基于竞争战略的企业价值评估方法研究
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摘要
在现代企业经营管理中,企业价值正逐步成为衡量企业经营绩效的最重要标准。企业价值评估不再仅仅是企业并购的需要,同时也逐渐成为企业财务管理的一项经常性工作。
     企业价值是企业在未来若干年里通过经营活动所能创造的现金流量的折现值。根据这个定义,财务人员建立了一些财务估价模型对企业价值进行评估,但这些基于财务方法的估价模型并未深入研究决定企业未来现金流量的内在要素,在模型中,只是运用“专家预测法”或“趋势分析法”等简单方法对现金流量进行预测。企业价值评估具有战略性、前瞻性和不确定性的特点,因此要准确的预测企业的价值,应该考虑企业所处的战略环境和企业内部的战略要素。
     论文首先论述了企业价值的含义和属性,对企业价值评估的特点和步骤进行整体的介绍,分析了企业价值评估在现代企业管理中的意义。在文章的第二部分,论文分析了社会现行采用的四个价值评估方法:账面调整法,相关估价法,现金流量折现法和期权估价法,分别指出了这些评估方法的特点、评估步骤和存在的问题。在文章的第三部分,论文重点阐述了决定企业价值的战略要素,以可量化和与企业价值直接相关这两大原则,将这些战略要素分为企业外部要素和内部要素两个部分,分别分析这些战略要素对企业价值带来的影响。最后,论文确立了企业价值评估的函数关系式,分别论述了确定企业价值中现金流量、企业资金成本和未来经营持续期的具体方法,进而对企业价值作出较为准确的预测,并基于以上对各个战略要素的分析构建了企业价值评估框架。
In the management of modern companies, corporation value is becoming the most important criterion of evaluating the companies' performance. The appraisal of corporation value is needed for the companies' acquisitions, and at the same time, it is becoming a day-to-day job of companies' financial management.
    Corporation value is the present value of cash flow which company will create in the future. Base on this description, some financial experts have built a few of models to appraise the corporation value. But these models didn't analyze the initial factors of corporation value, and only used " expert judgment method" or "trend analysis method" to forecast the prospective cash flow. The appraisal of corporation value has its special features: strategic, prospective and uncertain. Therefore, in order to obtain more accurate corporation value, the strategic factors inside and outside company should be considered.
    At the first chapter, the thesis explains the meaning and the features of corporation value. Then it analyzes the main four models of appraising the corporation value generally adopted nowadays, and points out the advantage and shortcoming of each model. At the third chapter, the thesis expounds a few of important strategic elements and discusses what influence these strategic elements make on the corporation value. At last, the thesis builds a function of appraising the corporation value and establishes a theoretical fame on the appraisal of the corporation value.
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