰,邵富群,王福利.声学法工业炉温度场检测的现状与关键技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,309(6):50～52
[9] J Lu, Wakai K. Acoustic computer tomographic pyrometry for two—dimensional measurement of gases taking into account the effect of refraction of sound wave paths [J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 2000(11): 692～697
[10] Muzio L J, Eskinazi D, Green S F. Acoustic pyrometer:A new diagnostic tool[J]. Power Engineering, 1989(11): 49～52
[11] John A Kleppe. Adapt acoustic pyrometer to meature the flue-gas flow[J]. Power, 1995(8) 38～42
[12] Donaldl Birx. Chaotic oscillatorand CMFFNS torsignal detection in noise environments [J]. IEEE International Joint Conferenceon Neural Networks, 1992, 2: 821～888
[13] Shogo T, Satoshi H. Measurement of temperature in boilers using acoustic sensors[J]. SICE, 1998,109A: 185～192
[14] 邵富群,吴建云.声学法复杂温度场的重组测量[J].控制与决策,1999,14(2):121～124
[15] Kleppe J. Engineering Applications of Acoustics[J]. Artech Press, 1989, Boston
[16] 何其伟,於正前,李言钦,等.炉膛速度场声学检测装置[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2003,(3):42～45
[17] C H Knapp, G C Carter. Thegeneralized correlational method for estimation of timed delay[J]. IEEE Trans on assp, 1976, 24(4): 320～327
[18] 张晓东,高波,宋之平.互相关函数法在声学测温技术中的应用研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,4:185～188
[19] 贾莉娜.声学法二维温度场重建算法及仿真分析[J].本溪冶金高等专科学校学报,2002,4(3):17～19
[20] 何其伟,於正前,李言钦,等.炉膛速度场声学检测装置[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2003,(3):42～45
[21] 向阳.基于互相关延时估计的波速估计方法[J].武汉理工大学学报,信息与管理工程版,2003,25(5):63～65
[22] 李汉军,肖江淑,李玉琮.相关性分析在自动检测中的应用[J].湘潭师范学院学报,2000,6(21):37～41
[23] 李丽.燃煤锅炉火焰测温系统研究.北京:清华大学硕士研究生论文,1998
[24] 曾庭华,马斌.锅炉炉膛温度场测量技术[J].广东电力,1999,12(5):48～50
[25] 田丰,孙小平,邓福军等.声学法电站锅炉温度场重建算法的研究与比较[J].量子电子学报,2003,20(5):607～612
[26] 宋志强,樊旭,徐昶.声学锅炉二维温度分布测量方法及仿真分析[J].电力科学与工程,2004,13:12～15
[27] 黄庆康.声学炉内温度场实时监测系统[J].电站系统工程,2000,16(4):221～223
[28] Abdul Rahim R, et al. Futher Development of A Tomographic Imaging System Using Optical Fibres for Pneumatic Conveyors[J]. Meas.Sci. Technol, 1996, 7: 419～422
[29] Mauro B, Emanuele A, Salerno, et al. An acoustic pyrometer system for tomographic thermal imaging in power plant boilers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1996, 45(1): 159～161
[30] L G Yorl, F H Dams J r, J A Kleppe. Acoustic Pyrometers:Picture Windows to boiler performance[J]. Power, August, 1991, 65～67
[31] Derek R. A miscroprocessor controlled flame monitor [J]. Mod Power System (USA), 1984, 4(4): 43～49
[32] 薛年喜.MATLAB在数字信号处理中的应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[33] 胡广书.数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[34] 许庆山.信号与系统[M].北京:航空工业出版社,1992,66～70
[35] 柏又青.互相关函数在误差分离技术中的应用[J].工科教学,1995,3(11):28～31.
[36] 王智慧,李忠慧,王磊.超声波互相关流量测量技术及应用综述[J].测控技术,2000,19(3):11～13
[37] 罗秀芝.利用相关原理测量物体运动速度[J].实验技术与管理,1999,6(16):53～54
[38] 康海贵,王平让,孙鹤泉.互相关技术在海洋工程中的应用研究[J].海洋技术,2003,4(22):58～61
[39] 袁镇福,浦兴国,周洁,等.压力信号互相关法在线测量高温烟速初步研究[J].仪器仪表学报,1999,20(6):615～618
[40] 孟建.相位相关技术研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,2003,2(25):140～142
[41] 张维君,李树良.工业炉温度场声学测量系统[J].微计算机应用,2004,3(25):343～347
[42] 张钥嫒.声学法工业炉二维温度场重建算法研究与软件实现[D].沈阳:东北大学硕士学位论文,2001
[2] 盛锋.基于辐射成像逆问题求解的温度场重建方法研究[D].武汉:华中理工大学,2000
[3] 刘彤,荆欣,庞立平.发展中的锅炉炉内温度测量技术[J].现代电力,2002,19(4):14-19
[4] 叶冲.利用声波探测海洋温度[J].国外科技动态,1997,4(11):38
[5] 关定华.用声学方法监测海洋一海洋声层析技术和大洋气候声学测温[J].物理学进展,1996,16(3):504～514
[6] 华彦平,邹煜,吕震中.现代燃煤电站锅炉火焰检测综述[J].热能动力工程,2001,16,(91):1～5
[7] 朱麟章编著.高温测量原理与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1991
[8] 田丰,邵富群,王福利.声学法工业炉温度场检测的现状与关键技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2002,309(6):50～52
[9] J Lu, Wakai K. Acoustic computer tomographic pyrometry for two—dimensional measurement of gases taking into account the effect of refraction of sound wave paths [J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 2000(11): 692～697
[10] Muzio L J, Eskinazi D, Green S F. Acoustic pyrometer:A new diagnostic tool[J]. Power Engineering, 1989(11): 49～52
[11] John A Kleppe. Adapt acoustic pyrometer to meature the flue-gas flow[J]. Power, 1995(8) 38～42
[12] Donaldl Birx. Chaotic oscillatorand CMFFNS torsignal detection in noise environments [J]. IEEE International Joint Conferenceon Neural Networks, 1992, 2: 821～888
[13] Shogo T, Satoshi H. Measurement of temperature in boilers using acoustic sensors[J]. SICE, 1998,109A: 185～192
[14] 邵富群,吴建云.声学法复杂温度场的重组测量[J].控制与决策,1999,14(2):121～124
[15] Kleppe J. Engineering Applications of Acoustics[J]. Artech Press, 1989, Boston
[16] 何其伟,於正前,李言钦,等.炉膛速度场声学检测装置[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2003,(3):42～45
[17] C H Knapp, G C Carter. Thegeneralized correlational method for estimation of timed delay[J]. IEEE Trans on assp, 1976, 24(4): 320～327
[18] 张晓东,高波,宋之平.互相关函数法在声学测温技术中的应用研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,4:185～188
[19] 贾莉娜.声学法二维温度场重建算法及仿真分析[J].本溪冶金高等专科学校学报,2002,4(3):17～19
[20] 何其伟,於正前,李言钦,等.炉膛速度场声学检测装置[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2003,(3):42～45
[21] 向阳.基于互相关延时估计的波速估计方法[J].武汉理工大学学报,信息与管理工程版,2003,25(5):63～65
[22] 李汉军,肖江淑,李玉琮.相关性分析在自动检测中的应用[J].湘潭师范学院学报,2000,6(21):37～41
[23] 李丽.燃煤锅炉火焰测温系统研究.北京:清华大学硕士研究生论文,1998
[24] 曾庭华,马斌.锅炉炉膛温度场测量技术[J].广东电力,1999,12(5):48～50
[25] 田丰,孙小平,邓福军等.声学法电站锅炉温度场重建算法的研究与比较[J].量子电子学报,2003,20(5):607～612
[26] 宋志强,樊旭,徐昶.声学锅炉二维温度分布测量方法及仿真分析[J].电力科学与工程,2004,13:12～15
[27] 黄庆康.声学炉内温度场实时监测系统[J].电站系统工程,2000,16(4):221～223
[28] Abdul Rahim R, et al. Futher Development of A Tomographic Imaging System Using Optical Fibres for Pneumatic Conveyors[J]. Meas.Sci. Technol, 1996, 7: 419～422
[29] Mauro B, Emanuele A, Salerno, et al. An acoustic pyrometer system for tomographic thermal imaging in power plant boilers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1996, 45(1): 159～161
[30] L G Yorl, F H Dams J r, J A Kleppe. Acoustic Pyrometers:Picture Windows to boiler performance[J]. Power, August, 1991, 65～67
[31] Derek R. A miscroprocessor controlled flame monitor [J]. Mod Power System (USA), 1984, 4(4): 43～49
[32] 薛年喜.MATLAB在数字信号处理中的应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[33] 胡广书.数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997
[34] 许庆山.信号与系统[M].北京:航空工业出版社,1992,66～70
[35] 柏又青.互相关函数在误差分离技术中的应用[J].工科教学,1995,3(11):28～31.
[36] 王智慧,李忠慧,王磊.超声波互相关流量测量技术及应用综述[J].测控技术,2000,19(3):11～13
[37] 罗秀芝.利用相关原理测量物体运动速度[J].实验技术与管理,1999,6(16):53～54
[38] 康海贵,王平让,孙鹤泉.互相关技术在海洋工程中的应用研究[J].海洋技术,2003,4(22):58～61
[39] 袁镇福,浦兴国,周洁,等.压力信号互相关法在线测量高温烟速初步研究[J].仪器仪表学报,1999,20(6):615～618
[40] 孟建.相位相关技术研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,2003,2(25):140～142
[41] 张维君,李树良.工业炉温度场声学测量系统[J].微计算机应用,2004,3(25):343～347
[42] 张钥嫒.声学法工业炉二维温度场重建算法研究与软件实现[D].沈阳:东北大学硕士学位论文,2001