基于Zigbee的多信道无线传感器网络的研究与实现
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摘要
IEEE802.15.4/Zigbee是一种短距离、低传输速率、低功耗的无线标准,近年来已经被广泛地应用于无线传感器网络中。在该协议的MAC层中,规定每个PAN(Personal Area Network个人区域网络)内所有节点均工作在一个单一的信道上,而该协议的PHY层以及多种Zigbee芯片在2.4GHz频段内都可以支持多达16个信道。因此,本文提出了一种基于Zigbee的多信道无线传感器网络方案,在该方案中传感器节点采用分簇的结构,每个簇都工作在一个与相邻簇不同的信道上。
本文首先在网络拓扑结构、同步时序设计、信道分配算法、数据传送机制等方面提出了自己的方案。然后通过仿真分析了该多信道方案中部分机制的可行性及工作性能,发现了信道分配算法的潜在问题并提出了解决办法,从CSMA-CA和轮询机制中选择了后者作为数据传送机制。最后,设计并搭建了一个Zigbee硬件平台实现了这种分层分簇的多信道无线传感器方案,并对该平台进行了多方面的硬件和软件测试,该系统各模块工作正常,实现了预期的功能。
IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee, a wireless standard which is short distance, low data rate and low power consumption, has been widely used in wireless sensor networks in the last several years. But its MAC protocol is only designed for single-channel PAN(Personal Area Network), while its PHY protocol and many Zigbee transceivers all allows for up to 16 channels in the frequency band of 2.4GHz . So in this paper, we propose a Zigbee based multi-channel WSN (wireless sensor networks) solution, in which the sensor nodes are partitioned into clusters and each cluster is assigned a channel that different from its neighbor clusters.
First, in this paper, we design some mechanisms such as network topology, synchronization, channel assignment and data transmission. Then, we evaluate the performance of some of these mechanisms through simulation. The result shows that sometimes there can be unsuccessful when assigning channels, so we propose a solution to solve the problem. Besides, after comparing CSMA-CA and polling mechanism by simulation, we choose the latter as the data transmission mechanism. Finally, we implement a Zigbee hardware platform based on this strategy, which presents a real design of multi-channel WSN that discussed above. After a series of hardware and software testing, it is demonstrated that each module of the system works well as expected.
本文首先在网络拓扑结构、同步时序设计、信道分配算法、数据传送机制等方面提出了自己的方案。然后通过仿真分析了该多信道方案中部分机制的可行性及工作性能,发现了信道分配算法的潜在问题并提出了解决办法,从CSMA-CA和轮询机制中选择了后者作为数据传送机制。最后,设计并搭建了一个Zigbee硬件平台实现了这种分层分簇的多信道无线传感器方案,并对该平台进行了多方面的硬件和软件测试,该系统各模块工作正常,实现了预期的功能。
IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee, a wireless standard which is short distance, low data rate and low power consumption, has been widely used in wireless sensor networks in the last several years. But its MAC protocol is only designed for single-channel PAN(Personal Area Network), while its PHY protocol and many Zigbee transceivers all allows for up to 16 channels in the frequency band of 2.4GHz . So in this paper, we propose a Zigbee based multi-channel WSN (wireless sensor networks) solution, in which the sensor nodes are partitioned into clusters and each cluster is assigned a channel that different from its neighbor clusters.
First, in this paper, we design some mechanisms such as network topology, synchronization, channel assignment and data transmission. Then, we evaluate the performance of some of these mechanisms through simulation. The result shows that sometimes there can be unsuccessful when assigning channels, so we propose a solution to solve the problem. Besides, after comparing CSMA-CA and polling mechanism by simulation, we choose the latter as the data transmission mechanism. Finally, we implement a Zigbee hardware platform based on this strategy, which presents a real design of multi-channel WSN that discussed above. After a series of hardware and software testing, it is demonstrated that each module of the system works well as expected.
引文
[1].林山霖. 群蜂起舞 – Zigbee 技术发展现况. http://mic.iii.org.tw,2004 年 8 月
[2].蒋华. 孙强. 近距离无线通信技术标准解析. 信息技术与标准化,2006 年第5 期
[3].孙利民. 李建中. 陈渝. 朱红松. 无线传感器网络. 清华大学出版社,2005年
[4].IEEE Std 802.15.4, 2003
[5].常若愚. IEEE802.15.4 低速率无线个人区域网路之 CSMA/CA 碰撞效能分析与研究. 台湾逢甲大学硕士论文,2004 年
[6].Zigbee Alliance. Zigbee Specification. 2006 年 12 月
[7].李文仲. 段朝玉. Zigbee 无线网络技术入门与实践. 北京航空航天大学出版社,2007 年
[8]. Kaushik R. Chowdhury, Nagesh Nandiraju, Dave Cavalcanti, and Dharma P. Agrawal, “CMAC – A Multi-Channel Energy Efficient MAC for Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Communications Society, 2006
[9]. Carine TOHAM, Francois JAN, “Multi-interfaces and Multi-channels Multi-hop Ad hoc Networks: Overview and Challenges”, IEEE, 2006
[10]. Peng-Jung Wu, Chung-Nan Lee, “On-Demand Connection-Oriented Multi-Channel MAC Protocol for Ad-Hoc Network”, IEEE, 2006
[11]. Hieu Khac Le, Dan Tarek, Abdeizaher Henriksson, “A Control Theory Approach to Throughput Optimization in Multi-Channel Collection Sensor Networks”, IPSN'07, April 25-27, 2007, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
[12]. Mohamed Younis, Samuel Bushra, “Efficient Distributed Medium Access Arbitration for Multi-Channel Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Communications Society, 2007
[13]. Chen xun, Han peng, He qiu-sheng, Tu shi-liang, Chen zhang-long, “A Multi-Channel MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks”, The Sixth IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology(CIT’06), 2006
[14]. Gang Zhou, Chengdu Huang, TingYan, TianHe, John A. Stankovic, Tarek F. Abdelzaher, “MMSN: Multi-Frequency Media Access Control for Wireless Sensor Networks”, Proceedings of the IEEE Infocom, Barcelona, Spain, 2006
[15]. 金保生. 无线传感器网络多信道 MAC 协议的研究与实现. 南京理工大学硕士论文,2007 年
[16]. LM35 系列精密摄氏温度传感器 Datasheet
[2].蒋华. 孙强. 近距离无线通信技术标准解析. 信息技术与标准化,2006 年第5 期
[3].孙利民. 李建中. 陈渝. 朱红松. 无线传感器网络. 清华大学出版社,2005年
[4].IEEE Std 802.15.4, 2003
[5].常若愚. IEEE802.15.4 低速率无线个人区域网路之 CSMA/CA 碰撞效能分析与研究. 台湾逢甲大学硕士论文,2004 年
[6].Zigbee Alliance. Zigbee Specification. 2006 年 12 月
[7].李文仲. 段朝玉. Zigbee 无线网络技术入门与实践. 北京航空航天大学出版社,2007 年
[8]. Kaushik R. Chowdhury, Nagesh Nandiraju, Dave Cavalcanti, and Dharma P. Agrawal, “CMAC – A Multi-Channel Energy Efficient MAC for Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Communications Society, 2006
[9]. Carine TOHAM, Francois JAN, “Multi-interfaces and Multi-channels Multi-hop Ad hoc Networks: Overview and Challenges”, IEEE, 2006
[10]. Peng-Jung Wu, Chung-Nan Lee, “On-Demand Connection-Oriented Multi-Channel MAC Protocol for Ad-Hoc Network”, IEEE, 2006
[11]. Hieu Khac Le, Dan Tarek, Abdeizaher Henriksson, “A Control Theory Approach to Throughput Optimization in Multi-Channel Collection Sensor Networks”, IPSN'07, April 25-27, 2007, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
[12]. Mohamed Younis, Samuel Bushra, “Efficient Distributed Medium Access Arbitration for Multi-Channel Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Communications Society, 2007
[13]. Chen xun, Han peng, He qiu-sheng, Tu shi-liang, Chen zhang-long, “A Multi-Channel MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks”, The Sixth IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology(CIT’06), 2006
[14]. Gang Zhou, Chengdu Huang, TingYan, TianHe, John A. Stankovic, Tarek F. Abdelzaher, “MMSN: Multi-Frequency Media Access Control for Wireless Sensor Networks”, Proceedings of the IEEE Infocom, Barcelona, Spain, 2006
[15]. 金保生. 无线传感器网络多信道 MAC 协议的研究与实现. 南京理工大学硕士论文,2007 年
[16]. LM35 系列精密摄氏温度传感器 Datasheet