河北省唐海县地下水流数值模拟研究
|
摘要
我国经济的快速发展以及人口的增长带来了需水量大幅度增加、用水浪费严重、开发利用不当等一系列问题。尤其在北方地区,给本来就缺乏的水资源带来更大的压力,城市化进城的加快与水资源紧张的矛盾已严重制约了我国的城市进城,也制约了我国国民经济的总体发展。河北省唐海县地处冀东滨海平原,地势平缓,北高南低,由于受气候和自然地理条件的影响,北部有31.6km2的地下水全淡区,其余为咸水区。县城工业集中发展,多为耗水量大的企业,导致地下水严重超采,地下水位持续下降。正确评价该区地下水资源量,是科学规划、合理利用地下水资源的前提。
本文利用数值法对研究区进行数值模拟,将研究区的含水层概化为非均质、各向同性、具有越流补给的潜水向承压水过渡的概念模型。选取水文地质勘探与观测资料系列最齐全的2000年1月到2002年6月为模拟期,模拟了该时期全区的地下水文过程,其地下水流场和全区3个长期观测孔的地下水动态曲线的拟合效果较好,模型可信度高。
在唐海县现状社会、经济、人口发展速度的基础上,以校正后的模型预测未来10年的地下水位的变化,以2009年6月为初始时刻预测至2020年,共11个水文年。预测结果表明：到2020年,漏斗区域在逐渐扩大,已经涉及到整个咸水区,唐海城区漏斗与丰南老王庄漏斗在逐渐形成更大的区域漏斗；漏斗中心最大水位埋深已达到70.80m,漏斗边缘最小水位埋深32.00m。
通过收集的资料,本文对研究区分为三部分进行水均衡分析,分别为浅层(咸水区)、浅中层(全淡区)和中层(咸水区),通过各均衡量的计算可知：除浅层咸水因尚无开采使其处于基本均衡状态外,主要开采层处于负均衡状态,区内年平均总负均衡为1074×104m3/a,其中主要开采层负均衡994×104m3/a。
综上所述,由于人为活动导致唐海县地下水系统的补径排条件发生变化,为了保证唐海县水资源的可持续利用和社会经济及生态环境的可持续发展,应严格控制地下水开采,实施相关节水措施。
China's rapid economic development and population growth brought about a significant increase in water demand, water wasted, inappropriate development and utilization of a range of issues.Especially in the northern region on the already scarce water resources to bring more pressure, the acceleration of urbanization and water into the city tense conflicts have seriously hampered our city into the city, but also restricts the overall development of our national economy.Tanghai County, Hebei Province is located in the Coastal Region of East Plain, flat terrain, north to south, due to the impact of climatic and geographical conditions, the groundwater north 31.6km2 full light district, the rest is salt water area. County industrial focus, many large companies for water, resulting in serious overexploitation of groundwater, groundwater level dropped drastically. How to scientific planning and rational use of limited groundwater resources, Xiediao relationship between man and nature, the establishment of a harmonious society, Shi Xian Sustainable development is the important task we are shouldering.
In this paper, numerical method to simulate the study area, the aquifer study area takes into heterogeneous, isotropic, with more flow to the confined water diving supplies a conceptual model of the transition.Hydrogeological exploration and observation of selected data series the most complete in January 2000 to June 2002 for the simulation period of two hydrologic modeling of groundwater in the region's cultural process, the groundwater flow field and the region's three long-term groundwater observation holes well fitted by the dynamic curve simulation is high.Model can be used in the study area of the groundwater flow field as well as predict future changes in groundwater levels and flow field.
In the current situation Tanghai County social, economic and population growth rates based on the calibrated model to predict future changes in groundwater level of 10 years to June 2009 forecast for the initial time to 2020, a total of 11 hydrological years.Predicted results show that:by 2020, gradually expanding funnel region has been involved in the salt water areas, Tang Hai District funnel and funnel Fengnan old Wangzhuang gradually larger area in the funnel; funnel center has reached the maximum depth of water 70.80m, the minimum depth of water funnel edge of 32.00m.
Through the collection of information, the paper is divided into three parts of water balance analysis, were shallow (water area), light middle (full light area) and middle (salt region), were measured through the calculation of conclusion:In addition to the shallow salt water because there is no mining in the basic equilibrium, the main mining level is negative equilibrium, the average total negative balance of the region for the 1074×104m3 /a, where a negative balance of the main mining level 994×104m3/a.
In summary, due to human activities leading to the complement of Tanghai County groundwater runoff and discharge conditions change, in order to ensure the sustainable use of water resources Tanghai County and socio-economic and ecological environment, sustainable development, exploitation of groundwater should be strictly controlled, implementation of measures related to water.
本文利用数值法对研究区进行数值模拟,将研究区的含水层概化为非均质、各向同性、具有越流补给的潜水向承压水过渡的概念模型。选取水文地质勘探与观测资料系列最齐全的2000年1月到2002年6月为模拟期,模拟了该时期全区的地下水文过程,其地下水流场和全区3个长期观测孔的地下水动态曲线的拟合效果较好,模型可信度高。
在唐海县现状社会、经济、人口发展速度的基础上,以校正后的模型预测未来10年的地下水位的变化,以2009年6月为初始时刻预测至2020年,共11个水文年。预测结果表明：到2020年,漏斗区域在逐渐扩大,已经涉及到整个咸水区,唐海城区漏斗与丰南老王庄漏斗在逐渐形成更大的区域漏斗；漏斗中心最大水位埋深已达到70.80m,漏斗边缘最小水位埋深32.00m。
通过收集的资料,本文对研究区分为三部分进行水均衡分析,分别为浅层(咸水区)、浅中层(全淡区)和中层(咸水区),通过各均衡量的计算可知：除浅层咸水因尚无开采使其处于基本均衡状态外,主要开采层处于负均衡状态,区内年平均总负均衡为1074×104m3/a,其中主要开采层负均衡994×104m3/a。
综上所述,由于人为活动导致唐海县地下水系统的补径排条件发生变化,为了保证唐海县水资源的可持续利用和社会经济及生态环境的可持续发展,应严格控制地下水开采,实施相关节水措施。
China's rapid economic development and population growth brought about a significant increase in water demand, water wasted, inappropriate development and utilization of a range of issues.Especially in the northern region on the already scarce water resources to bring more pressure, the acceleration of urbanization and water into the city tense conflicts have seriously hampered our city into the city, but also restricts the overall development of our national economy.Tanghai County, Hebei Province is located in the Coastal Region of East Plain, flat terrain, north to south, due to the impact of climatic and geographical conditions, the groundwater north 31.6km2 full light district, the rest is salt water area. County industrial focus, many large companies for water, resulting in serious overexploitation of groundwater, groundwater level dropped drastically. How to scientific planning and rational use of limited groundwater resources, Xiediao relationship between man and nature, the establishment of a harmonious society, Shi Xian Sustainable development is the important task we are shouldering.
In this paper, numerical method to simulate the study area, the aquifer study area takes into heterogeneous, isotropic, with more flow to the confined water diving supplies a conceptual model of the transition.Hydrogeological exploration and observation of selected data series the most complete in January 2000 to June 2002 for the simulation period of two hydrologic modeling of groundwater in the region's cultural process, the groundwater flow field and the region's three long-term groundwater observation holes well fitted by the dynamic curve simulation is high.Model can be used in the study area of the groundwater flow field as well as predict future changes in groundwater levels and flow field.
In the current situation Tanghai County social, economic and population growth rates based on the calibrated model to predict future changes in groundwater level of 10 years to June 2009 forecast for the initial time to 2020, a total of 11 hydrological years.Predicted results show that:by 2020, gradually expanding funnel region has been involved in the salt water areas, Tang Hai District funnel and funnel Fengnan old Wangzhuang gradually larger area in the funnel; funnel center has reached the maximum depth of water 70.80m, the minimum depth of water funnel edge of 32.00m.
Through the collection of information, the paper is divided into three parts of water balance analysis, were shallow (water area), light middle (full light area) and middle (salt region), were measured through the calculation of conclusion:In addition to the shallow salt water because there is no mining in the basic equilibrium, the main mining level is negative equilibrium, the average total negative balance of the region for the 1074×104m3 /a, where a negative balance of the main mining level 994×104m3/a.
In summary, due to human activities leading to the complement of Tanghai County groundwater runoff and discharge conditions change, in order to ensure the sustainable use of water resources Tanghai County and socio-economic and ecological environment, sustainable development, exploitation of groundwater should be strictly controlled, implementation of measures related to water.
引文
[1]刘强等.唐海县水资源开发利用的主要问题及对策.河北水利水电技术,1999
[2]孙讷正.地下水流的数学模型和数值方法.地质出版社,1981：107-110
[3]薛禹群,谢春红编.水文地质学的数值法.煤炭工业出版社,1980：47-58
[4]薛禹群.地下水动力学原理.地质出版社,1986.12
[5]Bear.J, Hydraulics of Groundwater, McGraw—Hill, New York,1979
[6]Todd.D.K., Ground Water Hydrology, John Wiley, New York and Sons,1980
[7]Deninger.R.A., System analysis of water supply systems, Water Resour. Bull,6(4), 573-579,1970
[8]Lin Lan, Chi Bao-Ming, Wang Peng, Ye Yong. Research on groundwater numerical simulation. College of Environment & Rsources,Ji lin University, Chang Chun,P.R. China
[9]Graham E, Fogg,Steven.Carle, Connected network paradigm for the alluvial aquifer system, Geologica Society of America Special paper 248,2000
[10]李文体,刘向华等.河北省地下水超采区划分及现状分析研究.地下水,2000,6(50-59)
[11]魏林宏,束龙仓,郝振纯.地下水流数值模拟的研究现状和发展趋势.重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2000,9
[12]王大纯,张人权,史毅虹,等.水文地质学基础.地质出版社,1995,6
[13]朱学愚,钱孝星,刘新仁.地下水资源评价.南京：南京大学出版社,1987
[14]Gelhar. L.W, Stochastic subsurface hydrology from theory to application, Water Resources Research,1986,22(9):1208-1348
[15]张宏仁.有限差分法的改进.水文地质工程地质,1994,21(2)：27-30
[16]刘征,温志广.水资源评价方法及决策分析研究——以河北省唐海县为例.水资源保护.2007
[17]冀东油田供水水文地质勘查报告,河北省水文地质大队,1994
[18]黄淮海平原(河北部分)水文地质综合评价地下水资源评价报告,河北省第一水文大队,1985
[19]河北省唐山市地质环境监测报告,河北省地质环境监测总站,1995
[20]Steven. F.Carle, Graham E.Fogg, Transition Probability-Based Indicator Geostatistics, Mathematical Geology,1996,128(4):453-476
[21]Javandel I and Withespoon P A, Applocation of the finite element method to transient flow in porous media, J Soe Petrol Eng,1968,8(3)
[22]Michael GMcDonald and Arlen W.Harbaugh, a modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model,1999
[23]Brigham Young University-Environmental Modeling Research Laboratory, Groundwater Modeling System Tutorials Volume I,2002
[24]SEAM3D:A Numerical Model for Three-Dimensional Solute Transport Coupled to Sequential Electron Acceptor-Based Biological Reactions in Groundwater, US Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station Environmental Laboratory,2002
[25]卢文喜.地下水运动数值模拟过程中边界条件问题探讨.水利学报,2003,(3)：33-36
[26]李文体,刘向华等.河北省地下水超采区划分及现状分析研究.地下水,2000,6(50-59)
[27]傅泽周,郭东平,张石峰等著.地下水资源评价方法研究及其应用.地质出版社.1992.1
[28]丁继红等.国外地下水模拟软件的发展现状与趋势[J].堪察科学技术,2002,1：37-42
[29]陈喜,陈沟洪.美国snadHills地区地下水数值模拟及水量平衡分析(J).水科学进展.2004,15(2),94—98
[30]陈崇希,唐仲华.地下水流动问题数值方法.北京：中国地质大学出版社,1990
[31]张顺联.地下水资源计算与评价.北京：水利电力出版社,1990.
[32]洪世华.城市水资源评价及开发利用。天津：河海大学出版社,1988
[33]AnonI),2000. VisualMODFLOW V.2.8.2user's manual for professional applicationsin three-dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling. Ontario:Waterloo HydrogeologieInc
[34]吴剑锋,朱学愚,2000.由MODFLIOW浅谈地下水流数值模拟软件的发展趋势工程勘察,(2)：12—15
[35]张宏仁,1993.偏微分方程数值法在地学应用中的对比分析.地质学报,(3)：260—274
[36]McDonald M G, Harbaugh A W,1998. A modular three-dimensional finite-difference groundwaterflow model. Ontario:W aterloo HydrogeologieInc
[37]王宏,娄华君,邹立芝.2003,Modflow在华北平原区地下水库模拟中的应用[J].世界地质,22(1)：69—72
[38]徐恒力.2001.水资源开发与保护.北京：地质出版社
[39]薛禹群,吴吉春,谢春红等.1997.莱州湾沿岸海水入侵与咸水入侵研究[J].科学通报,42(22)：2360—361
[40]王晓梅,朱国荣.苏锡常地区主采层地下水流数值模拟[J].水文地质工程地质, 2003(1)：26
[41]马传明,宁立波,王现国,彭涛.中牟县浅层地下水资源评价.水文,2007(3)：80-84
[42]陈崇希,林敏,方淑镇,等.河南省宜阳县韩城勘探区地下水资源评价[EB／CD].武汉：中国地质大学(武汉)水文地质及工程地质系,1989
[43]陈崇希.地下水不稳定井流计算方法[M].北京：地质出版社,1983
[44]陈崇希.地下水不稳定井流计算方法[M].北京：地质出版社,1983
[45]许兆义.包气带水文地质专论[M].北京：地震出版社,1993
[46]Sukhija B S. Groundwater recharge in semi-aird regions of India:An overview of result obtained usign traces [J]. Hydrogeology Journal,1996,4(3):50-71
[47]万洪涛.地理信息系统与水文模型集成研究述评[J].水科学进展,2001,12(4)：560—568
[48]陈家琦,王浩,杨小柳著.水资源学.2005,1
[49]陈梦熊.城市水资源的合理利用与可持续发展[J].地质通报.2003,22(8)：551—557
[50]赵冬泉,贾海峰,郭茹,龙赢,程声通.图片资料的矢量和栅格处理方法比较[J].测绘通报.2003,3：57-5
[51]薛禹群,吴吉春,谢春红等.1997.莱州湾沿岸海水入侵与咸水入侵研究[J].科学通报,42(22)：2360—361
[52]朱学愚,谢春红.1990.地下水运移模型[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,29—150
[53]张永波.2001.水工环研究的现状与趋势[M].北京：地质出版社
[54]张建中,李群.水资源系统摸拟模型及其应用[J].水利水电技术.1998,7：39—43
[2]孙讷正.地下水流的数学模型和数值方法.地质出版社,1981：107-110
[3]薛禹群,谢春红编.水文地质学的数值法.煤炭工业出版社,1980：47-58
[4]薛禹群.地下水动力学原理.地质出版社,1986.12
[5]Bear.J, Hydraulics of Groundwater, McGraw—Hill, New York,1979
[6]Todd.D.K., Ground Water Hydrology, John Wiley, New York and Sons,1980
[7]Deninger.R.A., System analysis of water supply systems, Water Resour. Bull,6(4), 573-579,1970
[8]Lin Lan, Chi Bao-Ming, Wang Peng, Ye Yong. Research on groundwater numerical simulation. College of Environment & Rsources,Ji lin University, Chang Chun,P.R. China
[9]Graham E, Fogg,Steven.Carle, Connected network paradigm for the alluvial aquifer system, Geologica Society of America Special paper 248,2000
[10]李文体,刘向华等.河北省地下水超采区划分及现状分析研究.地下水,2000,6(50-59)
[11]魏林宏,束龙仓,郝振纯.地下水流数值模拟的研究现状和发展趋势.重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2000,9
[12]王大纯,张人权,史毅虹,等.水文地质学基础.地质出版社,1995,6
[13]朱学愚,钱孝星,刘新仁.地下水资源评价.南京：南京大学出版社,1987
[14]Gelhar. L.W, Stochastic subsurface hydrology from theory to application, Water Resources Research,1986,22(9):1208-1348
[15]张宏仁.有限差分法的改进.水文地质工程地质,1994,21(2)：27-30
[16]刘征,温志广.水资源评价方法及决策分析研究——以河北省唐海县为例.水资源保护.2007
[17]冀东油田供水水文地质勘查报告,河北省水文地质大队,1994
[18]黄淮海平原(河北部分)水文地质综合评价地下水资源评价报告,河北省第一水文大队,1985
[19]河北省唐山市地质环境监测报告,河北省地质环境监测总站,1995
[20]Steven. F.Carle, Graham E.Fogg, Transition Probability-Based Indicator Geostatistics, Mathematical Geology,1996,128(4):453-476
[21]Javandel I and Withespoon P A, Applocation of the finite element method to transient flow in porous media, J Soe Petrol Eng,1968,8(3)
[22]Michael GMcDonald and Arlen W.Harbaugh, a modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model,1999
[23]Brigham Young University-Environmental Modeling Research Laboratory, Groundwater Modeling System Tutorials Volume I,2002
[24]SEAM3D:A Numerical Model for Three-Dimensional Solute Transport Coupled to Sequential Electron Acceptor-Based Biological Reactions in Groundwater, US Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station Environmental Laboratory,2002
[25]卢文喜.地下水运动数值模拟过程中边界条件问题探讨.水利学报,2003,(3)：33-36
[26]李文体,刘向华等.河北省地下水超采区划分及现状分析研究.地下水,2000,6(50-59)
[27]傅泽周,郭东平,张石峰等著.地下水资源评价方法研究及其应用.地质出版社.1992.1
[28]丁继红等.国外地下水模拟软件的发展现状与趋势[J].堪察科学技术,2002,1：37-42
[29]陈喜,陈沟洪.美国snadHills地区地下水数值模拟及水量平衡分析(J).水科学进展.2004,15(2),94—98
[30]陈崇希,唐仲华.地下水流动问题数值方法.北京：中国地质大学出版社,1990
[31]张顺联.地下水资源计算与评价.北京：水利电力出版社,1990.
[32]洪世华.城市水资源评价及开发利用。天津：河海大学出版社,1988
[33]AnonI),2000. VisualMODFLOW V.2.8.2user's manual for professional applicationsin three-dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling. Ontario:Waterloo HydrogeologieInc
[34]吴剑锋,朱学愚,2000.由MODFLIOW浅谈地下水流数值模拟软件的发展趋势工程勘察,(2)：12—15
[35]张宏仁,1993.偏微分方程数值法在地学应用中的对比分析.地质学报,(3)：260—274
[36]McDonald M G, Harbaugh A W,1998. A modular three-dimensional finite-difference groundwaterflow model. Ontario:W aterloo HydrogeologieInc
[37]王宏,娄华君,邹立芝.2003,Modflow在华北平原区地下水库模拟中的应用[J].世界地质,22(1)：69—72
[38]徐恒力.2001.水资源开发与保护.北京：地质出版社
[39]薛禹群,吴吉春,谢春红等.1997.莱州湾沿岸海水入侵与咸水入侵研究[J].科学通报,42(22)：2360—361
[40]王晓梅,朱国荣.苏锡常地区主采层地下水流数值模拟[J].水文地质工程地质, 2003(1)：26
[41]马传明,宁立波,王现国,彭涛.中牟县浅层地下水资源评价.水文,2007(3)：80-84
[42]陈崇希,林敏,方淑镇,等.河南省宜阳县韩城勘探区地下水资源评价[EB／CD].武汉：中国地质大学(武汉)水文地质及工程地质系,1989
[43]陈崇希.地下水不稳定井流计算方法[M].北京：地质出版社,1983
[44]陈崇希.地下水不稳定井流计算方法[M].北京：地质出版社,1983
[45]许兆义.包气带水文地质专论[M].北京：地震出版社,1993
[46]Sukhija B S. Groundwater recharge in semi-aird regions of India:An overview of result obtained usign traces [J]. Hydrogeology Journal,1996,4(3):50-71
[47]万洪涛.地理信息系统与水文模型集成研究述评[J].水科学进展,2001,12(4)：560—568
[48]陈家琦,王浩,杨小柳著.水资源学.2005,1
[49]陈梦熊.城市水资源的合理利用与可持续发展[J].地质通报.2003,22(8)：551—557
[50]赵冬泉,贾海峰,郭茹,龙赢,程声通.图片资料的矢量和栅格处理方法比较[J].测绘通报.2003,3：57-5
[51]薛禹群,吴吉春,谢春红等.1997.莱州湾沿岸海水入侵与咸水入侵研究[J].科学通报,42(22)：2360—361
[52]朱学愚,谢春红.1990.地下水运移模型[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,29—150
[53]张永波.2001.水工环研究的现状与趋势[M].北京：地质出版社
[54]张建中,李群.水资源系统摸拟模型及其应用[J].水利水电技术.1998,7：39—43