膜技术在循环冷却排污水回用中的应用研究
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摘要
水是人类生存和社会发展的基本物质条件,是一种有限的不可替代的宝贵资源。我国是一个水资源短缺、水污染非常严重的国家,尤其是北方地区。火力发电厂是一个用水大户,随着水资源短缺和水污染的日益严重,水已成为火电工业发展的制约因素,目前随着国家可持续发展战略的制订,人民的环保意识不断的增强,控制用水和排污已成为火力发电厂重点治理项目之一。在火电厂中循环水量占用水总量的70%以上,其中循环水的蒸发损耗占70%左右,排污损耗占20%以上,所以对循环水排污水进行回收利用,能有效地达到节水的目的。基于此,采用超滤和反渗透的联合工艺处理循环冷却排污水,将出水作为锅炉补给水的原水。
以某电厂循环水回收利用为例,首先对循环冷却排污水的水质进行了分析,明确了需要去除的污染物,进行现场试验,验证超滤系统对于该循环排污水的耐受性、超滤与反渗透联合工艺的可行性,并确定超滤与反渗透系统的最佳工况;并在工程实践中确定了系统实际运行工艺参数及经济核算。
超滤试验结果表明:采用工作45min,反冲洗50s的操作方式,能够较长时间维持膜良好的截留和透水性能。正常情况下,出水COD_(Mn).在0。52—1.12mg/L之间、浊度可以稳定在0.047—0.11NTU之间,SDI≤1.2,余氯＜0.04mg/L,出水水质完全可以满足反渗透进水要求。反渗透试验结果表明:标准脱盐率基本不变,可保持在98.1%以上,出水水质稳定。产品水电导率在20μs/cm以下,含盐量很低,出水水质发生了质的飞跃,可大大减小后续离子交换系统的负荷。
在上述试验的基础上,进行了循环冷却排污水处理工程的简要设计,并对工程进行了经济效益分析,结果表明该工艺为解决电厂循环冷却水的再利用开辟了一条新的途径,既节约了水资源,又减少了环境污染。
Water is an essential substance for the survival of human beings as well as also for the development of society. It is a sort of finite precious resource, which is not substitutable. China is lack of water resources and water is polluted severely, especially in the north of China. With pollution and shortage of water resources being serious day by day, water resources have already become the constraining factor of the power industry. With the strategy of sustainable development and people's consciousness of environmental protection, controlling and decreasing emission of waste water become one of emphases of prevention and control of pollution. In a power plant per-day, more than 70% of water feed to cycling water system. In this system, evaporating wastage is about 70%, discharging wastage is more than 20%. Thus reusing the discharging water is efficaciously to save water. Ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis were used for the treatment of circulating discharge water so as to use it for the make-up water of the boiler.
Taking a power plant as an example, the author first analyzes the discharging water quality, then tests in the spot. The permeate water of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis are used as the supply of boiler feed water treating system. The feasibility and the optimum operating conditions of ultrafiltration followed by reverse osmosis are tested through a series of trials. In the practical application the system operation parameter was determined and operating expenses and problems are described.
The experimental result of UF showed that the mode (production: 45 minutes; backwash: 50 seconds) could maintain the membrane performance of rejection and permeability. The product COD_(Mn) was between 0.48mg/L and 1.42 mg/L, the turbidity was between 0.046NTU and 0.1NTU, SDI≤1.2,residual chlorine < 0.04mg/L. The outlet water quality could meet the requirement of the RO inlet water. The experimental result of RO showed that RO desalination rate was over 98.5%. The electric conductivity of the water from RO was between 11.4—13.1μs/cm , which helped to reduce the load of the following ionic exchange system greatly.
On the basis of the above experiments, a project was designed, and an economic analysis was carried out on the plant. This technology created a new way for the utilization of circulating cooling discharge water, which saved water resource and decreased the environmental pollution.
以某电厂循环水回收利用为例,首先对循环冷却排污水的水质进行了分析,明确了需要去除的污染物,进行现场试验,验证超滤系统对于该循环排污水的耐受性、超滤与反渗透联合工艺的可行性,并确定超滤与反渗透系统的最佳工况;并在工程实践中确定了系统实际运行工艺参数及经济核算。
超滤试验结果表明:采用工作45min,反冲洗50s的操作方式,能够较长时间维持膜良好的截留和透水性能。正常情况下,出水COD_(Mn).在0。52—1.12mg/L之间、浊度可以稳定在0.047—0.11NTU之间,SDI≤1.2,余氯＜0.04mg/L,出水水质完全可以满足反渗透进水要求。反渗透试验结果表明:标准脱盐率基本不变,可保持在98.1%以上,出水水质稳定。产品水电导率在20μs/cm以下,含盐量很低,出水水质发生了质的飞跃,可大大减小后续离子交换系统的负荷。
在上述试验的基础上,进行了循环冷却排污水处理工程的简要设计,并对工程进行了经济效益分析,结果表明该工艺为解决电厂循环冷却水的再利用开辟了一条新的途径,既节约了水资源,又减少了环境污染。
Water is an essential substance for the survival of human beings as well as also for the development of society. It is a sort of finite precious resource, which is not substitutable. China is lack of water resources and water is polluted severely, especially in the north of China. With pollution and shortage of water resources being serious day by day, water resources have already become the constraining factor of the power industry. With the strategy of sustainable development and people's consciousness of environmental protection, controlling and decreasing emission of waste water become one of emphases of prevention and control of pollution. In a power plant per-day, more than 70% of water feed to cycling water system. In this system, evaporating wastage is about 70%, discharging wastage is more than 20%. Thus reusing the discharging water is efficaciously to save water. Ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis were used for the treatment of circulating discharge water so as to use it for the make-up water of the boiler.
Taking a power plant as an example, the author first analyzes the discharging water quality, then tests in the spot. The permeate water of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis are used as the supply of boiler feed water treating system. The feasibility and the optimum operating conditions of ultrafiltration followed by reverse osmosis are tested through a series of trials. In the practical application the system operation parameter was determined and operating expenses and problems are described.
The experimental result of UF showed that the mode (production: 45 minutes; backwash: 50 seconds) could maintain the membrane performance of rejection and permeability. The product COD_(Mn) was between 0.48mg/L and 1.42 mg/L, the turbidity was between 0.046NTU and 0.1NTU, SDI≤1.2,residual chlorine < 0.04mg/L. The outlet water quality could meet the requirement of the RO inlet water. The experimental result of RO showed that RO desalination rate was over 98.5%. The electric conductivity of the water from RO was between 11.4—13.1μs/cm , which helped to reduce the load of the following ionic exchange system greatly.
On the basis of the above experiments, a project was designed, and an economic analysis was carried out on the plant. This technology created a new way for the utilization of circulating cooling discharge water, which saved water resource and decreased the environmental pollution.
引文
铩颷1]蒋展鹏.环境工程概论.中国环境科学出版社,2001,1
[2]刘希波.火电厂水务管理.北京:中国电力出版社,1998,3.
[3]周本省.工业水处理技术.北京:化学工业出版社,1996,12,147-149.
[4]陆柱,陈中兴,蔡兰坤等.水处理技术.上海.华东理工大学出版社,1999,101-106
[5]曲格平.发展循环经济是21世纪的大趋势(C)中国国际清洁生产研讨会论文集,北京:环境科学出版社2001
[6]郑书忠,陈军.产业化中的工业水处理新技术.科技成果纵横,2001,6(57):13-14.
[7]邵青.水处理及循环再利用技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2004,28-29
[8]谢长血,火力发电厂循环水排污回收工艺的探讨.电力设计水处理技术.2001,75:44-48
[9]沙中魁,谢长血,李杰.火电厂循环水排污水的回收利用.电力建设.2001,22(8):51.
[10]董辅祥,董欣东,宋序彤.节约用水原理及方法指南.北京:中国建筑工业出版社:1995,121-123
[11]龚德顺.双鸭山发电厂工业水节水措施.黑龙江电力技术.1999(3):30-31
[12]陈侣湘.火力发电厂节水的研究.云南电力,2002,30(1):17-18.
[13]王佩璋.反渗透在火电厂循环水处理中的应用.华北电力技术.1999,(2):37.
[14]王文兵.火电厂废水零排放改造方案.电力建设.2002,(12):41-44
[15]谢长血.从大同第二发电厂水务管理现状看节水途径.电力建设.2001,(3):47-50
[16]西柏坡二发电有限责任公司,锅炉补给水预处理系统试验说[M]河北平山县:西柏坡二发电有限责任公司,2004
[17]张贵徉,董建国,李志民等.火电厂废水“零排放”设计研究与应用[J],电力建设2004,25(2):52-54.
[18]陈益棠.膜的释义、界限及其他.水处理技术,1993,1:15-17.
[19]张葆宗.反渗透水处理应用技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2004,83-138.
[20]王湛.膜分离技术基础.北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
[21]邵刚.膜法水处理技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,1991,4-7.
[22]蔡虹.超滤膜和微滤膜在生活污水回用处理中的应用研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2002.
[23]马映心.罗定电厂的预处理系统除胶体硅方案的选择[J].广西电力,2002,(2).
[24]Marcel Mulder.Basic Principles of Membrane Technology.second edition.KluwerAcademic Publishers,1998,9
铩颷25]邹为和,刘海涛.超滤(UF)在补给水处理系统中的应用.山东电力技术,2002,5(127).
[26]V P Oliviere,et al,Continuous Microfiltration of Surface Water,Orlando Fia:Proc AWWA membrane Technology Conf,1991.110-120.
[27]J G Jacangelo et al,Assessing Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration for Particle Removal.Jour,1989.11-68.
[28]J M Laine J P Hagstrom et al.Effects of ultrafiltration membrane compositionJour.AWWA 1999.61-67.
[29]张捍民,王宝贞.淹没式膜过滤饮用水装置去除水中污染物试验研究.给水排水,2000,20(6:31-32.
[30]刘茉娥.膜分离技术.北京:化学工业出版社,1998,220-221.
[31]曹培刚,王文彬,尚书仲,等.关于反渗透水处理系统在电厂应用的研究和探讨.工业水处理,1999,19(2):30-31
[32]美国陶式公司产品技术手册,2002.
[33]储力前,付永彬.膜分离技术在大豆蛋白废水处理中的应用研究.给水排水,2000,26(5):36-38。
[34]金熙,项成林,齐冬子.工业水处理技术问答及常用数据.第二版.北京:化学工业出版社,1997.
[35]彭海清,谭章荣,高乃云等.给水处理中藻类的去除。中国给水排水.2002,18(2):29-31
[36]Richard W Baker.Menbrane Technology and Applications,The McGraw-HillCompanies,2000,7.
[37]Nunes S P,Peinemann K V.Membrane Technology in the Chemical Industry.WILEY-VCH,2002,6.
[38]Hillis P.Membrane Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment.The RoyalSociety of Chemistry,2000,6.
[39]刘双进.污水处理新技术-反渗透和超滤.北京:海洋出版社,1985,10.
[40]任建新等.膜分离技术及其应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2003,4.
[41]沙中魁,谢长血,李杰.火电厂循环水排污水的回收利用.电力建设.2001,22(8):50-52.
[2]刘希波.火电厂水务管理.北京:中国电力出版社,1998,3.
[3]周本省.工业水处理技术.北京:化学工业出版社,1996,12,147-149.
[4]陆柱,陈中兴,蔡兰坤等.水处理技术.上海.华东理工大学出版社,1999,101-106
[5]曲格平.发展循环经济是21世纪的大趋势(C)中国国际清洁生产研讨会论文集,北京:环境科学出版社2001
[6]郑书忠,陈军.产业化中的工业水处理新技术.科技成果纵横,2001,6(57):13-14.
[7]邵青.水处理及循环再利用技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2004,28-29
[8]谢长血,火力发电厂循环水排污回收工艺的探讨.电力设计水处理技术.2001,75:44-48
[9]沙中魁,谢长血,李杰.火电厂循环水排污水的回收利用.电力建设.2001,22(8):51.
[10]董辅祥,董欣东,宋序彤.节约用水原理及方法指南.北京:中国建筑工业出版社:1995,121-123
[11]龚德顺.双鸭山发电厂工业水节水措施.黑龙江电力技术.1999(3):30-31
[12]陈侣湘.火力发电厂节水的研究.云南电力,2002,30(1):17-18.
[13]王佩璋.反渗透在火电厂循环水处理中的应用.华北电力技术.1999,(2):37.
[14]王文兵.火电厂废水零排放改造方案.电力建设.2002,(12):41-44
[15]谢长血.从大同第二发电厂水务管理现状看节水途径.电力建设.2001,(3):47-50
[16]西柏坡二发电有限责任公司,锅炉补给水预处理系统试验说[M]河北平山县:西柏坡二发电有限责任公司,2004
[17]张贵徉,董建国,李志民等.火电厂废水“零排放”设计研究与应用[J],电力建设2004,25(2):52-54.
[18]陈益棠.膜的释义、界限及其他.水处理技术,1993,1:15-17.
[19]张葆宗.反渗透水处理应用技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2004,83-138.
[20]王湛.膜分离技术基础.北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
[21]邵刚.膜法水处理技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,1991,4-7.
[22]蔡虹.超滤膜和微滤膜在生活污水回用处理中的应用研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2002.
[23]马映心.罗定电厂的预处理系统除胶体硅方案的选择[J].广西电力,2002,(2).
[24]Marcel Mulder.Basic Principles of Membrane Technology.second edition.KluwerAcademic Publishers,1998,9
铩颷25]邹为和,刘海涛.超滤(UF)在补给水处理系统中的应用.山东电力技术,2002,5(127).
[26]V P Oliviere,et al,Continuous Microfiltration of Surface Water,Orlando Fia:Proc AWWA membrane Technology Conf,1991.110-120.
[27]J G Jacangelo et al,Assessing Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration for Particle Removal.Jour,1989.11-68.
[28]J M Laine J P Hagstrom et al.Effects of ultrafiltration membrane compositionJour.AWWA 1999.61-67.
[29]张捍民,王宝贞.淹没式膜过滤饮用水装置去除水中污染物试验研究.给水排水,2000,20(6:31-32.
[30]刘茉娥.膜分离技术.北京:化学工业出版社,1998,220-221.
[31]曹培刚,王文彬,尚书仲,等.关于反渗透水处理系统在电厂应用的研究和探讨.工业水处理,1999,19(2):30-31
[32]美国陶式公司产品技术手册,2002.
[33]储力前,付永彬.膜分离技术在大豆蛋白废水处理中的应用研究.给水排水,2000,26(5):36-38。
[34]金熙,项成林,齐冬子.工业水处理技术问答及常用数据.第二版.北京:化学工业出版社,1997.
[35]彭海清,谭章荣,高乃云等.给水处理中藻类的去除。中国给水排水.2002,18(2):29-31
[36]Richard W Baker.Menbrane Technology and Applications,The McGraw-HillCompanies,2000,7.
[37]Nunes S P,Peinemann K V.Membrane Technology in the Chemical Industry.WILEY-VCH,2002,6.
[38]Hillis P.Membrane Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment.The RoyalSociety of Chemistry,2000,6.
[39]刘双进.污水处理新技术-反渗透和超滤.北京:海洋出版社,1985,10.
[40]任建新等.膜分离技术及其应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2003,4.
[41]沙中魁,谢长血,李杰.火电厂循环水排污水的回收利用.电力建设.2001,22(8):50-52.