反渗透技术在昆明卷烟厂锅炉水处理中应用设想研究
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摘要
膜技术是当代高效分离新技术,与传统的分离技术相比,它具有分离效率高、能耗低(无相变)、占地面积小、过程简单(易放大与自控)、操作方便、不污染环境、便于与其他技术集成等突出优点。它的研究和应用与节能、环境保护、水资源开发、利用和再生关系极为密切。在当今世界能源、水资源短缺,水和环境污染日益严重的情况下,膜分离科学与技术的研究得到了世界各国的高度重视,成为实现经济可持续发展战略的重要组成部分。同时,膜技术是改造传统产业、推进相关行业技术进步的高新技术。近十年来,反渗透技术在国内得到了高速的发展,广泛应用于石油、电力、冶金、化工、电子、制药、食品等多个工业行业,正在成为海水淡化及污水资源化处理的主流工艺,并开始进入城市给水处理领域。目前在国内以反渗透工艺技术为核心,已经构成了一个相关产品的研发、生产、销售、安装、运行、服务的产业链条,形成了一个高速增长的新兴膜法水处理行业。
论文讨论了膜技术的基础知识及其基本概念,论述了膜系统的基本设计模式,以及膜系统的预处理工艺及膜的污染及清洗技术。在此基础上,论文以膜分离工艺中的反渗透技术为重点研究对象,针对昆明卷烟厂现有锅炉水处理设备(LWLN系列三塔流动床)运行中存在的一些问题,提出了在原三塔流动床前增加反渗透技术,以改善原有水处理设备存在的不足,并且设计出与原水处理设备相配套的反渗透系统,以及从技术、经济等角度预测增加反渗透系统后会有什么结果。最后,对论文所取得的研究成果进行总结,并提出了未来的努力方向。
Membrane separation technology is a modern efficient new technology. Compared with traditional separation techniques, it has several prominent advantages, including high separation efficiency, low energy consumption (no phase transition), small occupied area , simple separation process (easy to control and magnify), convenient operation, no pollution, easy integration with other technologies. The researches and applications of membrane separation technology has extremely closed relation to energy saving, environmental protection, water resources development, utilization and regeneration. Under the condition that the shortage of energy and water resources and the pollution of water and environment are getting serious in the world, the research of membrane separation science and technology, which is becoming an important component of the strategy to the sustainable economic development, has been paid great worldwide attention. Meanwhile, the membrane technology is a high-tech to reconstruct traditional industries and promote technological advancement of the related industries. Over the last 10 years, the reverse osmosis technology has been highly developed in china, which has been widely used in oil, power industry, metallurgy, chemical industry, electronics, pharmacy, food and other industries. Furthermore, the reverse osmosis technology has become the mainstream technique of sea water desalination and sewage treatment, and has begun to enter the water supply field in cities. Nowadays, an industrial chain whose core is the reverse osmosis technology has been formed in China, which is consist of the related product development, production, sale, installation, operation and service, and has formed a high-growth emerging water treatment industry of membrane techniques.
The paper discussed the basic knowledge and the basic concepts of the membrane technology, then elaborates the basic design patterns and the pre-process techniques of the membrane system, as well as the pollution and clean techniques of membrane. On this basis, the paper focused on the reverse osmosis technique in membrane separation technology. In order to resolve the problems of the water treatment equipments of the boiler used in Kunming Cigarette Factory, we proposed to install a reverse osmosis equipment before the three-tower-flow bed to remove the disadvantages of the original water treatment equipments. Furthermore, we designed a reverse osmosis system assorting with the original equipments, and forecasted the possible results owing to the installation of the reverse osmosis system from a technical and economic point of view. Finally, a summary of the research of this paper and the direction for the future work are given.
论文讨论了膜技术的基础知识及其基本概念,论述了膜系统的基本设计模式,以及膜系统的预处理工艺及膜的污染及清洗技术。在此基础上,论文以膜分离工艺中的反渗透技术为重点研究对象,针对昆明卷烟厂现有锅炉水处理设备(LWLN系列三塔流动床)运行中存在的一些问题,提出了在原三塔流动床前增加反渗透技术,以改善原有水处理设备存在的不足,并且设计出与原水处理设备相配套的反渗透系统,以及从技术、经济等角度预测增加反渗透系统后会有什么结果。最后,对论文所取得的研究成果进行总结,并提出了未来的努力方向。
Membrane separation technology is a modern efficient new technology. Compared with traditional separation techniques, it has several prominent advantages, including high separation efficiency, low energy consumption (no phase transition), small occupied area , simple separation process (easy to control and magnify), convenient operation, no pollution, easy integration with other technologies. The researches and applications of membrane separation technology has extremely closed relation to energy saving, environmental protection, water resources development, utilization and regeneration. Under the condition that the shortage of energy and water resources and the pollution of water and environment are getting serious in the world, the research of membrane separation science and technology, which is becoming an important component of the strategy to the sustainable economic development, has been paid great worldwide attention. Meanwhile, the membrane technology is a high-tech to reconstruct traditional industries and promote technological advancement of the related industries. Over the last 10 years, the reverse osmosis technology has been highly developed in china, which has been widely used in oil, power industry, metallurgy, chemical industry, electronics, pharmacy, food and other industries. Furthermore, the reverse osmosis technology has become the mainstream technique of sea water desalination and sewage treatment, and has begun to enter the water supply field in cities. Nowadays, an industrial chain whose core is the reverse osmosis technology has been formed in China, which is consist of the related product development, production, sale, installation, operation and service, and has formed a high-growth emerging water treatment industry of membrane techniques.
The paper discussed the basic knowledge and the basic concepts of the membrane technology, then elaborates the basic design patterns and the pre-process techniques of the membrane system, as well as the pollution and clean techniques of membrane. On this basis, the paper focused on the reverse osmosis technique in membrane separation technology. In order to resolve the problems of the water treatment equipments of the boiler used in Kunming Cigarette Factory, we proposed to install a reverse osmosis equipment before the three-tower-flow bed to remove the disadvantages of the original water treatment equipments. Furthermore, we designed a reverse osmosis system assorting with the original equipments, and forecasted the possible results owing to the installation of the reverse osmosis system from a technical and economic point of view. Finally, a summary of the research of this paper and the direction for the future work are given.
引文
[1]刘茉娥等,膜分离技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998
[2]解利昕,李凭力,王世昌.海水淡化技术发展现状及各种淡化方法评述[J].化工进展,2003,22(10)1081-1084
[3]Peterson R J.J Memb Sci,1993,83:81
[4]王世昌主编,海水淡化工程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003,179-180
[5]熊日华,王世昌.海水淡化中的替代型能源[J].化工进展,2003,22(11)1139-1142
[6]王世昌,周清,王志.海水淡化与反渗透的发展形势[J].膜科学与技术,2003,23(4)162-166
[7]丁孟贤,何天白.聚酰亚胺新型材料[M].北京:科学出版社,1998
[8]王越,徐世昌,王世昌.国外反渗透系统余压回收技术研究概况[J].化工进展2002,21(11)868-871
[9]梁伟.世韩CSM抗污染反渗透膜--废水深度回用的选择[J].亚洲给排水,2004,(9/10):12-14
[10]解利昕,阮国岭,张耀江.反渗透海水淡化技术现状与展望[J].中国给水排水,2000,16(3):24-27
[11]刘茉娥,陈欢林编著.新型分离技术基础[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1993
[12]Riley R L.Lyons C R.OSW Rep No.386,PB# 207036,1969
[13]Mulder M著.膜技术基本原理(第二版)[M].李琳译.北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[14]Cadotte J E.US 3926798.1975
[15]刘忠洲,续曙光,李锁定.微滤、超滤过程中的膜污染与清洗[J].水处理技术,1997,(04):3-9
[16]邹为和,刘海涛.超滤(UF)在补给水处理系统中的应用[J].山东电力技术,2002,(05)
[17]张国俊,刘忠洲.膜过程中超滤膜污染机制的研究及其防治技术进展[J].膜科学与技术,2001,(04)-39-45
[18]董秉直,曹达文,管晓涛,范瑾初,李景华,徐强.混凝对膜过滤的影响[J].中国给水排水,2002,(12)-37-39
[20]海洋二所中心工程资料,浙江大学半导体厂电子工业用17-18MΩ·cm超纯水系统工艺流程图[J],1995-02-08
[21]Lim G B A,Lloyd D R.Polym D Eng Sci,1993,33(9):522-528
[22]Lim G B A,Lloyd D R.Polym D Eng Sci,1993,33(9):529-536
[23]吴国锋,张国亮,曲敬绪等.水处理技术[J].2002,28(2):75
[24]张国亮,陈益棠.水处理技术[J].2000,26(2):67
[25]钟顺和,李传峰,孙宏伟,肖秀芬.膜科学与技术[J].2002,22(4):21
[26]吴庸烈,刘卫宏,张华杰等.膜科学与技术[J].1989,9(3):1
[27]Liu Q L,Li Q B.J Member Sci,2002,202:89
[28]刘双进,王静容,刘福谅.膜分离科学与技术[J].198l,1(2):15
[29]闻瑞梅等.高纯水的制备及检测技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1997
[30]Wang D L,Li K,Teo W K.J Membr Sci,2000,178:13
[31]朱长乐,刘茉娥.膜科学技术[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1992
[32]骆峰,张军,王晓琳等.南京化工大学学报[J].2001,2:91
[33]Sourirajan S.Ind Eng Fundam,1963,2:51
[34]Sourirajan S.Reverse Osmosis.New York:Academic Press,1970
[35]胡七一,胡家璁.全国高分子会议论文集[J].1992.410
[36]邓文礼,杨林静,王琛等.科学通报[J].1998,43(5):449
[37]刘双进,王静容,刘福谅.膜分离科学与技术[J].1981,1(2):15
[38]任建新.膜分离技术及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[39]李悦生等.高分子通报[J].1991,(1):133
[40]陈立新,沈新元.膜科学与技术[J].1997,17(3):1
[41]Lundstrom.J.(Gen Electric).US 3767737.1973;Jpn 76 89564.1976
[42]Masuda T,Iguchi Y.Polymer.1988,29:2041
[43]Masuda T,Takatsuka M.J.Membr Sci,1990,49:69
[44]岩间召男.膜[J].1982,7(6):341-352
[45]杨少华,孙国庆.平板式共混超滤膜的研究[J].水处理技术,1994,20(6):355-369
[46]蔡邦肖,余黎,叶海宁.水处理技术[J].2001,27(6):314
[47]高以烜,叶凌碧.膜分离技术基础[M].北京科学出版社,1989
[48]王洪生,陆雍森.国外膜技术进展及其在水处理中的应用[J].膜科学与技术,1998,19(4)17-21
[49]沈志松,黄健等.混凝-膜分离集成技术处理吡喹酮废水[J].污染与防止技术,1996,12(2):101-103
[2]解利昕,李凭力,王世昌.海水淡化技术发展现状及各种淡化方法评述[J].化工进展,2003,22(10)1081-1084
[3]Peterson R J.J Memb Sci,1993,83:81
[4]王世昌主编,海水淡化工程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003,179-180
[5]熊日华,王世昌.海水淡化中的替代型能源[J].化工进展,2003,22(11)1139-1142
[6]王世昌,周清,王志.海水淡化与反渗透的发展形势[J].膜科学与技术,2003,23(4)162-166
[7]丁孟贤,何天白.聚酰亚胺新型材料[M].北京:科学出版社,1998
[8]王越,徐世昌,王世昌.国外反渗透系统余压回收技术研究概况[J].化工进展2002,21(11)868-871
[9]梁伟.世韩CSM抗污染反渗透膜--废水深度回用的选择[J].亚洲给排水,2004,(9/10):12-14
[10]解利昕,阮国岭,张耀江.反渗透海水淡化技术现状与展望[J].中国给水排水,2000,16(3):24-27
[11]刘茉娥,陈欢林编著.新型分离技术基础[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1993
[12]Riley R L.Lyons C R.OSW Rep No.386,PB# 207036,1969
[13]Mulder M著.膜技术基本原理(第二版)[M].李琳译.北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[14]Cadotte J E.US 3926798.1975
[15]刘忠洲,续曙光,李锁定.微滤、超滤过程中的膜污染与清洗[J].水处理技术,1997,(04):3-9
[16]邹为和,刘海涛.超滤(UF)在补给水处理系统中的应用[J].山东电力技术,2002,(05)
[17]张国俊,刘忠洲.膜过程中超滤膜污染机制的研究及其防治技术进展[J].膜科学与技术,2001,(04)-39-45
[18]董秉直,曹达文,管晓涛,范瑾初,李景华,徐强.混凝对膜过滤的影响[J].中国给水排水,2002,(12)-37-39
[20]海洋二所中心工程资料,浙江大学半导体厂电子工业用17-18MΩ·cm超纯水系统工艺流程图[J],1995-02-08
[21]Lim G B A,Lloyd D R.Polym D Eng Sci,1993,33(9):522-528
[22]Lim G B A,Lloyd D R.Polym D Eng Sci,1993,33(9):529-536
[23]吴国锋,张国亮,曲敬绪等.水处理技术[J].2002,28(2):75
[24]张国亮,陈益棠.水处理技术[J].2000,26(2):67
[25]钟顺和,李传峰,孙宏伟,肖秀芬.膜科学与技术[J].2002,22(4):21
[26]吴庸烈,刘卫宏,张华杰等.膜科学与技术[J].1989,9(3):1
[27]Liu Q L,Li Q B.J Member Sci,2002,202:89
[28]刘双进,王静容,刘福谅.膜分离科学与技术[J].198l,1(2):15
[29]闻瑞梅等.高纯水的制备及检测技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1997
[30]Wang D L,Li K,Teo W K.J Membr Sci,2000,178:13
[31]朱长乐,刘茉娥.膜科学技术[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1992
[32]骆峰,张军,王晓琳等.南京化工大学学报[J].2001,2:91
[33]Sourirajan S.Ind Eng Fundam,1963,2:51
[34]Sourirajan S.Reverse Osmosis.New York:Academic Press,1970
[35]胡七一,胡家璁.全国高分子会议论文集[J].1992.410
[36]邓文礼,杨林静,王琛等.科学通报[J].1998,43(5):449
[37]刘双进,王静容,刘福谅.膜分离科学与技术[J].1981,1(2):15
[38]任建新.膜分离技术及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[39]李悦生等.高分子通报[J].1991,(1):133
[40]陈立新,沈新元.膜科学与技术[J].1997,17(3):1
[41]Lundstrom.J.(Gen Electric).US 3767737.1973;Jpn 76 89564.1976
[42]Masuda T,Iguchi Y.Polymer.1988,29:2041
[43]Masuda T,Takatsuka M.J.Membr Sci,1990,49:69
[44]岩间召男.膜[J].1982,7(6):341-352
[45]杨少华,孙国庆.平板式共混超滤膜的研究[J].水处理技术,1994,20(6):355-369
[46]蔡邦肖,余黎,叶海宁.水处理技术[J].2001,27(6):314
[47]高以烜,叶凌碧.膜分离技术基础[M].北京科学出版社,1989
[48]王洪生,陆雍森.国外膜技术进展及其在水处理中的应用[J].膜科学与技术,1998,19(4)17-21
[49]沈志松,黄健等.混凝-膜分离集成技术处理吡喹酮废水[J].污染与防止技术,1996,12(2):101-103