煤基吸附剂的制备及其吸附Cr~(6+)的研究
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摘要
本研究利用龙口褐煤为原料采用液相化学氧化法和机械力化学法制备煤基吸附剂,并进行了煤粉成型研究及成型吸附剂吸附水溶液中Cr6+的吸附性能的研究。
煤粉与三氯化铁共球磨可以增加煤粉对Cr6+的吸附量。在质量比FeCl3:煤=1：10条件下,球磨20min后经过酸洗、水洗干燥后得到煤粉吸附剂吸附效果最佳。对其表面化学性质研究表明,球磨过程中发生了机械力化学反应,酸性官能团减少。对改性前后孔结构的研究表明,氧化后比表面积减小但总孔容增加。
经过HN03适度氧化,煤粉对Cr6+的吸附量增加。在浓度为3M、反应温度60℃、HN03：煤=10：1(固液比)的条件下反应12h,混合液抽滤后经过酸洗、水洗抽滤至中性、干燥得到煤基吸附剂吸附效果最佳。对改性前后孔结构的研究表明,氧化后比表面积和总孔容增加,氧化后中孔体积增加,占总孔体积的79.3%,这有利于Cr6+的吸附。对其表面化学性质研究表明,酸性官能团增加。
利用正交试验研究成型条件,研究表明：当成孔剂：煤：粘结剂=25：100：15,后处理温度为220℃,后处理时间为90min,制得的成型吸附剂吸附效果最佳,与原煤相比,比表面积和总孔容都增加。
成型吸附剂吸附Cr6+的吸条件实验结果表明：当溶液pH=2,且温度为20℃时有利于吸附。在最佳吸附条件下,经过机械力化学法处理得到的成型吸附剂对Cr6+的去除率可达到99.7%；经过化学氧化法处理得到的成型吸附剂吸附效果不如经过机械力化学法得到的好,去除率为62.3%。成型吸附剂对Cr6+的吸附热力学研究表明成型吸附剂对Cr6+的吸附符合Freundlich或Langmuir吸附等温式。成型吸附剂对Cr6+的动力学研究表明,吸附符合二级吸附动力学模型。
This disquisition prepared the sorbent by coal through chemistry oxidation and machine chemistry with the use of the lignite, to research the molding of the coal powder and the sorption of the molding sorbent which adsorb Cr6+ from solution.
The coal powder together with FeCl3 can increase the adsorption capability through the grind with ball. When the weight ratio of FeCl3 and coal is one to ten, the sorbent of the coal powder is better after 20min ball grind, washing with acid, washing with water and drying. Through the research for chemistry character of the surface, the reaction of the machine chemistry occurred in the process of the ball grind, and the function group of the acid is adding. The research indicated that the proportion of the surface minish but the capability of the aperture increased after oxidation comparing with the former of the reaction.
After the oxidation within measure by HNO3, the adsorption capability of the coal powder is increased. The reaction last 12 hours under the condition that the concentration is 3M, the temperature is 60℃and the ratio of the HNO3 and coal is ten to one. The. mix solution is filtrated with pump after washing with acid and washing with water to the pH7.0. The receiving sorbent with the coal group after drying is best for the adsorption capability. The proportion of the surface and the capability of the aperture are increased after oxidation comparing with the former of the reaction. The middling capability of the aperture is increased accounting for the total capability of the aperture 79.3%, which is propitious to adsorbing Cr6+. The function group of the acid is adding through the research for chemistry character of the surface.
Using the test to the molding condition, the research indicated, when the ratio of the aperture reagent, coal and the felt reagent is 25 to 100 to 15, the latter disposal temperature is 220 and the latter disposal time is 90min, the adsorption capability of the molding sorbent received is best. The proportion of the surface and the capability of the aperture are increased comparing with the original coal.
The conditions experimental about Cr6+ adsorption on molding absorbent shows that:when pH=2, and the temperature of 20℃for adsorption, adsorption effect is best. In the best adsorption conditions, Cr6+ removal rate about molding adsorbent processing by mechanochemical method can reach 99.7%, better than molding adsorbent processing by chemical oxidation. Cr6+ removal rate about molding adsorbent processing by chemical oxidation is 62.3%. According at the adsorption thermodynamics, the research indicated that the molding sorbent accord with the adsorption isothermal equation of Freundlich or Langmuir for Cr6+. Through the research about the molding sorbent to Cr6+, the adsorption accord with the second degree adsorption dynamics model.
煤粉与三氯化铁共球磨可以增加煤粉对Cr6+的吸附量。在质量比FeCl3:煤=1：10条件下,球磨20min后经过酸洗、水洗干燥后得到煤粉吸附剂吸附效果最佳。对其表面化学性质研究表明,球磨过程中发生了机械力化学反应,酸性官能团减少。对改性前后孔结构的研究表明,氧化后比表面积减小但总孔容增加。
经过HN03适度氧化,煤粉对Cr6+的吸附量增加。在浓度为3M、反应温度60℃、HN03：煤=10：1(固液比)的条件下反应12h,混合液抽滤后经过酸洗、水洗抽滤至中性、干燥得到煤基吸附剂吸附效果最佳。对改性前后孔结构的研究表明,氧化后比表面积和总孔容增加,氧化后中孔体积增加,占总孔体积的79.3%,这有利于Cr6+的吸附。对其表面化学性质研究表明,酸性官能团增加。
利用正交试验研究成型条件,研究表明：当成孔剂：煤：粘结剂=25：100：15,后处理温度为220℃,后处理时间为90min,制得的成型吸附剂吸附效果最佳,与原煤相比,比表面积和总孔容都增加。
成型吸附剂吸附Cr6+的吸条件实验结果表明：当溶液pH=2,且温度为20℃时有利于吸附。在最佳吸附条件下,经过机械力化学法处理得到的成型吸附剂对Cr6+的去除率可达到99.7%；经过化学氧化法处理得到的成型吸附剂吸附效果不如经过机械力化学法得到的好,去除率为62.3%。成型吸附剂对Cr6+的吸附热力学研究表明成型吸附剂对Cr6+的吸附符合Freundlich或Langmuir吸附等温式。成型吸附剂对Cr6+的动力学研究表明,吸附符合二级吸附动力学模型。
This disquisition prepared the sorbent by coal through chemistry oxidation and machine chemistry with the use of the lignite, to research the molding of the coal powder and the sorption of the molding sorbent which adsorb Cr6+ from solution.
The coal powder together with FeCl3 can increase the adsorption capability through the grind with ball. When the weight ratio of FeCl3 and coal is one to ten, the sorbent of the coal powder is better after 20min ball grind, washing with acid, washing with water and drying. Through the research for chemistry character of the surface, the reaction of the machine chemistry occurred in the process of the ball grind, and the function group of the acid is adding. The research indicated that the proportion of the surface minish but the capability of the aperture increased after oxidation comparing with the former of the reaction.
After the oxidation within measure by HNO3, the adsorption capability of the coal powder is increased. The reaction last 12 hours under the condition that the concentration is 3M, the temperature is 60℃and the ratio of the HNO3 and coal is ten to one. The. mix solution is filtrated with pump after washing with acid and washing with water to the pH7.0. The receiving sorbent with the coal group after drying is best for the adsorption capability. The proportion of the surface and the capability of the aperture are increased after oxidation comparing with the former of the reaction. The middling capability of the aperture is increased accounting for the total capability of the aperture 79.3%, which is propitious to adsorbing Cr6+. The function group of the acid is adding through the research for chemistry character of the surface.
Using the test to the molding condition, the research indicated, when the ratio of the aperture reagent, coal and the felt reagent is 25 to 100 to 15, the latter disposal temperature is 220 and the latter disposal time is 90min, the adsorption capability of the molding sorbent received is best. The proportion of the surface and the capability of the aperture are increased comparing with the original coal.
The conditions experimental about Cr6+ adsorption on molding absorbent shows that:when pH=2, and the temperature of 20℃for adsorption, adsorption effect is best. In the best adsorption conditions, Cr6+ removal rate about molding adsorbent processing by mechanochemical method can reach 99.7%, better than molding adsorbent processing by chemical oxidation. Cr6+ removal rate about molding adsorbent processing by chemical oxidation is 62.3%. According at the adsorption thermodynamics, the research indicated that the molding sorbent accord with the adsorption isothermal equation of Freundlich or Langmuir for Cr6+. Through the research about the molding sorbent to Cr6+, the adsorption accord with the second degree adsorption dynamics model.
引文
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3.刘汉初,骆宏卫,邱萍.电镀废水的处理研究[J].环境工程,1997,15(3)：11-12.
4. Bosinco S. Interaction mechanisms between hexavalent chromium and corncob[J]. Environmental Tech-nology,1996,17(1):55.
5.舒情,王红卫,陈银.离子交换纤维在污水处理中的应用[J].化学工业与工程技术,2006,27(6)：41-43.
6. Yang, X. J. Fane, A. G., MacNaughton, S. Remov2al and recovery of heavy metal from wastewaters by supported liquid membranes [J]. Water Science and Technology, 2001(43):341-348.
7. Ozaki, H, Sharma, K, Saktaywin, W. Performance of an ultra-low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane (UIPROM) for separatingheavy metal:effects of interference parameters [J]. Desalination,2002,144:287-294.
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