基于SOA非线性的全光逻辑门的理论与实验研究
摘要
全光信号处理技术成为开发高速光通信网络的关键技术，全光逻辑运算作为全光信号处理技术的重要组成部分，对未来的光分组交换、全光信号再生、全光波长变换、光计算等方面具有十分深远的影响。在实现全光逻辑运算的多种设计方案中，基于SOA的非线性特性的全光逻辑运算具有一定的优点，这是由于半导体光放大器(SOA：semiconductor optical amplifier)所具有的高非线性和可以高度集成等特点所决定的。SOA可产生多种非线性效应，如交叉增益调制(XGM)效应，交叉相位调制(XPM)效应和四波混频(FWM)等，可用来设计光子开关器件和实现光逻辑运算功能。
本文从分析SOA的理论模型入手，对SOA的各种非线性特性进行了理论分析和实验研究，并对SOA非线性在全光逻辑运算中的应用进行了理论和实验研究，取得一定的结果：
(1)、在广泛查阅文献资料的基础上，对半导体光放大器的XGM(交叉增益调制)、XPM(交叉相位调制)、FWM(四波混频)及NPR(交叉偏振旋转)几种非线性效应及其应用进行了较为深入的研究。
(2)、提出了SOA的分段模型理论，并基于这一理论模型，从SOA的载流子速率方程和光波的传输方程出发，用数值方法模拟了SOA的非线性增益饱和特性，并对计算结果进行了分析比较，计算结果与实验相吻合。
(3)、在理论分析的基础上，当有单束连续光、单个脉冲光、脉冲序列以及两束信号光同时入射SOA时，对光与SOA的相互作用、SOA的非线性变化、光信号的输出结果进行了数值模拟和理论分析。
(4)、在理论分析的基础上，结合本课题组的实际情况，设计了基于SOA的交叉增益效应的全光逻辑运算方案，并进行了数值模拟和理论分析。
(5)、提出了基于一种结构实现逻辑非门、与门和或非门的研究方案并进行了数值模拟；该方案结构简单、容易实现、工作波长范围宽等优点。
(6)、搭建了实验光路，对SOA的增益特性、发光特性和XGM特性进行了实验研究，并对基于SOA-XGM效应的全光逻辑NOR门并进行了实验研究；设计了一种基于SOA-XPM的实验方案，本实验方案具有结构简单，易于集成，且不受SOA增益恢复时间的限制，可以提高运行速率等优点。
All-optical signal processing is the key technology for developing high-speed optical communication networks. All-optical logic operation as an important component of all-optical signal processing technology have far-reaching influence on optical packet switching, all-optical signal regeneration, all-optical wavelength conversion, optical computing and so on. Among many designs for realizing all-optical logic operation, the all-optical logic operation based on nonlinear characteristics of SOA is the most promising one, this is determined by the characteristics of the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA: semiconductor optical amplifier)which include highly nonlinearity and integration. SOA can produce a variety of nonlinear effects, such as Cross-Gain Modulation (XGM), Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM) effect and Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) and so on. This can be used to design photonic switching device and realize optical logic operate functions.
Based on the analysis of the theoretical model of SOA, A detailed theoretical analysis and experimental research on the nonlinear characteristics of SOA is given in this paper, and on its applications in all-optical logic operation, certain results are achieved, specific details are as follows:
(1) Based on widely reference of literatures, a detailed theory research of several nonlinear effects and applications of semiconductor optical amplifiers(SOA) such as XGM, XPM (Cross-Phase Modulation), FWM (Four-Wave Mixing) and NPR (Cross polarize Rotation) is given.
(2) A SOA section model is demonstrated, based on this model, and by using the carrier rate equation and optical wave propagating equation, the nonlinear gain saturation characteristics of the SOA are simulated in numerical, and the results are analyzed which coincide with the experimental results.
(3) Based on theoretical analysis, when a single continuous-beam, single-pulse, pulse sequence and two signal beam incidence of SOA at the same time, the numerical simulation and theoretic analysis are taken for the light interaction with the SOA, nonlinear changes of SOA and the output of optical signal.
(4) On the basis of theoretical analysis, and according to the actual situation of the group, an all-optical logic operation which based on cross-gain effects of SOA is designed, the numerical simulation and theoretical analysis is also demonstrated.
(5) A new operation plan is proposed in which the logic NOT, AND and NOR gate can be achieved at the same configuration. Numerical simulation is given too. This plan has the virtue of simple structure, easy achieve and large range of work wavelength etc.
(6) The experimental optical structure is constructed. The experimental research of SOA gain characteristic, characteristics of the light give out from SOA and SOA-XGM effect is taken. A logic NOR gate based on SOA-XGM is studied experimentally; A operation plan based on SOA-XPM is proposed which has the characteristic of simple structure, easy integration ,even no limitation by the SOAs gain recovery time and operation rate improvement.
本文从分析SOA的理论模型入手，对SOA的各种非线性特性进行了理论分析和实验研究，并对SOA非线性在全光逻辑运算中的应用进行了理论和实验研究，取得一定的结果：
(1)、在广泛查阅文献资料的基础上，对半导体光放大器的XGM(交叉增益调制)、XPM(交叉相位调制)、FWM(四波混频)及NPR(交叉偏振旋转)几种非线性效应及其应用进行了较为深入的研究。
(2)、提出了SOA的分段模型理论，并基于这一理论模型，从SOA的载流子速率方程和光波的传输方程出发，用数值方法模拟了SOA的非线性增益饱和特性，并对计算结果进行了分析比较，计算结果与实验相吻合。
(3)、在理论分析的基础上，当有单束连续光、单个脉冲光、脉冲序列以及两束信号光同时入射SOA时，对光与SOA的相互作用、SOA的非线性变化、光信号的输出结果进行了数值模拟和理论分析。
(4)、在理论分析的基础上，结合本课题组的实际情况，设计了基于SOA的交叉增益效应的全光逻辑运算方案，并进行了数值模拟和理论分析。
(5)、提出了基于一种结构实现逻辑非门、与门和或非门的研究方案并进行了数值模拟；该方案结构简单、容易实现、工作波长范围宽等优点。
(6)、搭建了实验光路，对SOA的增益特性、发光特性和XGM特性进行了实验研究，并对基于SOA-XGM效应的全光逻辑NOR门并进行了实验研究；设计了一种基于SOA-XPM的实验方案，本实验方案具有结构简单，易于集成，且不受SOA增益恢复时间的限制，可以提高运行速率等优点。
All-optical signal processing is the key technology for developing high-speed optical communication networks. All-optical logic operation as an important component of all-optical signal processing technology have far-reaching influence on optical packet switching, all-optical signal regeneration, all-optical wavelength conversion, optical computing and so on. Among many designs for realizing all-optical logic operation, the all-optical logic operation based on nonlinear characteristics of SOA is the most promising one, this is determined by the characteristics of the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA: semiconductor optical amplifier)which include highly nonlinearity and integration. SOA can produce a variety of nonlinear effects, such as Cross-Gain Modulation (XGM), Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM) effect and Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) and so on. This can be used to design photonic switching device and realize optical logic operate functions.
Based on the analysis of the theoretical model of SOA, A detailed theoretical analysis and experimental research on the nonlinear characteristics of SOA is given in this paper, and on its applications in all-optical logic operation, certain results are achieved, specific details are as follows:
(1) Based on widely reference of literatures, a detailed theory research of several nonlinear effects and applications of semiconductor optical amplifiers(SOA) such as XGM, XPM (Cross-Phase Modulation), FWM (Four-Wave Mixing) and NPR (Cross polarize Rotation) is given.
(2) A SOA section model is demonstrated, based on this model, and by using the carrier rate equation and optical wave propagating equation, the nonlinear gain saturation characteristics of the SOA are simulated in numerical, and the results are analyzed which coincide with the experimental results.
(3) Based on theoretical analysis, when a single continuous-beam, single-pulse, pulse sequence and two signal beam incidence of SOA at the same time, the numerical simulation and theoretic analysis are taken for the light interaction with the SOA, nonlinear changes of SOA and the output of optical signal.
(4) On the basis of theoretical analysis, and according to the actual situation of the group, an all-optical logic operation which based on cross-gain effects of SOA is designed, the numerical simulation and theoretical analysis is also demonstrated.
(5) A new operation plan is proposed in which the logic NOT, AND and NOR gate can be achieved at the same configuration. Numerical simulation is given too. This plan has the virtue of simple structure, easy achieve and large range of work wavelength etc.
(6) The experimental optical structure is constructed. The experimental research of SOA gain characteristic, characteristics of the light give out from SOA and SOA-XGM effect is taken. A logic NOR gate based on SOA-XGM is studied experimentally; A operation plan based on SOA-XPM is proposed which has the characteristic of simple structure, easy integration ,even no limitation by the SOAs gain recovery time and operation rate improvement.
引文
[1] 王勇，殷洪玺，张振荣．未来光因特网中的光交换方式及其发展趋势[J]．电信科学，2001，9：17～20
[2] Kristian, E.Stubkjaer. Semiconductor Optical Amplifier-Based All-Optical Gates for High-Speed Optical Processing[J]. IEEE Journal on selected topics in quantum electronics,2000, 6(6): 1428-1435
[3] Mikkelsen. B. Optical amplifiers and their system application[D]. Lyngby: Dept. of Electromagnetic System, Technical University of Denmark, 1994.
[4] 陈兴忠，姚敏玉，高以智．超快非线性干涉仪及其在高速全光信号处理中的应用[J]．光电子·激光，1999，10(5)：388～390
[5] 肖学智，伍浩成．非线性光环镜及其在信息技术领域中的应用[J]．光通信技术，2000，24(3)：202～207
[6] Poustie, Blow. A.J. K.J Demonstration of an all-optical Fredkin gate[J]. Optics Cornmunications,2000, 174: 317～320
[7] Alistair Poustie, R.J.M发anning and A.E.Kelly. All-optical binary counter[J]. Optics Express,2000, 6(3):69～74
[8] I.Glesk, R.J.Runser, P.R.Prucnal. New generation of devices for all optical communications[J]. Acta Physica slovaca, 2001, 51 (2): 151～162
[9] M. Eiselt, W. Pieper, H. G. Weber. SLALOM: semiconductor laser amplifier in a loopmirror. [J]. Lightwave Technology, 1995, 13(10): 2099～2111
[10] K. J. Blow, R.J.Manning, A.J.Poustie. Model of longitudinal effects in semiconductor optical amplifiers in a nonlinear loop mirror configuration[J]. Optics Communications, 1998, 148: 31～35
[11] DAO. Davies, AD. Ellis, G. Sherlock. Regenerative 20Gbit/s wavelength conversion and demultiplexing using a semiconductor laser amplifier nonlinear loop mirror[J]. Electronics Letters, 1995, 31(12):1000～1001
[12] G. Jacobsen, K. Bertilsson, and Z.Xiaopin, WDM transmission system performance: influence of non-Gaussian detected ASE noise and periodic DEMUX characteristic[J], Journal of Lightwave technology, vol. 16, No. 10, 1998, pp 1804-1811
[13] Lun Xiujun, Huang Yongqing, Ren Xiaomin, Device Design and Characteristics for SOA-based All Optical Signal 2R Regeneration Semiconductor[J]. Photonics and Technology ,Vol.9,No.2 pp66-70, 2003.
[14] Wolf son. Detailed theoretical investigation and comparison of the cascaded ability of conventional and gain-clamped SOA gates in multi-wavelength optical networks[J], IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., 1999, 11, (11), pp. 1494-1496
[15] K. Obermann. All-optical Wavelength Conversion Based on Cross-gain Modulation and Four-wave Mixing in Semiconductor optical Amplifiers[C]. Berlin: Technische Universital, 1999
[16] Junqiang Sun. Relaxation of facet reflection restrictions in XGM wavelength converters[J].Optics Communication, 2002, 206(1-3): 67～75
[17] Jinwei Wang, Henning Olesen, and Kristian E.Stubkjaer, Recombination, gain and bandwidth characteristics of 1.3-um semiconductor laser amplifiers[J]. Journal of light wave technology, vol.LT-5, No. 1, 2000, pp184-189
[18] 陈兴忠，姚敏玉，高以智．超快非线性干涉仪及其在高速全光信号处理中的应用[J]．光电子·激光，1999，10(5)：388～390
[19] C.Bintjas, M.Kalyvas, G.Theophilopoulos. 20Gb/s all-optical XOR with UNI gate[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2000, 12(7):834～836
[20] Bengt-Erik Olsson, All Optical Switching with the Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror[R], School of electrical and computer engineering, Chalniers University of technology, Goteborg, Sweden, Technical Report No. 330, 1998
[21] K.J. Blow, R. J. Manning, A. J. Poustie. Model of longitudinal effects in semiconductor optical amplifiers in a nonlinear loop mirror configuration[J]. Optics Communications, 1998, 148:31～35
[22] D.A.O. Davies, A. D. Ellis, G. Sherlock. Regenerative 20Gbit/s wavelength conversion and demultiplexing using a semiconductor laser amplifier nonlinear loop mirror[J]. Electronics Letters, 1995, 31(12):1000～1001
[23] 刘贤炳，叶培大．非线性元件的偏移量对TOAD开关窗口的影响[J]．光通信技术，1999，23(4)：310～314
[24] D.Wolf son, S.L. Danielson, C.Jorgensen, B.Michelson, and K.E.Stubkjaer, Detailed theoretical investigation of the input power dynamic range for gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifier gates at 10Gbit/s. [J] IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., 1998, 10, (9), pp. 1241-1243
[25] Kim, J.H. All-optical AND gate using cross-gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifiers[J]. Jap. J. Apple Phys., 2004, 43, pp. 608-610
[26] A. Jamie, A. Shataiha, M. Guegan. All-optical logic NOR gate using two-cascaded semiconductor optical amplifiers [J]. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 2002,14 (10):1439～1441
[27] Ali Hamie, Ammar Sharaiha, Mikael Guegan. All-optical logic XOR gate using two-cascaded semiconductor optical amplifiers[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2002, 14(10): 1439～1441
[28] J. Kim and S. L. Chuang, Theoretical and experimental study of optical gain, refractive index change, and line-width enhancement factor of p-doped quantum-dot lasers. [J] IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 942-952, Sep. 2006.
[29] T. Fjelde, D. Wolfson, A. Kloch. Demonstration of 20Gbit/s all-optical logic XOR in integrated SOA-based interferometer wavelength converter[J]. Electronics Letters, 2000,36(22):1863～1864
[30] A.J. Poustie, K. J. Blow. Demonstration of an all-optical Fred-kin gate[J]. Optics Communications, 2000, 174:317～320
[31] Alistair Poustie, R. J. Manning and A. E. Kelly. All-optical binary counter[J]. Optics Express, 2000, 6(3):69～74
[32] I. Glesk, R. J. Runser, P. R. Prucnal. New generation of devices for all optical communications[J]. Acta Physical slovaca, 2001, 51 (2): 151～162
[33] 张新亮．半导体光放大器用作全光波长转换器的研究：[D]．武汉：华中科技大学光电子工程系，2000
[34] Hanxing Shi. Performance analysis on semiconductor laser amplifier loop mirrors[J]. Journal of Light wave Technology, 2002, 20(4):682～688
[35] C. Bintjas, M. Kalyvas, G. Theophilopoulos. 20Gb/s all-optical XOR with UNI gate[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2000, 12(7):834～836
[36] Suncho Kim. All Optical Logic XNOR Based on Mach-Zehnder Interferometer[J]. OECC1 IOOC 2001, July 2001, 51 (2):51～62
[37] B. Mikkelsen. Optical amplifiers and their system application: [D]. Lyngby: Dept. of Electromagnetic System, Technical University of Denmark, 1994.30(7):65～69
[38] 洪伟，黄德修．半导体光放大器静态增益饱和特性的理论研究[J]．华中科技大学学报，2002，30(9)：67～69
[39] Jae Hun Kim, Young Min Jhon, Young Tae Byun. All-optical XOR gate using semiconductor optical amplifiers without additional input beam[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2002, 14(10):1436～1438
[40] Junqiang Sun. Relaxation of facet reflection restrictions in XGM wavelength converters. Optics Communication[J], 2002, 206(1-3): 67～75
[41] Zhang Xinliang.Huang Dexiu, Sun Junqing. A novel scheme for XGM wavelength conversion based on single-port coupled SOA [J].Chinese Physics, 2001,10(2): 124～127
[42] X.L. Zhang, J.Q. Sun, D.M. Liu and D.X. Huang. A Novel Scheme for XGM Wavelength Conversion based on Single-Port-Coupled SOA. Chinese Physics[J]. 2001,10:124～127
[43] T. Fjelde, D. Wolfson, A. Kloch. Demonstration of 20Gbit/s all-optical logic XOR integrated SOA-based interferometric wavelength converter[J]. Electronics Letters, 2000,36(22):1863～1864
[44] A. J. Poustie, K.J. Blow, A.E. Kelly. All-optical full adder with bit-differential delay[J]. Optics Communications, 1999, 168:89～93
[45] Kim, J.H. All-optical XOR gate using semiconductor optical amplifiers without additional input beam[J]. IEEE Photonics Technol. Letter., 2002, 14, pp. 1436-1438
[46] Sungchul Lee., All-Optical Exclusive NOR Logic Gate Using Mach-Zehnder Interferometer[J]. Jpn. 2000, Appl. 14, pp. 36-38
[47] T. Fjelde, D. Wolfson, A. Kloch. Demonstration of 20Gbit/s all-optical logic XOR in integrated SOA-based interferometer wavelength converter[J]. Electronics Letters, 2000, 36(22): 1863～1864
[48] 黄德修，刘雪峰．半导体激光器及其应用[M]．第一版．北京：国防工业出版社，1999
[2] Kristian, E.Stubkjaer. Semiconductor Optical Amplifier-Based All-Optical Gates for High-Speed Optical Processing[J]. IEEE Journal on selected topics in quantum electronics,2000, 6(6): 1428-1435
[3] Mikkelsen. B. Optical amplifiers and their system application[D]. Lyngby: Dept. of Electromagnetic System, Technical University of Denmark, 1994.
[4] 陈兴忠，姚敏玉，高以智．超快非线性干涉仪及其在高速全光信号处理中的应用[J]．光电子·激光，1999，10(5)：388～390
[5] 肖学智，伍浩成．非线性光环镜及其在信息技术领域中的应用[J]．光通信技术，2000，24(3)：202～207
[6] Poustie, Blow. A.J. K.J Demonstration of an all-optical Fredkin gate[J]. Optics Cornmunications,2000, 174: 317～320
[7] Alistair Poustie, R.J.M发anning and A.E.Kelly. All-optical binary counter[J]. Optics Express,2000, 6(3):69～74
[8] I.Glesk, R.J.Runser, P.R.Prucnal. New generation of devices for all optical communications[J]. Acta Physica slovaca, 2001, 51 (2): 151～162
[9] M. Eiselt, W. Pieper, H. G. Weber. SLALOM: semiconductor laser amplifier in a loopmirror. [J]. Lightwave Technology, 1995, 13(10): 2099～2111
[10] K. J. Blow, R.J.Manning, A.J.Poustie. Model of longitudinal effects in semiconductor optical amplifiers in a nonlinear loop mirror configuration[J]. Optics Communications, 1998, 148: 31～35
[11] DAO. Davies, AD. Ellis, G. Sherlock. Regenerative 20Gbit/s wavelength conversion and demultiplexing using a semiconductor laser amplifier nonlinear loop mirror[J]. Electronics Letters, 1995, 31(12):1000～1001
[12] G. Jacobsen, K. Bertilsson, and Z.Xiaopin, WDM transmission system performance: influence of non-Gaussian detected ASE noise and periodic DEMUX characteristic[J], Journal of Lightwave technology, vol. 16, No. 10, 1998, pp 1804-1811
[13] Lun Xiujun, Huang Yongqing, Ren Xiaomin, Device Design and Characteristics for SOA-based All Optical Signal 2R Regeneration Semiconductor[J]. Photonics and Technology ,Vol.9,No.2 pp66-70, 2003.
[14] Wolf son. Detailed theoretical investigation and comparison of the cascaded ability of conventional and gain-clamped SOA gates in multi-wavelength optical networks[J], IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., 1999, 11, (11), pp. 1494-1496
[15] K. Obermann. All-optical Wavelength Conversion Based on Cross-gain Modulation and Four-wave Mixing in Semiconductor optical Amplifiers[C]. Berlin: Technische Universital, 1999
[16] Junqiang Sun. Relaxation of facet reflection restrictions in XGM wavelength converters[J].Optics Communication, 2002, 206(1-3): 67～75
[17] Jinwei Wang, Henning Olesen, and Kristian E.Stubkjaer, Recombination, gain and bandwidth characteristics of 1.3-um semiconductor laser amplifiers[J]. Journal of light wave technology, vol.LT-5, No. 1, 2000, pp184-189
[18] 陈兴忠，姚敏玉，高以智．超快非线性干涉仪及其在高速全光信号处理中的应用[J]．光电子·激光，1999，10(5)：388～390
[19] C.Bintjas, M.Kalyvas, G.Theophilopoulos. 20Gb/s all-optical XOR with UNI gate[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2000, 12(7):834～836
[20] Bengt-Erik Olsson, All Optical Switching with the Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror[R], School of electrical and computer engineering, Chalniers University of technology, Goteborg, Sweden, Technical Report No. 330, 1998
[21] K.J. Blow, R. J. Manning, A. J. Poustie. Model of longitudinal effects in semiconductor optical amplifiers in a nonlinear loop mirror configuration[J]. Optics Communications, 1998, 148:31～35
[22] D.A.O. Davies, A. D. Ellis, G. Sherlock. Regenerative 20Gbit/s wavelength conversion and demultiplexing using a semiconductor laser amplifier nonlinear loop mirror[J]. Electronics Letters, 1995, 31(12):1000～1001
[23] 刘贤炳，叶培大．非线性元件的偏移量对TOAD开关窗口的影响[J]．光通信技术，1999，23(4)：310～314
[24] D.Wolf son, S.L. Danielson, C.Jorgensen, B.Michelson, and K.E.Stubkjaer, Detailed theoretical investigation of the input power dynamic range for gain-clamped semiconductor optical amplifier gates at 10Gbit/s. [J] IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., 1998, 10, (9), pp. 1241-1243
[25] Kim, J.H. All-optical AND gate using cross-gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifiers[J]. Jap. J. Apple Phys., 2004, 43, pp. 608-610
[26] A. Jamie, A. Shataiha, M. Guegan. All-optical logic NOR gate using two-cascaded semiconductor optical amplifiers [J]. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 2002,14 (10):1439～1441
[27] Ali Hamie, Ammar Sharaiha, Mikael Guegan. All-optical logic XOR gate using two-cascaded semiconductor optical amplifiers[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2002, 14(10): 1439～1441
[28] J. Kim and S. L. Chuang, Theoretical and experimental study of optical gain, refractive index change, and line-width enhancement factor of p-doped quantum-dot lasers. [J] IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 942-952, Sep. 2006.
[29] T. Fjelde, D. Wolfson, A. Kloch. Demonstration of 20Gbit/s all-optical logic XOR in integrated SOA-based interferometer wavelength converter[J]. Electronics Letters, 2000,36(22):1863～1864
[30] A.J. Poustie, K. J. Blow. Demonstration of an all-optical Fred-kin gate[J]. Optics Communications, 2000, 174:317～320
[31] Alistair Poustie, R. J. Manning and A. E. Kelly. All-optical binary counter[J]. Optics Express, 2000, 6(3):69～74
[32] I. Glesk, R. J. Runser, P. R. Prucnal. New generation of devices for all optical communications[J]. Acta Physical slovaca, 2001, 51 (2): 151～162
[33] 张新亮．半导体光放大器用作全光波长转换器的研究：[D]．武汉：华中科技大学光电子工程系，2000
[34] Hanxing Shi. Performance analysis on semiconductor laser amplifier loop mirrors[J]. Journal of Light wave Technology, 2002, 20(4):682～688
[35] C. Bintjas, M. Kalyvas, G. Theophilopoulos. 20Gb/s all-optical XOR with UNI gate[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2000, 12(7):834～836
[36] Suncho Kim. All Optical Logic XNOR Based on Mach-Zehnder Interferometer[J]. OECC1 IOOC 2001, July 2001, 51 (2):51～62
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