储油罐及工艺管线腐蚀检测及治理方案研究
摘要
材料的腐蚀会给国民经济带来很大的损失,中石油管道兰成渝输油分公司的管道经过酸雨分布情况比较严重的成渝主要市县地区,该地区的大气环境对输油设备造成一定影响。
本文结合兰成渝输油分公司的科技项目“成渝段储油罐及工艺管线震后检测分析”,对酸雨对储罐设备材料的腐蚀机理同成渝地区特有的大气环境的影响因素进行了理论研究并作了现场实际检查分析,对兰成渝输油设备材料在模拟成渝酸雨溶液中的腐蚀行为及影响做了室内腐蚀试验,取得了以下研究成果：
1.依据金属腐蚀极化原理并应用Tafel直线法,研究了对于构成腐蚀体系的金属电极,在外加电流的作用下材料的阳极极化和阴极极化行为；
2.现场调研储罐底板边缘板的腐蚀情况,分析其腐蚀的原因,认为腐蚀的发生主要是由于储罐载荷的变化而导致的变形所致,这种变形的变形量大小与基础的软硬程度、边缘板的厚度、储液高度、使用周期和时间的长短有关；
3.基于大气环境对金属材料的腐蚀机理,研究了环境因素包括大气湿度、降水量、温度、二氧化碳以及固体颗粒和材料表面状态对腐蚀行为的影响情况；
4.通过调研资料及成渝市环保局提供的数据,对成渝地区酸雨离子成分及PH值进行了测定,并配制了相应模拟酸雨溶液；
5.通过调研及结合实际情况研究选择了常用的恒电位法测量极化曲线以及挂片失重法测量了在模拟酸雨溶液中储罐及工艺管线设备三种不同材料的腐蚀速率,并用盐雾试验法对筛选的几种常用防腐蚀涂料进行了评价。
Corrosion will cause great economic losses. The pipelines of "Lan-Cheng-Yu" branch, which belongs to China Petro Pipeline Corporation, are passing through the main cities and counties of Chengdu and Chongqing where acid rain is relatively serious, and the atmospheric environment there has some impact on the oil transfer equipment.
This paper, according to "Lan-Cheng-Yu" branch's project "The Detection & Analysis of 'Cheng-Yu'Section's Storage Tanks and Process Pipeline After Earthquake ",conducts theoretical research and field practices analysis on the acid rain,the corrosion mechanism of the equipment materials and the unique atmospheric environment of Chengdu area.It then simulates Chengdu's acid rain atmosphere,makes laboratory experiment on the "Lan-Cheng-Yu " oil transferring equipment materials,and achieved the following results:
1. Based on Principles of metal corrosion polarization and application of Tafel straight-line method, it studies metal electrode materials'anodic polarization & cathodic polarization behavior under the impressed current, which is the composition of metal electrode corrosion system;
2. According to the investigation into the corrosion of tank bottom edge and the analysis of the reasons, it turns out that the reasons for the corrosion are mainly due to deformation caused by the changes of load, and the degree of the deformation are related to the soft and hard extent of basis, the plate's thickness, oil level, life cycle and the length of time;
3. Based on the corrosion mechanism of atmospheric environment's impacts on the metal materials, it studies the influence of environmental factors (such as atmospheric humidity, precipitation, temperature, carbon dioxide), solid particles and material's surface state on corrosion behavior;
4. According to the information investigated and the data collected from Chengdu Environmental Protection Agency, the acid rain's ion component and the PH value in Chengdu and Chongqing are measured, and the simulated acid rain solution is made.
5. By investigating and researching on the actual situation, the potentiostatic method is chosen to make polarization curve and the weight loss method is chosen to measure the corrosion rate of 3 materials in storage tank & process pipeline under the circumstance of simulated acid rain solution. And with the salt spray test, some commonly used anticorrosive coatings are evaluated.
本文结合兰成渝输油分公司的科技项目“成渝段储油罐及工艺管线震后检测分析”,对酸雨对储罐设备材料的腐蚀机理同成渝地区特有的大气环境的影响因素进行了理论研究并作了现场实际检查分析,对兰成渝输油设备材料在模拟成渝酸雨溶液中的腐蚀行为及影响做了室内腐蚀试验,取得了以下研究成果：
1.依据金属腐蚀极化原理并应用Tafel直线法,研究了对于构成腐蚀体系的金属电极,在外加电流的作用下材料的阳极极化和阴极极化行为；
2.现场调研储罐底板边缘板的腐蚀情况,分析其腐蚀的原因,认为腐蚀的发生主要是由于储罐载荷的变化而导致的变形所致,这种变形的变形量大小与基础的软硬程度、边缘板的厚度、储液高度、使用周期和时间的长短有关；
3.基于大气环境对金属材料的腐蚀机理,研究了环境因素包括大气湿度、降水量、温度、二氧化碳以及固体颗粒和材料表面状态对腐蚀行为的影响情况；
4.通过调研资料及成渝市环保局提供的数据,对成渝地区酸雨离子成分及PH值进行了测定,并配制了相应模拟酸雨溶液；
5.通过调研及结合实际情况研究选择了常用的恒电位法测量极化曲线以及挂片失重法测量了在模拟酸雨溶液中储罐及工艺管线设备三种不同材料的腐蚀速率,并用盐雾试验法对筛选的几种常用防腐蚀涂料进行了评价。
Corrosion will cause great economic losses. The pipelines of "Lan-Cheng-Yu" branch, which belongs to China Petro Pipeline Corporation, are passing through the main cities and counties of Chengdu and Chongqing where acid rain is relatively serious, and the atmospheric environment there has some impact on the oil transfer equipment.
This paper, according to "Lan-Cheng-Yu" branch's project "The Detection & Analysis of 'Cheng-Yu'Section's Storage Tanks and Process Pipeline After Earthquake ",conducts theoretical research and field practices analysis on the acid rain,the corrosion mechanism of the equipment materials and the unique atmospheric environment of Chengdu area.It then simulates Chengdu's acid rain atmosphere,makes laboratory experiment on the "Lan-Cheng-Yu " oil transferring equipment materials,and achieved the following results:
1. Based on Principles of metal corrosion polarization and application of Tafel straight-line method, it studies metal electrode materials'anodic polarization & cathodic polarization behavior under the impressed current, which is the composition of metal electrode corrosion system;
2. According to the investigation into the corrosion of tank bottom edge and the analysis of the reasons, it turns out that the reasons for the corrosion are mainly due to deformation caused by the changes of load, and the degree of the deformation are related to the soft and hard extent of basis, the plate's thickness, oil level, life cycle and the length of time;
3. Based on the corrosion mechanism of atmospheric environment's impacts on the metal materials, it studies the influence of environmental factors (such as atmospheric humidity, precipitation, temperature, carbon dioxide), solid particles and material's surface state on corrosion behavior;
4. According to the information investigated and the data collected from Chengdu Environmental Protection Agency, the acid rain's ion component and the PH value in Chengdu and Chongqing are measured, and the simulated acid rain solution is made.
5. By investigating and researching on the actual situation, the potentiostatic method is chosen to make polarization curve and the weight loss method is chosen to measure the corrosion rate of 3 materials in storage tank & process pipeline under the circumstance of simulated acid rain solution. And with the salt spray test, some commonly used anticorrosive coatings are evaluated.
引文
[1]刘永辉,张佩芬.金属腐蚀学原理.北京：航空工业出版社,1993.
[2]Bedrlch Moldna et al. Chemical Composition Atmospheric precipitation. 1998.22(9):1901.
[3]周百兴,徐渝.成渝的酸雨问题及其对策.成渝环境科学,1996,18(2)：1-4.
[4]D. L. Sisterson et al. Deposition Monitoring Methods And Results. SOS/P Report(6). NAPAP.
[5]Sakai T, Hazama T, Miyamura H, et al. rare-based alloy electrodes for a nickel-metal hydride battery[J]. Jless-CommonMET,1991,172-174:1175-184.
[6]李淑英.微孔阳极氧化铝膜的及膜的耐蚀性研究.表面技术,2000,29(4)：2-29.
[7]旷压非,王铃等.阳极氧化多孔膜层的界面电性能研究.电化学,1998,4(2)：16
[8]曹楚南,腐蚀电化学.北京：化学工业出版社,1994.
[9]Florian Mansfeld, etc,1993, Analysis of EIS Data for Common Corrosion Processes Electrochemical Impedance, pp,37-53.
[10]李言涛.热喷涂锌铝覆盖层防腐蚀和防护技术,海洋出版社,1998.
[11]Schikorr. G, Werk. Korr.1963,14.
[12]姜秀民,刘辉等.超细化煤粉燃烧硫释放的特性,2002,23(2)126-125.
[13]M. H. Roy. Environ. Sc. Technol,1983:17(3),169-174.
[14]阎洪,金属表面处理新技术[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1996.
[15]Jordan E H, Gell M. Bood strength and stress measurements in thermal barrier coatings[C]. New Yord American Society. If Mechanical Engineers,1997, ASME paper 97-GT-363.
[16]周海晖,许岩等.我国防腐蚀涂料的现状及其发展,表面技术,2002 1,5-8.
[17]Gong X Y, Clarke D R. On the Measurement of Strain in Coatings Formed on a Wrinkled Elastic Substrate[J]. Oxidation of Metals,1998,50(5-6):355.
[18]陈思龙等.酸性降水对金属材料大气腐蚀速率影响的研究,大气环境和酸雨.1986.(4)：39.
[19]陈思龙,尹华川等.成渝大气酸沉降对材料腐蚀危害的研究,成渝环境科学,1991,13(5)46-50.
[20]高琳萍.油罐底部边缘板的腐蚀与防护,石油工程建设,1999.(4)：21-23.
[21]孙成等.地下管道腐蚀与防护数据库及预测系统.全面腐蚀控制[J].2010,9
[22]张涛等.声发射技术在罐底腐蚀检测中的应用与研究.传感技术学报[J].2010,7
[23]王伟魁等.基于相关分析的声发射储罐罐底检测降噪方法.振动与冲击[J].2010,8
[24]马杰等.基于功率谱估计的管道腐蚀超声波内检测数据压缩研究.科技通报[J].2010,5
[25]林远龙等.储罐底板腐蚀状况检测与安全评估.石油和化工设备[J].2010,7
[26]彭春波等.石油天然气长输管道腐蚀检测修复及防范探讨.长江大学学报(自然科学版)[J].2010,2
[27]钱红武等.埋地输油管道检测维修与评估的探讨.化工设备与管道[J].2009,6
[28]李光福等.埋地重要管线的腐蚀与防护.腐蚀与防护[J].2009,9
[29]朱娜等.漏磁检测技术在天然气管线缺陷检测中的应用[J].2008,5
[30]张述杰等.埋地管线干扰腐蚀自动监测与评估系统.仪表技术与传感器[J].2007,5
[31]石仁委.埋地管道壁厚的瞬变电磁检测技术研究.石油化工腐蚀与防护[J].2007,2
[2]Bedrlch Moldna et al. Chemical Composition Atmospheric precipitation. 1998.22(9):1901.
[3]周百兴,徐渝.成渝的酸雨问题及其对策.成渝环境科学,1996,18(2)：1-4.
[4]D. L. Sisterson et al. Deposition Monitoring Methods And Results. SOS/P Report(6). NAPAP.
[5]Sakai T, Hazama T, Miyamura H, et al. rare-based alloy electrodes for a nickel-metal hydride battery[J]. Jless-CommonMET,1991,172-174:1175-184.
[6]李淑英.微孔阳极氧化铝膜的及膜的耐蚀性研究.表面技术,2000,29(4)：2-29.
[7]旷压非,王铃等.阳极氧化多孔膜层的界面电性能研究.电化学,1998,4(2)：16
[8]曹楚南,腐蚀电化学.北京：化学工业出版社,1994.
[9]Florian Mansfeld, etc,1993, Analysis of EIS Data for Common Corrosion Processes Electrochemical Impedance, pp,37-53.
[10]李言涛.热喷涂锌铝覆盖层防腐蚀和防护技术,海洋出版社,1998.
[11]Schikorr. G, Werk. Korr.1963,14.
[12]姜秀民,刘辉等.超细化煤粉燃烧硫释放的特性,2002,23(2)126-125.
[13]M. H. Roy. Environ. Sc. Technol,1983:17(3),169-174.
[14]阎洪,金属表面处理新技术[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1996.
[15]Jordan E H, Gell M. Bood strength and stress measurements in thermal barrier coatings[C]. New Yord American Society. If Mechanical Engineers,1997, ASME paper 97-GT-363.
[16]周海晖,许岩等.我国防腐蚀涂料的现状及其发展,表面技术,2002 1,5-8.
[17]Gong X Y, Clarke D R. On the Measurement of Strain in Coatings Formed on a Wrinkled Elastic Substrate[J]. Oxidation of Metals,1998,50(5-6):355.
[18]陈思龙等.酸性降水对金属材料大气腐蚀速率影响的研究,大气环境和酸雨.1986.(4)：39.
[19]陈思龙,尹华川等.成渝大气酸沉降对材料腐蚀危害的研究,成渝环境科学,1991,13(5)46-50.
[20]高琳萍.油罐底部边缘板的腐蚀与防护,石油工程建设,1999.(4)：21-23.
[21]孙成等.地下管道腐蚀与防护数据库及预测系统.全面腐蚀控制[J].2010,9
[22]张涛等.声发射技术在罐底腐蚀检测中的应用与研究.传感技术学报[J].2010,7
[23]王伟魁等.基于相关分析的声发射储罐罐底检测降噪方法.振动与冲击[J].2010,8
[24]马杰等.基于功率谱估计的管道腐蚀超声波内检测数据压缩研究.科技通报[J].2010,5
[25]林远龙等.储罐底板腐蚀状况检测与安全评估.石油和化工设备[J].2010,7
[26]彭春波等.石油天然气长输管道腐蚀检测修复及防范探讨.长江大学学报(自然科学版)[J].2010,2
[27]钱红武等.埋地输油管道检测维修与评估的探讨.化工设备与管道[J].2009,6
[28]李光福等.埋地重要管线的腐蚀与防护.腐蚀与防护[J].2009,9
[29]朱娜等.漏磁检测技术在天然气管线缺陷检测中的应用[J].2008,5
[30]张述杰等.埋地管线干扰腐蚀自动监测与评估系统.仪表技术与传感器[J].2007,5
[31]石仁委.埋地管道壁厚的瞬变电磁检测技术研究.石油化工腐蚀与防护[J].2007,2