地下水超采区管理评估体系建设
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
地下水作为我国生产、生活重要的供水水源,对我国饮水安全、粮食安全、经济安全和生态安全发挥了十分重要的作用。然而,长期以来对地下水资源不合理的开采,造成部分地区严重超采,形成了大面积区域性降落漏斗,部分地区已面临地下水源枯竭的威胁。由于超采地下水,引发地面沉降、海(咸)水入侵、生态恶化等一系列地质环境问题,给社会经济发展和人民生活带来了严重威胁。
     我国超采区划分管理工作已经开展十余年,由于缺少地下水超采区管理导则及超采区管理评估的具体办法,国家对超采区治理进展及成效未能全面掌握、超采区管理措施及经验也未进行系统评估和总结,这种状况不利于全面推动超采区的治理工作。因此,全面了解超采区管理现状及存在问题、建立相对科学的超采区管理评估体系,对加强地下水超采区治理和地下水管理具有重要意义。
     本文系统的总结了全国典型超采区的划定过程、治理措施。在此基础上,根据超采区管理所涉及的各个阶段,从超采区的监测体系建设、治理措施、治理成效三个层面构建超采区管理评估体系。对典型地区的监测体系建设、治理措施方面进行定性评价并给出相应建议,对治理成效采用定量评估方式来反映超采区的变化趋势。力求真实反映超采区治理工作现状,以及对超采区管理工作进行总结及分析。
     最后将所建立的评估指标体系应用于河北省、江苏苏锡常地区管理评估。对河北省和江苏苏锡常地区超采区的监测体系建设、治理措施进行了定性的分析并给出了相应的建议,对其治理成效进行定量评估分值分别为64分、99分。从评估过程和结果来看,我国超采区管理目前还处于薄弱阶段。建议完善监测体系等基础性建设,其次出台超采区管理规范性法规制度来进一步加强超采区的管理,使得我国地下水资源得到切实有效的保护。
As the main supply source of our country’s industrial and living water, thegroundwater plays an essential role in ensuring the security of our drinking water,food, economy and also ecology. However, due to the long-term unreasonableexploitation, large areas of regional depression cones have been formed, and thegroundwater in some districts is in the danger of depletion. The overexploitation ofthe groundwater has caused a series of geologic environment problems such as landsubsidence, seawater intrusion and ecological deterioration, which brought seriousthreats to social and economic development as well as human life.
     It has been over a decade since the classification and management were carriedout in the overexploitation districts in our country. Yet due to a lack of themanagement guidelines and specific measures, people are still not able to master therectification progress and the corresponding effects thoroughly, meanwhile themanagement measures and experiences are not under systematical evaluation andreview. The very condition may militate against the treatment work of these districts.Hence, having a comprehensible understanding of the present management situationwith the existing problems, and also establishing the relatively scientific evaluationsystems are of great significance to enhance the treatment of the overexploitationdistricts and the management of the groundwater.
     The thesis makes a systematic summary of the division process, as well as thetreatment measures of some typical overexploitation districts. And based on thephases involved in the management, an evaluation system is formed from three levelssuch as the construction of monitoring system, the treatment measures and thetreatment effects. At the meantime, it provides a qualitative evaluation of theconstructive monitoring system and the treatment measures in the typical districts andoffers the corresponding suggestions. Then it reflects the variation trend of thetreatment effect by adopting a quantitative evaluation system. The purpose of which isto adequately report the present treatment progress in the overexploitation areas, andto make a summary and analysis of the management work.
     At last, the thesis sets out an assessment of overexploitation to Hebei Provinceand Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou district of Jiangsu Province based on the builtevaluation index system. It provides a qualitative analysis of the construction of themonitoring system and treatment measures of these two districts and meanwhile gives some suggestions. And the quantitative evaluation score for the treatment effect is64and99respectively. From the assessing process and the results, it can be seen that ourcountry is still weak in handling the exploitation districts. Thus it is highly advisableto perfect the basic constructions such as the monitoring system, and also to enactsome regulations with the purpose of further strengthening the management of theoverexploitation districts and then keeping the groundwater sources under feasibleconservation.
引文
Amin,A.and Bankller,K.Causes of land subsidence in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.NaturalHazards,1997,16:57-63
    Brown L J,Dravid P N,Hudson N A,Taylor C B.Sustainable groundwater resources,Heretaunga Plains,Hawke,s Bay New Zealand.Hydrogeology Journal,1999,(7):440-453
    Chen,C.X,Pei,S.P.and Jiao,J.J.Land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitationin Suzhou City China.Hydrogeology,2003,11:275-287
    CHEN Z,GRASBYS E,OSADETZK G.Relation between climate variability and groundwaterlevels in the upper carbonate aquifer,southern Manitoba,Canada.Journal ofHydrology,2004,290(1):43-62
    Cowdary V M,Rao N H,Sarma P B S.GIS-based decision support system for groundwaterassessment in large irrigation project areas.Agriculture Water Management,2003,62:229-252
    Daito K.,M.Mizuno,K.Ueshita.Control of groundwater withdrawal for Preventing landsubsidence in the Owari Plain,Japan,USA Houston:Proceedings of the fourthinternational symposium on land subsidence.IAHS Publ,1991
    Environment Agency, UK, Policy and Practice for the Protection ofGroundwater.Environment Agency,UK,2007
    Hugo A Laiciga,Roy B LeiPnik.Theory of Sustainable Groundwater Management:a urbancase study.Urban Water,2001,3:217-228
    Karen G Villholth.Groundwater assessment and management: implications andopportunities of globalization.Hydrogeology Journal,2006,14(3):330-339
    Li,C.J.,Tang,X.M.and Ma,T.H.Land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitationin the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain,China.Hydrogeology Joumal,2006,14:1652-1665
    Miehael G Medonald, Arlen W harbaugn.Modflow.2009.http://www.modflow.com/modflow/modflow.html
    Product overview.Waterloo hydrogeologic.2005.http://www.modflow.com/.2005
    Shi,X.Q,Xue,YQ,Ye,et al.Characterization of land subsidence induced by groundwaterwithdrawals in Su-Xi-Chang area,China.Environmental Geology,2007,52:27-41
    William M.Alley.Sustainability of Ground-Water Resources MJ.USGS Circular1186,Denver,Colorado,1999
    Wu Qiang,DongDong-lin,Wu Gang,et al.Professional visual software-visual mudflowof water resource assessment and applieable potent.Hydrogeology and EngineeringGeology,1999,26(5):21-23
    崔涛.甘肃省地下水超采区环境地质问题与保护对策.地下水,2011,33(3):82-84
    崔新华,许志荣.河南省主要城市地下水超采区评价.水资源保护,2008,24(6):17-27
    陈黎.苏州水资源可持续利用研究:[硕士学位论文].南京林业大学,2008
    郭丽君.基于和谐论的水资源管理理论方法及应用研究:[硕士学位论文].郑州大学,2011
    高正夏,龚友平.地下水资源超采的分类探讨.河海大学学报,1999,27(6):61-63
    关锋.地下水资源管理工作评估体系研究:[硕士学位论文].郑州大学,2010
    胡建平.苏锡常地区地下水禁采后的地面沉降效应研究:[博士学位论文].南京大学,2011
    惠泱河,蒋晓辉,黄强等.水资源承载力评价指标体系研究.水土保持通报,2001,2(11):30-34
    金蕾,方瑞,乐峰.禁采对苏锡常地区地面沉降的影响分析.工程地质学报,2005,13(增刊):15-20
    江苏省水利厅.关于在苏锡常地区限期禁止开采地下水的决定.2010
    李巍,贾永芳,刘向华等.河北省水资源保护问题及对策初探.河海水利,2010,4:14-15
    李文体,刘向华,冯谦诚.河北省地下水超采区划分及现状分析研究.地下水,2000,22(2):50-54
    林柞顶.我国地下水开发利用状况及其分析.水文,2004,24(1):18-21
    刘明柱.GIS在区域地下水资源评价中的应用.水利学报.2002,1:52-55
    雷保军,边文辉,于莲.河北省地下水资源管理现状分析与对策研究.南水北调与水利科技,2006,4:102-104
    缪晓图,朱兴贤,陆美兰等.苏锡常地区Ⅱ承压水开采与地面沉降控制研究.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2007,18(2):132-139
    缪晓图.苏州城市规划区孔隙Ⅱ承压水开采与地面沉降预防控制研究.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004,15(3):5-59
    刘绿柳.水源脆弱性及其定量评价.水土保持通报,2002,22(2):41-44
    乔世珊.加强我国地下水超采区治理的对策和建议.中国水利,2008,23:37-39.
    桑助来,张平平.政府绩效评估体系浮出水面.瞭望,2004,(29):24
    水利部水资源管理中心.我国地下水超采区的现状和发展趋势研究.2011
    谭建伟.构建基于发展目标的高校教师关键绩效指标(KPI)体系研究.重庆工学院学报(社会科学),2009,23(4):31-36
    汪珊,张彤,黄大英等.北京市地下水合理开发与保护.中国水利技术信息中心,2009,地下水专刊:52-56
    王玉军.苏锡常地面沉降对环境的危害及控制研究:[硕士学位论文].南京农业,2006
    俞俊英,李勤奋,乔坚强.上海市地下水超采现状及防范措施.地下水,2000,22(4):143-146.
    于莲.加强地下水管理促进水生态恢复.河北水利,2005,6
    左其亭,王丽.资源节约型社会评价方法及应用研究.资源科学,2008,30(3):409-414
    左其亭,周可法,夏军等.干旱区流域可持续水资源管理量化.中国科学D辑地球科学,2006,36(增刊11):9-14
    左其亭,窦明.地下水资源管理工作评价指标体系研究,2009
    张建成.地下水超采区水资源开发利用中几个问题的浅议.地下水,2005,27(2):118-120
    朱玉仙,黄义星,王丽杰.水资源可持续开发利用综合评价方法.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2002,32(l):55-57
    张毅婷.浅析我国地下水超采区管理法律制度.2006年全国环境资源法学研讨会(年会)论文集,北京:1572-1576
    郑丽芝.岩溶泉域水资源管理与保护评价指标体系研究:[硕士学位论文].中国地质大学(北京),2010
    张敏.基于GMS的地下水开采优化方案研究—以苏锡常地区地下水开采为例:[硕士学位论文].南京师范大学,2008
    中华人民共和国水利部. SL286-2003.地下水超采区评价导则.北京:中国水利水电出版社出版,2003-5-12

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700