计算光学流动显示技术理论及应用研究
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摘要
本论文是在国家自然科学基金项目“高温高焓化学非平衡流动研究”和国防预研项目“复杂气动流场的光学层析技术研究”的支撑下，在中国空气动力研究与发展中心与南京理工大学激光技术物理研究所联合指导下完成的。计算光学流动显示技术(Computational Flow Imaging-CFI)就是把数值计算(CFD)获得的流场中的物理场，经过与实验相同的计算光学(全息干涉、纹影、阴影、平面激光诱导荧光)的过程转换为所需的各个方向与试验流动显示图像相对应的计算流动图像。本文对CFI的理论和应用进行了研究，主要包括以下四个方面：
1．在总结国外CFI工作的基础上，创新地建立了一套严格的、基本完善的、并具有较强针对性的计算光学流动显示技术(CFI)的理论体系。包括完整的光学系统数学模型(阴影、纹影、莫尔条纹、干涉系统和平面激光诱导荧光技术)和CFI的三维离散信号的重采样理论。
2．在分析比较了各类三维图形处理算法的基础上，创新地提出了CFI的并行自适应光线投射法，该算法使CFI能够用于任何复杂网格和大规模的数值计算结果的处理。并行自适应光线投射法继承了光线投射法适合于任何形式网格的优点；光线与计算网格的交点自适应地反映了原来网格点物理量的分布，能够与数值计算的精度保持一致；图像平面的自适应算法使我们不必从每一个像素发出射线，既提高了光线投射法的计算效率，同时又保证重采样后激波这样的高频信息不会损失；将并行处理技术引入计算光学流动图像生成过程，解决了大规模数值模拟结果的处理对计算速度和内存容量的需求。
3．首创地提出了彩色编码计算干涉法，解决了长期以来不能解决的复杂流场无限条纹干涉图判读问题，以及强折射流场中过激波的有限干涉条纹的连续性判定问题。对于含激波的干涉图的处理一直是个难题，试验干涉图在密度梯度很大的地方即使放大图像也不满足采样条件，使通过干涉条纹的连接很难判断，无论是用条纹位移法还是相位主值解调法都很难进行处理，通过彩色计算干涉技术可以帮助判断试验干涉图中过激波条纹的连续性。
4．进一步提出了CFI用于数据融合数值计算数据解决数据不完全的光学层析术(OCT)病态问题的一种新的思想方法。
Computational flow imaging (CFI) uses theoretical predictions of the interaction and transmission of optical waves through theoretical flowfield to generate digital pictures that simulate real observations. It was used to construct flow visualization corresponding to shadowgraph, schlieren, interferometric and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) images. By providing a better insight into the flow physics and CFD code behavior, CFI is proving to be extremely useful to experimentally validate CFD codes. In essence it is the art and science of generating digital images of theoretical fluid dynamic phenomena in formats that mimic optical observations of real flowfield.
This dissertation is about theories and applications research of CFI, includes four main parts:
First, the theoretical modeling of Computational Flow Imaging corresponding to shadowgraph, schlieren, interferometric and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) is developed.
Second, a parallel adaptive ray-casting algorithm for graphic rendering of CFI is developed. In the computational model of CFI, the line-of-sight integration is difficult to obtain for 3D complicated flow field, because curvilinear grids, multizone curvilinear grids, and other irregular grids that are commonly used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) present interesting challenges, such as the complex shapes of cell regions defined by grid points; the wide variation in the sizes of cells in different regions of the grid; and the intersecting or overlapping nature of multi-grids. The parallel adaptive ray-casting algorithm is extremely efficient to solve these problems.
Third, a very useful colored CFI-Interferometry is developed. As the result of the presence of Shockwaves, or because of the spots of light, scattering, diffraction and other phenomena hiding the information searched in the experiment, discontinuities of the fringes are found in the interferogram of high-velocity gas flows. Colored CFI-Interferometry is a powerful tool to overcome these problems.
Last, a new idea of using CFI to fuse numerical simulating results into Optical Computerized Tomography(OCT) reconstruction is proposed to make up the lack of information in the case of incomplete data.
1．在总结国外CFI工作的基础上，创新地建立了一套严格的、基本完善的、并具有较强针对性的计算光学流动显示技术(CFI)的理论体系。包括完整的光学系统数学模型(阴影、纹影、莫尔条纹、干涉系统和平面激光诱导荧光技术)和CFI的三维离散信号的重采样理论。
2．在分析比较了各类三维图形处理算法的基础上，创新地提出了CFI的并行自适应光线投射法，该算法使CFI能够用于任何复杂网格和大规模的数值计算结果的处理。并行自适应光线投射法继承了光线投射法适合于任何形式网格的优点；光线与计算网格的交点自适应地反映了原来网格点物理量的分布，能够与数值计算的精度保持一致；图像平面的自适应算法使我们不必从每一个像素发出射线，既提高了光线投射法的计算效率，同时又保证重采样后激波这样的高频信息不会损失；将并行处理技术引入计算光学流动图像生成过程，解决了大规模数值模拟结果的处理对计算速度和内存容量的需求。
3．首创地提出了彩色编码计算干涉法，解决了长期以来不能解决的复杂流场无限条纹干涉图判读问题，以及强折射流场中过激波的有限干涉条纹的连续性判定问题。对于含激波的干涉图的处理一直是个难题，试验干涉图在密度梯度很大的地方即使放大图像也不满足采样条件，使通过干涉条纹的连接很难判断，无论是用条纹位移法还是相位主值解调法都很难进行处理，通过彩色计算干涉技术可以帮助判断试验干涉图中过激波条纹的连续性。
4．进一步提出了CFI用于数据融合数值计算数据解决数据不完全的光学层析术(OCT)病态问题的一种新的思想方法。
Computational flow imaging (CFI) uses theoretical predictions of the interaction and transmission of optical waves through theoretical flowfield to generate digital pictures that simulate real observations. It was used to construct flow visualization corresponding to shadowgraph, schlieren, interferometric and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) images. By providing a better insight into the flow physics and CFD code behavior, CFI is proving to be extremely useful to experimentally validate CFD codes. In essence it is the art and science of generating digital images of theoretical fluid dynamic phenomena in formats that mimic optical observations of real flowfield.
This dissertation is about theories and applications research of CFI, includes four main parts:
First, the theoretical modeling of Computational Flow Imaging corresponding to shadowgraph, schlieren, interferometric and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) is developed.
Second, a parallel adaptive ray-casting algorithm for graphic rendering of CFI is developed. In the computational model of CFI, the line-of-sight integration is difficult to obtain for 3D complicated flow field, because curvilinear grids, multizone curvilinear grids, and other irregular grids that are commonly used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) present interesting challenges, such as the complex shapes of cell regions defined by grid points; the wide variation in the sizes of cells in different regions of the grid; and the intersecting or overlapping nature of multi-grids. The parallel adaptive ray-casting algorithm is extremely efficient to solve these problems.
Third, a very useful colored CFI-Interferometry is developed. As the result of the presence of Shockwaves, or because of the spots of light, scattering, diffraction and other phenomena hiding the information searched in the experiment, discontinuities of the fringes are found in the interferogram of high-velocity gas flows. Colored CFI-Interferometry is a powerful tool to overcome these problems.
Last, a new idea of using CFI to fuse numerical simulating results into Optical Computerized Tomography(OCT) reconstruction is proposed to make up the lack of information in the case of incomplete data.
引文
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