芹菜（Apium graveolens L.）种子超干贮藏的生理生化特性研究
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摘要
本试验选用三个芹菜品种(环球西芹、加州西芹、香毛芹菜)的种子为材料,进行超干贮藏的研究,结果表明超干贮藏的芹菜种子能保持较高活力水平,适合超干贮藏,从而从生理生化角度探究芹菜种子耐干机理。
1.在室温条件下对种子脱水速率的比较研究表明:芹菜种子脱水速率与硅胶的比例有关。当种子与硅胶比例为1∶10时,芹菜种子脱水速率最佳;三个品种的芹菜种子脱水速率差异不显著,含水量均可在很短时间内降至5%以下。
2.研究芹菜种子超干及老化后的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数:超干过程中三个品种的芹菜种子活力及生活力变化不大。老化后,三个品种超干种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数与未超干的种子相比差异显著,以MC=2.5%的超干种子活力最强。继续干燥即MC=2.0%的种子发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数有所降低。这些结果表明:超干保存有利于芹菜种子活力的保持,芹菜种子活力得到很好的保持,超干贮藏能显著提高芹菜种子的抗老化能力,延长种子寿命,利于种质保存。
3.研究芹菜种子干燥过程中可溶性糖、热稳定蛋白、电导率、MDA及抗氧化酶系统的动态变化。结果表明:①在种子脱水过程中,可溶性糖含量在干燥过程中有所上升趋势,在含水量降至2.5%以前,变化不明显,MC=2.0%时,可溶性糖含量明显上升。②整个脱水过程中,热稳定蛋白条数没有发生变化,但含量处于上升趋势,以MC=2.5%的超干种子含量最高。③超干处理不会引起芹菜种子电导率显著上升,表明超干处理可以很好的保持种子膜透性。④随着种子含水量的下降,种子内MDA有所积累,但MDA积累量较少。⑤超干过程中芹菜种子脱氢酶活性呈下降趋势,在MC=2.5%以上时,变化不明显。⑥POD、SOD、CAT活性下降不明显,说明超干过程不会削弱抗氧化酶系统,抗氧化酶系统保持较好。⑦主成分分析表明:上述指标都是影响芹菜种子生活力的主要因子。
4.研究芹菜种子人工老化后可溶性糖、热稳定蛋白、电导率、MDA、抗氧化酶系统的变化。①种子老化后可溶性糖含量与老化前相比都有所增加,含水量降至2.5%以上时,芹菜种子的可溶性糖含量呈缓慢下降趋势,当MC=2.0%时,芹菜种子可溶性糖含量有所增加。⑦人工老化后,超干的种子与未超干的相比热稳定蛋白增加,以MC=2.5%的超干种子热稳定蛋白含量最高。③随着种子含水量的下降,种子电导率呈下降趋势,超干处理的种子与未超干的种子相比,电导率明显下降。④人工老化后,未经超干处理的种子MDA积累最多,脂质过氧化作用最强,超干的种子与未超干的种子相比明显减少,以MC=2.5%的超干种子MDA含量最少。⑤人工老化后,芹菜种子脱氢酶活性显著增加,在MC=2.0%时,脱氢酶活性有所下降,但仍高于未超干种子。⑥人工老化后,超干芹菜种子抗氧化酶系统保持得比未超干种子好。⑦在室温条件下,芹菜种子超干贮藏的最适含水量为2.5%。
5.芹菜种子老化后通过对三个品种的同工酶谱带的研究表明:随着含水量的降低,芹菜种子过氧化物同工酶谱带数条增多,颜色加深。酯酶同工酶谱带与过氧化物同工酶谱带变化相同,表明超干贮藏可以提高种子活力。
Ultradrying storages of three kinds of celery seeds were studied.The results showed that these seeds could retain higher vigor and adapted to ultradrying storage,then we discussed the ultradry-tolerance mechanism of celery seeds from Physiological and Biochemical aspects.
1.The results of comparating with dehydration rate on three kinds of celery seeds at room temperature showed that:The dehydration rate of celery seeds was related to the proportion.between Silica and seeds.dehydration rate of celery seeds are the best of all when the Proportion between seeds and Silica was one to four.Dehydration rate of three kinds of celery seeds was not significant, their Moisture content can reduce to below 5%.
2.The germination percent,germination index and vigor index of celery seeds were studied during the process of ultradrying and aging.The results indicated that:germination percent, germination index and vigor index of celery seeds had no significant changes during ultradrying,the germination percent,germination index and vigor index of ultradried celery seeds were significant diferent from unultradried after being aged,and especially all indexes of ultradried celery seeds(MC=2.5%)were improved most,while the germination percent,germination index vigor and index of the seeds(MC=2.0%)were lower than that of the seeds(MC=2.5%)These results showed that ultradrying storage could improve the capacity of anti-aging and prolong the longevity of celery seeds,and contribute to preserve germplasm.
3.Solubie sugar,heat-stable proteins,electric conductivity,MDA and anti-oxidation enzyme system were studied while celery seeds being dried.①Solubie sugar content rised during dehydrating. Before MC=2.5%,solubie sugar content had no significant changes,but soluble sugar content rised significantly when MC=2.0%.②Number of heat-stable proteins had no change,and heat-stable proteins content showed ascending trend during dehydrating,and the content of moderate dried seeds(MC=2.5%)was higher.③Electric conductivity content had no significant change during dehydrating.The results showed that ultradry treatment could retain endosmosis of celery seeds.④With the decreasing of seeds moisture content,the MDA content of seeds accumulated,but the content of accumulation was less.⑤Dehydrogenase of celery seeds were reduced while celery seeds being dried.Before MC=2.5%,Dehydrogenase of celery seeds trend had no significant changes.⑥POD,SOD and CAT vigor decreased non-significantly while celery seeds being dried.These results showed the anti-oxidation enzyme system were not weakened and kept well.⑦The result of Principal Component Analysis indicated that:Those Physiological and Biochemical guideline were the primary factors that affect the viability of celery seeds.
4.Soluble sugar,heat-stable proteins,electric conductivity,MDA and anti-oxidation enzyme system were studied after celery seeds being aged.①Solubie sugar content of celery seeds rised being aged compared before being aged.Before MC=2.5%,solubie sugar content of seeds descend slow,solubie sugar content of seeds(MC=2.0%)was increased.②After being aged,the ultradried seeds had higer heat-stable proteins content than the unultradried ones,the content of moderate dried seeds(MC=2.5%)was higher.③Electric conductivity content hand significant reduce trend after being aged.④After being aged,MDA of unultradried seeds accumulated most,the superoxidation of the membrane lipids strongest,and MDA of moderate dried seeds(MC=2.5%)reduced significantly compared with unultradried seeds.⑤After being aged,Dehydrogenase of celery seeds had significant increse trend.Dehydrogenase of celery seeds(MC=2.0%)were reduce,but those activity were higher than celery seeds that unultradry treatment.⑥After being aged,anti-oxidation enzyme system of ultradried celery seeds retained better than that of unultradried ones.⑦IN the condition of room temperature,The moderate MC of celery seeds was 2.5%.
5.The results of comparating with isozyme after celery seeds being aged on three kinds of celery seeds showed that:With the decreasing of seeds moisture content,The band number of Peroxidase isozymein celery seeds increase.The change of Esterase isozyme had the same trend with Peroxidase isozymein,those studies showed that it could improve activity of celery seeds by Ultradrying storages.
1.在室温条件下对种子脱水速率的比较研究表明:芹菜种子脱水速率与硅胶的比例有关。当种子与硅胶比例为1∶10时,芹菜种子脱水速率最佳;三个品种的芹菜种子脱水速率差异不显著,含水量均可在很短时间内降至5%以下。
2.研究芹菜种子超干及老化后的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数:超干过程中三个品种的芹菜种子活力及生活力变化不大。老化后,三个品种超干种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数与未超干的种子相比差异显著,以MC=2.5%的超干种子活力最强。继续干燥即MC=2.0%的种子发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数有所降低。这些结果表明:超干保存有利于芹菜种子活力的保持,芹菜种子活力得到很好的保持,超干贮藏能显著提高芹菜种子的抗老化能力,延长种子寿命,利于种质保存。
3.研究芹菜种子干燥过程中可溶性糖、热稳定蛋白、电导率、MDA及抗氧化酶系统的动态变化。结果表明:①在种子脱水过程中,可溶性糖含量在干燥过程中有所上升趋势,在含水量降至2.5%以前,变化不明显,MC=2.0%时,可溶性糖含量明显上升。②整个脱水过程中,热稳定蛋白条数没有发生变化,但含量处于上升趋势,以MC=2.5%的超干种子含量最高。③超干处理不会引起芹菜种子电导率显著上升,表明超干处理可以很好的保持种子膜透性。④随着种子含水量的下降,种子内MDA有所积累,但MDA积累量较少。⑤超干过程中芹菜种子脱氢酶活性呈下降趋势,在MC=2.5%以上时,变化不明显。⑥POD、SOD、CAT活性下降不明显,说明超干过程不会削弱抗氧化酶系统,抗氧化酶系统保持较好。⑦主成分分析表明:上述指标都是影响芹菜种子生活力的主要因子。
4.研究芹菜种子人工老化后可溶性糖、热稳定蛋白、电导率、MDA、抗氧化酶系统的变化。①种子老化后可溶性糖含量与老化前相比都有所增加,含水量降至2.5%以上时,芹菜种子的可溶性糖含量呈缓慢下降趋势,当MC=2.0%时,芹菜种子可溶性糖含量有所增加。⑦人工老化后,超干的种子与未超干的相比热稳定蛋白增加,以MC=2.5%的超干种子热稳定蛋白含量最高。③随着种子含水量的下降,种子电导率呈下降趋势,超干处理的种子与未超干的种子相比,电导率明显下降。④人工老化后,未经超干处理的种子MDA积累最多,脂质过氧化作用最强,超干的种子与未超干的种子相比明显减少,以MC=2.5%的超干种子MDA含量最少。⑤人工老化后,芹菜种子脱氢酶活性显著增加,在MC=2.0%时,脱氢酶活性有所下降,但仍高于未超干种子。⑥人工老化后,超干芹菜种子抗氧化酶系统保持得比未超干种子好。⑦在室温条件下,芹菜种子超干贮藏的最适含水量为2.5%。
5.芹菜种子老化后通过对三个品种的同工酶谱带的研究表明:随着含水量的降低,芹菜种子过氧化物同工酶谱带数条增多,颜色加深。酯酶同工酶谱带与过氧化物同工酶谱带变化相同,表明超干贮藏可以提高种子活力。
Ultradrying storages of three kinds of celery seeds were studied.The results showed that these seeds could retain higher vigor and adapted to ultradrying storage,then we discussed the ultradry-tolerance mechanism of celery seeds from Physiological and Biochemical aspects.
1.The results of comparating with dehydration rate on three kinds of celery seeds at room temperature showed that:The dehydration rate of celery seeds was related to the proportion.between Silica and seeds.dehydration rate of celery seeds are the best of all when the Proportion between seeds and Silica was one to four.Dehydration rate of three kinds of celery seeds was not significant, their Moisture content can reduce to below 5%.
2.The germination percent,germination index and vigor index of celery seeds were studied during the process of ultradrying and aging.The results indicated that:germination percent, germination index and vigor index of celery seeds had no significant changes during ultradrying,the germination percent,germination index and vigor index of ultradried celery seeds were significant diferent from unultradried after being aged,and especially all indexes of ultradried celery seeds(MC=2.5%)were improved most,while the germination percent,germination index vigor and index of the seeds(MC=2.0%)were lower than that of the seeds(MC=2.5%)These results showed that ultradrying storage could improve the capacity of anti-aging and prolong the longevity of celery seeds,and contribute to preserve germplasm.
3.Solubie sugar,heat-stable proteins,electric conductivity,MDA and anti-oxidation enzyme system were studied while celery seeds being dried.①Solubie sugar content rised during dehydrating. Before MC=2.5%,solubie sugar content had no significant changes,but soluble sugar content rised significantly when MC=2.0%.②Number of heat-stable proteins had no change,and heat-stable proteins content showed ascending trend during dehydrating,and the content of moderate dried seeds(MC=2.5%)was higher.③Electric conductivity content had no significant change during dehydrating.The results showed that ultradry treatment could retain endosmosis of celery seeds.④With the decreasing of seeds moisture content,the MDA content of seeds accumulated,but the content of accumulation was less.⑤Dehydrogenase of celery seeds were reduced while celery seeds being dried.Before MC=2.5%,Dehydrogenase of celery seeds trend had no significant changes.⑥POD,SOD and CAT vigor decreased non-significantly while celery seeds being dried.These results showed the anti-oxidation enzyme system were not weakened and kept well.⑦The result of Principal Component Analysis indicated that:Those Physiological and Biochemical guideline were the primary factors that affect the viability of celery seeds.
4.Soluble sugar,heat-stable proteins,electric conductivity,MDA and anti-oxidation enzyme system were studied after celery seeds being aged.①Solubie sugar content of celery seeds rised being aged compared before being aged.Before MC=2.5%,solubie sugar content of seeds descend slow,solubie sugar content of seeds(MC=2.0%)was increased.②After being aged,the ultradried seeds had higer heat-stable proteins content than the unultradried ones,the content of moderate dried seeds(MC=2.5%)was higher.③Electric conductivity content hand significant reduce trend after being aged.④After being aged,MDA of unultradried seeds accumulated most,the superoxidation of the membrane lipids strongest,and MDA of moderate dried seeds(MC=2.5%)reduced significantly compared with unultradried seeds.⑤After being aged,Dehydrogenase of celery seeds had significant increse trend.Dehydrogenase of celery seeds(MC=2.0%)were reduce,but those activity were higher than celery seeds that unultradry treatment.⑥After being aged,anti-oxidation enzyme system of ultradried celery seeds retained better than that of unultradried ones.⑦IN the condition of room temperature,The moderate MC of celery seeds was 2.5%.
5.The results of comparating with isozyme after celery seeds being aged on three kinds of celery seeds showed that:With the decreasing of seeds moisture content,The band number of Peroxidase isozymein celery seeds increase.The change of Esterase isozyme had the same trend with Peroxidase isozymein,those studies showed that it could improve activity of celery seeds by Ultradrying storages.
引文
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