基于油田污水结垢的扫频磁场防垢技术研究
摘要
我国工业生产的迅速发展和日趋复杂的环境问题促进了环境治理技术和工艺的不断发展和进步。磁处理技术因为具有应用方便、投资少、无毒无污染等优点,在防垢除垢防腐领域得到了广泛的应用。
磁处理技术在应用中需要解决的关键问题是其适用条件和处理机制。本文利用扫频电磁水处理器,通过改变离子的质量浓度、碱度、pH值,磁处理时间等试验参数,对磁处理影响抑垢效果的因素进行了研究,得出了一些有意义的成果。研究表明,水经磁场处理后物理化学性质会发生变化,水的结构发生了改变,活性增强,并具有记忆效应。磁场的抑垢效果受水质条件和磁处理参数的限制,磁处理前后垢的化学成分没有发生变化。本文还利用自行设计的除垢装置,对扫频磁场处理器的除垢效果进行了测定,经磁场处理后,油田水的浊度增加。并且在大量查阅文献的基础上,从洛仑兹力、分子排列取向、相变以及三重态角度分析了磁处理防垢除垢的机理。磁处理的抑垢除垢机理在于磁处理破坏了水分子间氢键的作用,水的活性增强,抑制了垢的进一步生长,改变了晶体的结构。通过试验研究和理论分析,为磁处理抑垢的实际应用提供依据。因为油田水对金属管道等存在严重腐蚀,本文还对磁场处理循环水的温度、溶解氧浓度(DO)、pH值及氧化还原电位(ORP)进行了测定,探讨了磁场水处理对生锈铁管的防锈除锈机理。磁场水处理使得Fe2O3在铁管表面形成致密的复合氧化物Fe3O4,对铁管起保护作用。
With the development of industry production and more serious environment problem, the technology and craft for environmental improvement has greatly improved. As for the Magnetic treatment advantage, such as easy application, fewer investments, poison-free and pollution-free, it is used extensively in the field of anti-scaling and scale removal.
The critical thing for magnetic treatment application is to determine the applicable condition and its principle. In this paper, the swept magnetic field processor is used to change the mass thickness, alkalinity, pH value of the ions and the working time of the processor. The factors which affect the efficiency of the magnetic treatment are analyzed and come to some helpful conclusions in this paper. The research shows that after the magnetic treatment, the water’s physical and chemical characters are changed, as well as the structure. The water boosts up and has the effect of memory, but its chemical ingredient does not change. The anti-scaling impact of the magnetic is limited by the water quality and magnetic disposal parameters. Using the self-design scale removal equipment, the scale removal effect of swept magnetic field processor is measured and finds that after the processing, the oil field water becomes more turbid. By reading the reference, the anti-scaling mechanism of magnetic treatment is analyzed .The reason why the magnetic treatment can remove scale is that the magnetic treatment destroys the Hydrogen Bonding of water molecule, which makes water boosts up and restrains scaling. In addition it also changes the crystal’s structure. The experiment and analysis gives the support for application. As the oil field water can heavily rot the iron pipes, the experiment also measures the temperature、oxygen density、pH and reductant-oxidant pressure and discusses the magnetic water treatment mechanism for anti-rotting. The magnetic water treatment can make the Fe2O3 form think skin on the surface of the pipe to protect the pipe, which composed of compound oxide Fe3O4 .
磁处理技术在应用中需要解决的关键问题是其适用条件和处理机制。本文利用扫频电磁水处理器,通过改变离子的质量浓度、碱度、pH值,磁处理时间等试验参数,对磁处理影响抑垢效果的因素进行了研究,得出了一些有意义的成果。研究表明,水经磁场处理后物理化学性质会发生变化,水的结构发生了改变,活性增强,并具有记忆效应。磁场的抑垢效果受水质条件和磁处理参数的限制,磁处理前后垢的化学成分没有发生变化。本文还利用自行设计的除垢装置,对扫频磁场处理器的除垢效果进行了测定,经磁场处理后,油田水的浊度增加。并且在大量查阅文献的基础上,从洛仑兹力、分子排列取向、相变以及三重态角度分析了磁处理防垢除垢的机理。磁处理的抑垢除垢机理在于磁处理破坏了水分子间氢键的作用,水的活性增强,抑制了垢的进一步生长,改变了晶体的结构。通过试验研究和理论分析,为磁处理抑垢的实际应用提供依据。因为油田水对金属管道等存在严重腐蚀,本文还对磁场处理循环水的温度、溶解氧浓度(DO)、pH值及氧化还原电位(ORP)进行了测定,探讨了磁场水处理对生锈铁管的防锈除锈机理。磁场水处理使得Fe2O3在铁管表面形成致密的复合氧化物Fe3O4,对铁管起保护作用。
With the development of industry production and more serious environment problem, the technology and craft for environmental improvement has greatly improved. As for the Magnetic treatment advantage, such as easy application, fewer investments, poison-free and pollution-free, it is used extensively in the field of anti-scaling and scale removal.
The critical thing for magnetic treatment application is to determine the applicable condition and its principle. In this paper, the swept magnetic field processor is used to change the mass thickness, alkalinity, pH value of the ions and the working time of the processor. The factors which affect the efficiency of the magnetic treatment are analyzed and come to some helpful conclusions in this paper. The research shows that after the magnetic treatment, the water’s physical and chemical characters are changed, as well as the structure. The water boosts up and has the effect of memory, but its chemical ingredient does not change. The anti-scaling impact of the magnetic is limited by the water quality and magnetic disposal parameters. Using the self-design scale removal equipment, the scale removal effect of swept magnetic field processor is measured and finds that after the processing, the oil field water becomes more turbid. By reading the reference, the anti-scaling mechanism of magnetic treatment is analyzed .The reason why the magnetic treatment can remove scale is that the magnetic treatment destroys the Hydrogen Bonding of water molecule, which makes water boosts up and restrains scaling. In addition it also changes the crystal’s structure. The experiment and analysis gives the support for application. As the oil field water can heavily rot the iron pipes, the experiment also measures the temperature、oxygen density、pH and reductant-oxidant pressure and discusses the magnetic water treatment mechanism for anti-rotting. The magnetic water treatment can make the Fe2O3 form think skin on the surface of the pipe to protect the pipe, which composed of compound oxide Fe3O4 .
引文
[1]金熙,项成林,齐冬子.工业水处理技术问答及常用数据[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1997
[2]刘德绪.油田污水处理工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[3]齐连惠.工业循环冷却水技术与研究动态[J].环境科学与进展,1997,7(1):78-81
[4]张玉春.磁化除垢器在循环水系统的应用[J].石油化工环境保护,1997,2:61-62
[5] Busch K W. Laboratory Studies on Magnetic Water Treatment and Their Relationship to a Possible Mechanism for Scale Reduction[J]. Desalination.1997,109(2):131-148
[6] Sonneveld P J. The Conductance of Suspensions with Conducting Particles. Journal Of Applied Electrochemistry[J]. 1992,22:935-949
[7]吴纯得,范瑾初.超声波降解水体中有机物的研究与进展[J].给水排水,1997,23(10):61-63
[8]陆柱,郑士忠,,钱滇子等.油田水处理技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990
[9]马伟.磁场效应在水处理中的作用与研究[M].工业水处理.1997,17(6):1-3
[10]丁昭.磁化防垢机理及适用范围研究[J].科技通报.1998,13(6):378-379
[11] Sprunt S. A high-field Magnetic Birefringence Study of Dilute phase of a Nonionic Surfactant in Water [J] .Chem.Phys.1999,103(23):10325-10331
[12] Higashitani K.Effect of Magnetic Field on Stability of Nonmagnetic Ultrafine Colloidal Particles [J].Colloid and Interface Science.1999,152(1):125-131
[13]周龙祥.强磁防垢技术在油田的应用研究[J].石油钻采工艺.1999,21(2):93-96
[14] Knudsen J.G. Fouling of heat exchangers [M].The Unite Sate of America Noyes Publishing Corporation.1985,6-35
[15]程立新,杨杰辉.换热设备防结垢技术进展[J].石油化工设备.2000,29(4):23-24
[16]李化民,苏显举,马文铁等.油田含油污水处理[M].石油工业出版社.1992,5-6
[17]陆柱,郑士忠等.油田水处理技术[M].石油工业出版社.1990
[18]舒福昌,宝良.油田注水结垢趋势预测及试验验证[J].江汉石油学院学报.2000:22(3):87-21
[19]俞敦义,田玉.枣大站油田污水垢处理[J].油田化学.1993,10(3):257-259
[20]刘军营,张明,李素玲.水垢的预测与磁化处理技术[J].节能技术.2002(5):27-29
[21]罗明亮,蒲春生.地层无机结垢预测技术研究与应用[J].石油钻采工艺.2001,23(2):32-35
[22] Donaldson J D. Magnetic Treatment of Fluids[J].Brewers’Guardian.1999,7:20-24
[23]努尔江.水的电磁处理[J].中国给排水.1998,14(2):39-41
[24]徐晓宙.高频电磁场防垢机理的实验研究.西安交大学报.1997,31(1):124-126
[25]向阳,李国建.高压静电处理城市污水实验[J].中国给排水.1996,12(6):34~35
[26] Eliassen R,Skrinde T,William D.Experimental Performance of“Miracle”Water Conditions[J].Am Water Works Assoc.1958,50:1371-1385
[27] Vermeiren T . Magnetic Treatment Device for Scale and Corrosion Prevention[J].Corrosion Technology.1958,6:215-219
[28] Knonenbery G.. Experimental Evidence for Effects of Magnetic Fields on Moving Water[C].IEEE Trans Magnet.1985,MAG-21(5):2059-2061.
[29]张玉春.磁化除垢器在循环水系统的应用[J].石油华工环境保护.1997,2:61-62
[30]窦照英.正确认识磁场电场防垢技术[J].电力环境保护.1993,9(3):36-38,41
[31] Sprunt S. A High-field Magnetic Birefringence Study of Dilute phase of a Nonionic Surfactant in Water [J] .Chem Phys.1999,103(23):10325-10331
[32]徐生辉.磁化水生物效应及机理研究进展[J].中国医学物理学杂志. 1997,14(2):129- 130
[33]赵新杰.磁化水物理特性的测试[J].宁夏大学学报(自然科学版).1995,16(3):29~33
[34]朱元保,颜流水,曹祉祥.磁化水的物理化学性能[J].湖南大学学报,1996,26(1):21-32
[35] Haitham AL-Qahtani.Effect of Magnetic Treatment on Gulf Sea-water[J].Desalination. 2001,107:75-81
[36] L Duncans R. Effects of a Magnetic Field on the Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate Deren[J]. Journal of Materials Science Letters.1999,15:613-615
[37] Wang Y, Babchin A J, Chernyi L T, et al. Rapid Onset of Calcium Carbonate Crystallization Under the Influence of a Magnetic Field[J]. Wat Res.1997,31(2):346~350
[38] Kochmarsky V. Magnetic Treatment of Water Possible Mechanism and Conditions for Application[J]. Magnetic and Electrical Separation.1999,7:77-107
[39] Donaldson J D , Grimes S M. Lifting the Scales From Our Pipes[J]. New Scientist.1999,117(18): 43-46
[40]马秀波,周开学.磁场对碳酸钙结晶影响的探讨.工业水处理. 2003,23(9):18-19
[41]克拉辛.磁化水[M].北京:计量出版社,1982
[42]周开学.磁处理延缓硫酸钙型结垢机理研究[J] .物理.1998,(4):26-33
[43]卢贵武.磁场对水内能及结构影响的MC计算机模拟研究[J].计算物理.1998,15(4):503-508
[44] Mihalym,Dadvidl. Beveridge further quasi component distribution function analysis of liquid water. Temperature dependence of the results[J].Journal of Chem Phys,1982,76(1),593-600
[45] Hidekit,Koichiron,Nobuatsuw. Constant temperature molecular dynamics calculation on Lennard-Jones field and its application to water[J].Journal of Chem Phys, 1983,78(5):2626-2634
[46]张军,周开学.磁场对水内能作用的分子动力学模拟[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版).2002,26(2):100-112
[47]邓勃,李隆弟.分析化学词典[M].北京:北京工业出版社,2003,867
[48] C Gabrielli,R Jaouhari,et al. Magnetic water treatment[J].Wat Re,2001,35(13):3249-3259
[49]王彤,刘雪静.仪器分析与实验[M].青岛:青岛出版社.2000:117-130
[50]方健,李广兵,,李杰.硫酸钙晶体自发沉淀动力学研究[J].工业水处理,2000,20(10):1-4
[51]朱宜,汪裕苹,陈文熊.扫描电镜图象的形成处理和显微分析[M].北京:北京大学出版社.1991:1-5
[52] DuncanA.The structure of some simple molecules with lone pair elections[J].Trans Faraday SOC,1953,49:214-224
[53] Herzbeg G..Molecular Spectra and molecular structure[M].Vol11.50
[54]赵凯,朱熙谋.电磁学(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1985,405-410
[55] Monhanwa S,Fahidy T Z. The Effect of a Uniform Magnetic Field on Mass Transfer in Electrolysis[J].The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,1972,30:248- 253
[56] E.B.哈姆斯基.化学工业中的结晶[M].北京:化学工业出版社.1984
[2]刘德绪.油田污水处理工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001
[3]齐连惠.工业循环冷却水技术与研究动态[J].环境科学与进展,1997,7(1):78-81
[4]张玉春.磁化除垢器在循环水系统的应用[J].石油化工环境保护,1997,2:61-62
[5] Busch K W. Laboratory Studies on Magnetic Water Treatment and Their Relationship to a Possible Mechanism for Scale Reduction[J]. Desalination.1997,109(2):131-148
[6] Sonneveld P J. The Conductance of Suspensions with Conducting Particles. Journal Of Applied Electrochemistry[J]. 1992,22:935-949
[7]吴纯得,范瑾初.超声波降解水体中有机物的研究与进展[J].给水排水,1997,23(10):61-63
[8]陆柱,郑士忠,,钱滇子等.油田水处理技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990
[9]马伟.磁场效应在水处理中的作用与研究[M].工业水处理.1997,17(6):1-3
[10]丁昭.磁化防垢机理及适用范围研究[J].科技通报.1998,13(6):378-379
[11] Sprunt S. A high-field Magnetic Birefringence Study of Dilute phase of a Nonionic Surfactant in Water [J] .Chem.Phys.1999,103(23):10325-10331
[12] Higashitani K.Effect of Magnetic Field on Stability of Nonmagnetic Ultrafine Colloidal Particles [J].Colloid and Interface Science.1999,152(1):125-131
[13]周龙祥.强磁防垢技术在油田的应用研究[J].石油钻采工艺.1999,21(2):93-96
[14] Knudsen J.G. Fouling of heat exchangers [M].The Unite Sate of America Noyes Publishing Corporation.1985,6-35
[15]程立新,杨杰辉.换热设备防结垢技术进展[J].石油化工设备.2000,29(4):23-24
[16]李化民,苏显举,马文铁等.油田含油污水处理[M].石油工业出版社.1992,5-6
[17]陆柱,郑士忠等.油田水处理技术[M].石油工业出版社.1990
[18]舒福昌,宝良.油田注水结垢趋势预测及试验验证[J].江汉石油学院学报.2000:22(3):87-21
[19]俞敦义,田玉.枣大站油田污水垢处理[J].油田化学.1993,10(3):257-259
[20]刘军营,张明,李素玲.水垢的预测与磁化处理技术[J].节能技术.2002(5):27-29
[21]罗明亮,蒲春生.地层无机结垢预测技术研究与应用[J].石油钻采工艺.2001,23(2):32-35
[22] Donaldson J D. Magnetic Treatment of Fluids[J].Brewers’Guardian.1999,7:20-24
[23]努尔江.水的电磁处理[J].中国给排水.1998,14(2):39-41
[24]徐晓宙.高频电磁场防垢机理的实验研究.西安交大学报.1997,31(1):124-126
[25]向阳,李国建.高压静电处理城市污水实验[J].中国给排水.1996,12(6):34~35
[26] Eliassen R,Skrinde T,William D.Experimental Performance of“Miracle”Water Conditions[J].Am Water Works Assoc.1958,50:1371-1385
[27] Vermeiren T . Magnetic Treatment Device for Scale and Corrosion Prevention[J].Corrosion Technology.1958,6:215-219
[28] Knonenbery G.. Experimental Evidence for Effects of Magnetic Fields on Moving Water[C].IEEE Trans Magnet.1985,MAG-21(5):2059-2061.
[29]张玉春.磁化除垢器在循环水系统的应用[J].石油华工环境保护.1997,2:61-62
[30]窦照英.正确认识磁场电场防垢技术[J].电力环境保护.1993,9(3):36-38,41
[31] Sprunt S. A High-field Magnetic Birefringence Study of Dilute phase of a Nonionic Surfactant in Water [J] .Chem Phys.1999,103(23):10325-10331
[32]徐生辉.磁化水生物效应及机理研究进展[J].中国医学物理学杂志. 1997,14(2):129- 130
[33]赵新杰.磁化水物理特性的测试[J].宁夏大学学报(自然科学版).1995,16(3):29~33
[34]朱元保,颜流水,曹祉祥.磁化水的物理化学性能[J].湖南大学学报,1996,26(1):21-32
[35] Haitham AL-Qahtani.Effect of Magnetic Treatment on Gulf Sea-water[J].Desalination. 2001,107:75-81
[36] L Duncans R. Effects of a Magnetic Field on the Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate Deren[J]. Journal of Materials Science Letters.1999,15:613-615
[37] Wang Y, Babchin A J, Chernyi L T, et al. Rapid Onset of Calcium Carbonate Crystallization Under the Influence of a Magnetic Field[J]. Wat Res.1997,31(2):346~350
[38] Kochmarsky V. Magnetic Treatment of Water Possible Mechanism and Conditions for Application[J]. Magnetic and Electrical Separation.1999,7:77-107
[39] Donaldson J D , Grimes S M. Lifting the Scales From Our Pipes[J]. New Scientist.1999,117(18): 43-46
[40]马秀波,周开学.磁场对碳酸钙结晶影响的探讨.工业水处理. 2003,23(9):18-19
[41]克拉辛.磁化水[M].北京:计量出版社,1982
[42]周开学.磁处理延缓硫酸钙型结垢机理研究[J] .物理.1998,(4):26-33
[43]卢贵武.磁场对水内能及结构影响的MC计算机模拟研究[J].计算物理.1998,15(4):503-508
[44] Mihalym,Dadvidl. Beveridge further quasi component distribution function analysis of liquid water. Temperature dependence of the results[J].Journal of Chem Phys,1982,76(1),593-600
[45] Hidekit,Koichiron,Nobuatsuw. Constant temperature molecular dynamics calculation on Lennard-Jones field and its application to water[J].Journal of Chem Phys, 1983,78(5):2626-2634
[46]张军,周开学.磁场对水内能作用的分子动力学模拟[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版).2002,26(2):100-112
[47]邓勃,李隆弟.分析化学词典[M].北京:北京工业出版社,2003,867
[48] C Gabrielli,R Jaouhari,et al. Magnetic water treatment[J].Wat Re,2001,35(13):3249-3259
[49]王彤,刘雪静.仪器分析与实验[M].青岛:青岛出版社.2000:117-130
[50]方健,李广兵,,李杰.硫酸钙晶体自发沉淀动力学研究[J].工业水处理,2000,20(10):1-4
[51]朱宜,汪裕苹,陈文熊.扫描电镜图象的形成处理和显微分析[M].北京:北京大学出版社.1991:1-5
[52] DuncanA.The structure of some simple molecules with lone pair elections[J].Trans Faraday SOC,1953,49:214-224
[53] Herzbeg G..Molecular Spectra and molecular structure[M].Vol11.50
[54]赵凯,朱熙谋.电磁学(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1985,405-410
[55] Monhanwa S,Fahidy T Z. The Effect of a Uniform Magnetic Field on Mass Transfer in Electrolysis[J].The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering,1972,30:248- 253
[56] E.B.哈姆斯基.化学工业中的结晶[M].北京:化学工业出版社.1984