榆神府矿区主采煤层赋存规律及煤炭开采对水资源影响分析
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摘要
为了摸清榆神府矿区煤层赋存的基本特征及其影响因素,指导该能源化工基地的煤炭生产及未来矿区建设,本文应用趋势分析法研究了神北矿区5-2煤层和榆神矿区2-2煤层的赋存特征及其底板高程变化规律,分析了矿区内断层和褶皱的发育规律及其对煤矿生产的影响程度。最后研究了榆神矿区采煤对水资源的影响。提出了保水采煤的对策。
本文研究结果显示:神北矿区5-2煤层厚度变化为东厚西薄、南北厚中部薄,在北端的前石畔井田中部煤层尖灭,石圪台井田该煤层缺失,在矿区南部的红柳林井田和北部大柳塔井田形成两个厚煤区;该区5-2煤层底板高程呈现出东高西低,南北高中部低的整体变化规律;发现神北矿区该煤层厚度变化与其底板高程有一定正相关关系。榆神矿区2-2煤层厚度的整体变化趋势整体呈现东南厚,西北薄。在矿区东南角的榆树湾井田形成一个富煤中心。榆神矿区2-2煤层底板的变化趋势为由东到西逐渐降低。这些煤层厚度变化特征都受到了古基底地貌和同沉积构造的控制。神北矿区发育有少量断层和宽缓褶皱,榆神矿区尚未发现大的断层,地层仅有宽缓的波状起伏,全区没有岩浆侵入;神北矿区的地质构造较榆神矿区稍复杂,但构造对采煤的影响程度不大。榆神矿区的大保当区东部榆树湾和西湾一带采煤引起的导水裂隙带可能会波及到粘土隔水层和萨拉乌苏组含水层,导致浅层地下水渗漏,形成采煤失水区;北部有一区域无萨拉乌苏组分布,成为无水区;榆树湾井田以西可以保水采煤,但生产过程中最好再采取保水措施,确保安全。
Objective to find out the basic occurrence characteristics and its influencing factors, to guide the coal production and the future construction in the Yushenfu coal mining area, the occurrence characteristics and the change law of floor elevation about 5~(-2) coal seam in northern mining area of shaanxi and 2~(-2) coal seam in Yushen mining area are researched by means of trends analysis method which based on a large number of borehole (logging) data. The coal seam thickness contour map, coal seam thickness trends map, coal seam thickness residual map, floor counter map, floor elevation change trends map, floor elevation trends residual map are made by the surfer software. The distribution characteristics and influence factors of coal-rich and coal-thin areas are found by finding out global change trends and local abnormal of coal thickness. The developmental law and influence to mine production of faults and folds are researched. The distribution characteristics and thickness change of clay aquifuge be made up of Salawusu (Q_(3s)) aquifers and Lishi loess (Q_(2L)) and Hipparion clay (N_(2b)) which are important to surface eco-environment in Yushen mining area is studied finally. This region is divided into three parts-water preservation, water loss and no-water, by means of comparing the greatest development height of transmissive fissure zones according to the coal seam thickness with the strata thickness change between the impermeable layer and the main coal seam roof, which is to propose countermeasure to water protection mining.
This article shows that: 5~(-2) coal seam thickness change in northern mining area of shaanxi is east thick, west thin, north and south thick, middle thin, the central of Qian Shipan in most north pinch-out, Shi Getai mine field loss, Hong Liulin in southern mine area and Da Liuta in northern forming two coal-rich area; The global change law of 5~(-2) coal seam floor elevation shows east high and west low, and south and north high and central low. This coal seam thickness change has a positive correlation with floor elevation. The global change trend of 2~(-2) coal seam in the Yushen coal mining area is southeast thick and northwest thin, Yu Shuwan in southeast angle of the mining area forms a rich coal center. And this coal seam floor elevation shows gradually decreased from east to west. These thickness change characteristics of coal seam are controlled by the ancient basis terrain and the sedimentary structure. There are few faults and fold in northern mining area of shaanxi, but in Yushen mining area, there are no large fault to be found and no magma rush into whole area, and its strata only has width and sustained undulation. So the geologic structure of the front is few complexes than the later, but the structure has little influence to coal mining. The water loss region results from shallow groundwater’s lead when transmissive fissure zones of Yu Shuwan and XiWan of the eastern Da Baodang region in YuShen mining area is possibly able to affect to the clay aquiclude; The no-water region results from no distribution of Salawusu aquifers; Other regions is the water preservation, but the necessary measure must be take to guarantee the security in the production process.
本文研究结果显示:神北矿区5-2煤层厚度变化为东厚西薄、南北厚中部薄,在北端的前石畔井田中部煤层尖灭,石圪台井田该煤层缺失,在矿区南部的红柳林井田和北部大柳塔井田形成两个厚煤区;该区5-2煤层底板高程呈现出东高西低,南北高中部低的整体变化规律;发现神北矿区该煤层厚度变化与其底板高程有一定正相关关系。榆神矿区2-2煤层厚度的整体变化趋势整体呈现东南厚,西北薄。在矿区东南角的榆树湾井田形成一个富煤中心。榆神矿区2-2煤层底板的变化趋势为由东到西逐渐降低。这些煤层厚度变化特征都受到了古基底地貌和同沉积构造的控制。神北矿区发育有少量断层和宽缓褶皱,榆神矿区尚未发现大的断层,地层仅有宽缓的波状起伏,全区没有岩浆侵入;神北矿区的地质构造较榆神矿区稍复杂,但构造对采煤的影响程度不大。榆神矿区的大保当区东部榆树湾和西湾一带采煤引起的导水裂隙带可能会波及到粘土隔水层和萨拉乌苏组含水层,导致浅层地下水渗漏,形成采煤失水区;北部有一区域无萨拉乌苏组分布,成为无水区;榆树湾井田以西可以保水采煤,但生产过程中最好再采取保水措施,确保安全。
Objective to find out the basic occurrence characteristics and its influencing factors, to guide the coal production and the future construction in the Yushenfu coal mining area, the occurrence characteristics and the change law of floor elevation about 5~(-2) coal seam in northern mining area of shaanxi and 2~(-2) coal seam in Yushen mining area are researched by means of trends analysis method which based on a large number of borehole (logging) data. The coal seam thickness contour map, coal seam thickness trends map, coal seam thickness residual map, floor counter map, floor elevation change trends map, floor elevation trends residual map are made by the surfer software. The distribution characteristics and influence factors of coal-rich and coal-thin areas are found by finding out global change trends and local abnormal of coal thickness. The developmental law and influence to mine production of faults and folds are researched. The distribution characteristics and thickness change of clay aquifuge be made up of Salawusu (Q_(3s)) aquifers and Lishi loess (Q_(2L)) and Hipparion clay (N_(2b)) which are important to surface eco-environment in Yushen mining area is studied finally. This region is divided into three parts-water preservation, water loss and no-water, by means of comparing the greatest development height of transmissive fissure zones according to the coal seam thickness with the strata thickness change between the impermeable layer and the main coal seam roof, which is to propose countermeasure to water protection mining.
This article shows that: 5~(-2) coal seam thickness change in northern mining area of shaanxi is east thick, west thin, north and south thick, middle thin, the central of Qian Shipan in most north pinch-out, Shi Getai mine field loss, Hong Liulin in southern mine area and Da Liuta in northern forming two coal-rich area; The global change law of 5~(-2) coal seam floor elevation shows east high and west low, and south and north high and central low. This coal seam thickness change has a positive correlation with floor elevation. The global change trend of 2~(-2) coal seam in the Yushen coal mining area is southeast thick and northwest thin, Yu Shuwan in southeast angle of the mining area forms a rich coal center. And this coal seam floor elevation shows gradually decreased from east to west. These thickness change characteristics of coal seam are controlled by the ancient basis terrain and the sedimentary structure. There are few faults and fold in northern mining area of shaanxi, but in Yushen mining area, there are no large fault to be found and no magma rush into whole area, and its strata only has width and sustained undulation. So the geologic structure of the front is few complexes than the later, but the structure has little influence to coal mining. The water loss region results from shallow groundwater’s lead when transmissive fissure zones of Yu Shuwan and XiWan of the eastern Da Baodang region in YuShen mining area is possibly able to affect to the clay aquiclude; The no-water region results from no distribution of Salawusu aquifers; Other regions is the water preservation, but the necessary measure must be take to guarantee the security in the production process.
引文
[1]范立民.陕北能源重化工基地建设中的水资源问题.国土资源科技管理,2005.22 (5):17～21.
[2]中国煤田地质总局.中国聚煤作用系统分析.中国矿业大学出版社,2001.5.
[3]李思田,程守田等.鄂尔多斯盆地东北部层序地层及沉积体系分析.北京.地质出版社,1992.11.
[4]A. Gandhe, V. Venkateswarlu, and R. N. Gupta. Extraction of Coal Under a Surface Water Body – a Strata Control Investigation. Rock Mech. Rock Engng.2005,38(5): 399~410.
[5]李增学,魏久传,刘莹.煤地质学.北京:地质出版社,2005.1.
[6]黄克兴,夏玉成.构造控煤论.北京:煤炭工业出版社.1991.5.
[7]李恒堂,吕志发.鄂尔多斯盆地延安组控煤古构造趋势分析.煤田地质与勘探,1995,24(5):5～9.
[8]郭金运,韩李涛,薛怀军等.基于钻孔煤层赋存可视化的实现.山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,22(4):15～17.
[9]范立民,杨宏科.神木北部矿区浅部煤层的赋存特征及影响因素.煤田地质与勘探,1999,27(3).
[10]陈陇刚,陈磊,等. 陕北侏罗纪煤田神府矿区含煤地层及煤层的重新厘定划分.山西地质,2005,23(1):70～77.
[11] Stefan Kaden and Michael Schramm.Control model Spree/Schwarze Elster—a tool to optimise rehabilitation of water resources in the Lusatian mining district.Landscape and Urban Planning, Volume 51, Issues 2-4, 15 October 2000, Pages 101~108.
[12]李文平,叶贵钧等.陕北榆神府矿区保水采煤工程地质条件研究.煤炭学报,2000,25(5):449～454.
[13]范立民,蒋泽泉.烧变岩地下水的形成及保水采煤新思路.煤炭工程,2006,4:40～41.
[14]师本强,侯忠杰.陕北榆神府矿区保水采煤方法研究.煤炭工程,2006,1:63～65.
[15]夏玉成.构造环境对煤矿区采动损害的控制机理研究[学位论文].西安:西安科技大学,2003.5.
[16]夏玉成.构造环境对煤矿区地表环境灾害的控制作用.煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(2):18～20.
[17]姚建明等,陕北煤炭资源勘探面临的问题.陕晋冀煤炭学会地质测量专业学术研讨会论文集.2006,25～27.
[18]夏玉成,陈练武,薛喜成.地学信息数字化技术概论.陕西:陕西科学技术出版社,2003.
[19]陕西省煤田地质局一八五队.陕西省陕北侏罗纪煤田神木北部矿区详查地质报告.榆林:1987.
[20]陈贵仁,姜志,方孙洪泉. 煤田构造预测中的数学地质方法.辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),1998,17(4):367～372.
[21]刘志刚.煤矿构造学.北京:世界图书出版公司,1990.
[22]张宏敏,毛政利,朱宝训.煤层底板等高线图上的构造分析.煤炭技术,2006,25(8):103～104.
[23]Shen Shihua Coal-mining technology in China Energy, Volume 11, Issues 11～12, November-December 1986, Pages 1141~1145
[24]杨忠, 陕北神木北部矿区构造发育规律研究[学位论文].西安:西安科技大学,2007.
[25]陕西省煤田地质局一八五队.陕西省陕北侏罗纪煤田榆神矿区金鸡滩井田勘探地质报告.2003.
[26]陕西省煤田地质局一八五队.陕西省陕北侏罗纪煤田榆神榆树湾井田勘探地质报告.2001.
[27]陕西省煤田地质局一八五队.陕西省陕北侏罗纪煤田榆神矿区大保当井田(扩大)勘探地质报告.2006.
[28]王恩营.煤炭开采中小断层研究的几个问题.中国矿业,2006,15(8):60～62.
[29]王继承.井田构造变化规律及其对煤层开采的影响.煤矿开采(增刊),2002,52,:5～6.
[30]曹代勇,刘钦甫.超化井田二 1 煤层厚度变化规律定量研究.煤田地质与勘探.1998.26(5):28～32.
[31]高文华,周利华.趋势面分析在洪山殿矿区构造和厚煤带分布研究中的应用,湖南地质,1997,16(3):197～201.
[32]黄跃年,张月平.趋势面分析在新安矿煤厚分析中的应用,煤,1995,4(1):44～46.
[33]邵震杰,任文忠等.煤田地质学.北京:煤炭工业出版社.1993.3
[34]Mao Bai and D. Elsworth.Some aspects of mining under aquifers in China.Mining Science and Technology, Volume, Issue, January 1990, 10 (1):81~91.
[35]叶贵钧等.陕北榆神府矿区煤炭资源开发主要水工环问题及防治对策.工程地质学报.2000,8(4):446～455
[36]范立民,蒋泽泉.榆神矿区资源赋存特征及保水采煤问题探讨.西部探矿工程.2003,80(1): 73～74.
[37]Jincai Zhang.Investigations of water inrushes from aquifers under coal seams.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences , 2005 42 (3):350~360.
[38]范立民,蒋泽泉,许开仓.榆神矿区强松散含水层下采煤隔水岩组特性的研究.中国煤田地质,2003,15(4):25～30.
[39]范立民.论保水采煤问题.煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(5):50～53.
[40]Jincai Zhang, Baohong Shen. Coal mining under aquifers in China: a case study. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences 2004,41, 629~639.
[2]中国煤田地质总局.中国聚煤作用系统分析.中国矿业大学出版社,2001.5.
[3]李思田,程守田等.鄂尔多斯盆地东北部层序地层及沉积体系分析.北京.地质出版社,1992.11.
[4]A. Gandhe, V. Venkateswarlu, and R. N. Gupta. Extraction of Coal Under a Surface Water Body – a Strata Control Investigation. Rock Mech. Rock Engng.2005,38(5): 399~410.
[5]李增学,魏久传,刘莹.煤地质学.北京:地质出版社,2005.1.
[6]黄克兴,夏玉成.构造控煤论.北京:煤炭工业出版社.1991.5.
[7]李恒堂,吕志发.鄂尔多斯盆地延安组控煤古构造趋势分析.煤田地质与勘探,1995,24(5):5～9.
[8]郭金运,韩李涛,薛怀军等.基于钻孔煤层赋存可视化的实现.山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,22(4):15～17.
[9]范立民,杨宏科.神木北部矿区浅部煤层的赋存特征及影响因素.煤田地质与勘探,1999,27(3).
[10]陈陇刚,陈磊,等. 陕北侏罗纪煤田神府矿区含煤地层及煤层的重新厘定划分.山西地质,2005,23(1):70～77.
[11] Stefan Kaden and Michael Schramm.Control model Spree/Schwarze Elster—a tool to optimise rehabilitation of water resources in the Lusatian mining district.Landscape and Urban Planning, Volume 51, Issues 2-4, 15 October 2000, Pages 101~108.
[12]李文平,叶贵钧等.陕北榆神府矿区保水采煤工程地质条件研究.煤炭学报,2000,25(5):449～454.
[13]范立民,蒋泽泉.烧变岩地下水的形成及保水采煤新思路.煤炭工程,2006,4:40～41.
[14]师本强,侯忠杰.陕北榆神府矿区保水采煤方法研究.煤炭工程,2006,1:63～65.
[15]夏玉成.构造环境对煤矿区采动损害的控制机理研究[学位论文].西安:西安科技大学,2003.5.
[16]夏玉成.构造环境对煤矿区地表环境灾害的控制作用.煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(2):18～20.
[17]姚建明等,陕北煤炭资源勘探面临的问题.陕晋冀煤炭学会地质测量专业学术研讨会论文集.2006,25～27.
[18]夏玉成,陈练武,薛喜成.地学信息数字化技术概论.陕西:陕西科学技术出版社,2003.
[19]陕西省煤田地质局一八五队.陕西省陕北侏罗纪煤田神木北部矿区详查地质报告.榆林:1987.
[20]陈贵仁,姜志,方孙洪泉. 煤田构造预测中的数学地质方法.辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),1998,17(4):367～372.
[21]刘志刚.煤矿构造学.北京:世界图书出版公司,1990.
[22]张宏敏,毛政利,朱宝训.煤层底板等高线图上的构造分析.煤炭技术,2006,25(8):103～104.
[23]Shen Shihua Coal-mining technology in China Energy, Volume 11, Issues 11～12, November-December 1986, Pages 1141~1145
[24]杨忠, 陕北神木北部矿区构造发育规律研究[学位论文].西安:西安科技大学,2007.
[25]陕西省煤田地质局一八五队.陕西省陕北侏罗纪煤田榆神矿区金鸡滩井田勘探地质报告.2003.
[26]陕西省煤田地质局一八五队.陕西省陕北侏罗纪煤田榆神榆树湾井田勘探地质报告.2001.
[27]陕西省煤田地质局一八五队.陕西省陕北侏罗纪煤田榆神矿区大保当井田(扩大)勘探地质报告.2006.
[28]王恩营.煤炭开采中小断层研究的几个问题.中国矿业,2006,15(8):60～62.
[29]王继承.井田构造变化规律及其对煤层开采的影响.煤矿开采(增刊),2002,52,:5～6.
[30]曹代勇,刘钦甫.超化井田二 1 煤层厚度变化规律定量研究.煤田地质与勘探.1998.26(5):28～32.
[31]高文华,周利华.趋势面分析在洪山殿矿区构造和厚煤带分布研究中的应用,湖南地质,1997,16(3):197～201.
[32]黄跃年,张月平.趋势面分析在新安矿煤厚分析中的应用,煤,1995,4(1):44～46.
[33]邵震杰,任文忠等.煤田地质学.北京:煤炭工业出版社.1993.3
[34]Mao Bai and D. Elsworth.Some aspects of mining under aquifers in China.Mining Science and Technology, Volume, Issue, January 1990, 10 (1):81~91.
[35]叶贵钧等.陕北榆神府矿区煤炭资源开发主要水工环问题及防治对策.工程地质学报.2000,8(4):446～455
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