08奥运后江西竞技跆拳道发展战略研究
摘要
当吴静钰获得2008北京奥运会中国队唯一的一枚跆拳道金牌,体育系统相关人士大多在忙于庆功之际,冷静地面对江西省跆拳道竞技实力的现实状况,筹划江西竞技跆拳道的未来发展战略。这是江西省竞技跆拳道未来发展必须认真探讨的重要课题。通过对我省体育界的相关专家和人士的访谈,笔者发现,目前为止,江西省在这个问题还是一片空白,本文试图用发展战略学的理论与科学发展观作指导,在全面了解江西省竞技跆拳道发展现状的基础上,通过查找相关文献资料、问卷调查、专家访谈、实地调查、全面系统地对08奥运结束后江西省竞技跆拳道的发展战略进行谋划。为省体育局在教练员、运动员、裁判员、运动队伍建设、竞赛体制、激励机制等方面的管理和决策提供一些理论的参考。
通过调查得出江西省竞技跆拳道存在的问题主要有:教练员的理论水平不高,需要通过学习、培训来丰富自己的业务理论知识。大多数的教练员运动训练实践经验偏少,制约着他们训练水平的提高。执教的实际工作经验少,经验不丰富。并且自身科研水平较低,没有突出成果,这与竞技跆拳道训练所要求的训练为主、科研为辅的关键就有比较大的差距,这样会直接影响运动员水平的提高。通过对教练员的指导思想与教练方式进行调查表明独裁教练所占的比例高达62.5%,不利于运动员成长。在管理和使用教练以及教练员的权限上还存在不合理的因素。运动员生源不理想,经费渠道来源过于单一,大部分靠国家拨款。运动员文化课学习普遍偏差,能力发展不协调;优秀运动员退役后出路二次就业难;一方面是跟运动员的学习态度有一定的关系,而更重要的原因是在训练的过程中,忽视了运动员的文化教育,即文化教育和运动训练相结合的体制不健全。训练系统中体育信息网络建设也不完善,尚不能跟上整个跆拳道项目发展的步伐;业余体校训练缺乏系统性;运动队直接交流较少。
Wu jingYu won only one gold medal in taekwondo in Olympic games in 2008, while persons related to sports were busy celebrating the victory. Yet how to analyze the real situation of taekwondo in Jiangxi province, and plan the future strategy of development is an important issue we must take into consideration in the future.
I knew that no one had studied about that issue systematically, after having paid visits to some experts and surfing the internet. So, we aim to make the strategy of taekwondo in Jiangxi province in post-Olympic era.
The guideline of it is scientific development view and theory of development strategy, on the basis of fully analysis of development realities in Jiangxi province, through questionnaire, surveys, searching materials, interviews, inquiry and logically analysis.
My research may give help to Jiangxi sports authority in education of coaches, athletes, referees, as well as management and decision-making of sports teams, system of games, incentive system.
Several questions of taekwondo through surveys are as following:
1.Few coaches got high-level diploma, they badly need to receive further education to fulfill knowledge system through various ways of studying.
2.More than 50 percent of coaches’lack of practical experiences in training, this made them lose the opportunity of improving training level.
3.These coaches, who took charge in training, were lack of theory and practice. They seldom published paper of research in sports field comparably
4.Theirs scientific and researching abilities is somewhat low. This situation does not meet the requirements of taekwondo theory’s needs.
5.Those shortcomings will have influence upon improving the training level.
6.The guidance and ways of training indicated that, arbitrary coaches did harm to athletes’development, whose ratio was over 62.5 percent.
7.There were disadvantage in management of coaches, employment of coaches and limits of coach authority.
8.The resources of athletes were not pleasant. At the same time, the capital’s channel was so narrow that most of financial support was government’s fund.
9.School education of athletes was scaring in common, lack of coordination ability. Some excellent athletes found it difficult to find a job after retirement, partly because of athletes’attitudes towards education, while one more important reason was that we neglected school education when training. School education and sports training could not combine together completely.
10.The establishment of information net in sports training system need to be improved in future so as to keep pace with the development of taekwondo all over the world.
Training and education in some amateur sports school lack of plans systematically. Sports teams scarcely communicate skills with others.
通过调查得出江西省竞技跆拳道存在的问题主要有:教练员的理论水平不高,需要通过学习、培训来丰富自己的业务理论知识。大多数的教练员运动训练实践经验偏少,制约着他们训练水平的提高。执教的实际工作经验少,经验不丰富。并且自身科研水平较低,没有突出成果,这与竞技跆拳道训练所要求的训练为主、科研为辅的关键就有比较大的差距,这样会直接影响运动员水平的提高。通过对教练员的指导思想与教练方式进行调查表明独裁教练所占的比例高达62.5%,不利于运动员成长。在管理和使用教练以及教练员的权限上还存在不合理的因素。运动员生源不理想,经费渠道来源过于单一,大部分靠国家拨款。运动员文化课学习普遍偏差,能力发展不协调;优秀运动员退役后出路二次就业难;一方面是跟运动员的学习态度有一定的关系,而更重要的原因是在训练的过程中,忽视了运动员的文化教育,即文化教育和运动训练相结合的体制不健全。训练系统中体育信息网络建设也不完善,尚不能跟上整个跆拳道项目发展的步伐;业余体校训练缺乏系统性;运动队直接交流较少。
Wu jingYu won only one gold medal in taekwondo in Olympic games in 2008, while persons related to sports were busy celebrating the victory. Yet how to analyze the real situation of taekwondo in Jiangxi province, and plan the future strategy of development is an important issue we must take into consideration in the future.
I knew that no one had studied about that issue systematically, after having paid visits to some experts and surfing the internet. So, we aim to make the strategy of taekwondo in Jiangxi province in post-Olympic era.
The guideline of it is scientific development view and theory of development strategy, on the basis of fully analysis of development realities in Jiangxi province, through questionnaire, surveys, searching materials, interviews, inquiry and logically analysis.
My research may give help to Jiangxi sports authority in education of coaches, athletes, referees, as well as management and decision-making of sports teams, system of games, incentive system.
Several questions of taekwondo through surveys are as following:
1.Few coaches got high-level diploma, they badly need to receive further education to fulfill knowledge system through various ways of studying.
2.More than 50 percent of coaches’lack of practical experiences in training, this made them lose the opportunity of improving training level.
3.These coaches, who took charge in training, were lack of theory and practice. They seldom published paper of research in sports field comparably
4.Theirs scientific and researching abilities is somewhat low. This situation does not meet the requirements of taekwondo theory’s needs.
5.Those shortcomings will have influence upon improving the training level.
6.The guidance and ways of training indicated that, arbitrary coaches did harm to athletes’development, whose ratio was over 62.5 percent.
7.There were disadvantage in management of coaches, employment of coaches and limits of coach authority.
8.The resources of athletes were not pleasant. At the same time, the capital’s channel was so narrow that most of financial support was government’s fund.
9.School education of athletes was scaring in common, lack of coordination ability. Some excellent athletes found it difficult to find a job after retirement, partly because of athletes’attitudes towards education, while one more important reason was that we neglected school education when training. School education and sports training could not combine together completely.
10.The establishment of information net in sports training system need to be improved in future so as to keep pace with the development of taekwondo all over the world.
Training and education in some amateur sports school lack of plans systematically. Sports teams scarcely communicate skills with others.
引文
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[2]申存生.我国竞技跆拳道发展现状及对策研究[J].搏击.武术科学,2008,6.
[3]黄海滨.中国竞技跆拳道运动发展与分析[J].广州体育学院学报,2004,4.
[4]孙茂君,刘卫军.我国跆拳道运动发展现状与对策分析[J].首都体育学院学报,2005,1.
[5]江西省体育局.江西体育年鉴[M].江西省体育局,2004,2.
[6]原遵辉,苏旭东.江西省竞技跆拳道的现状与发展对策[J].江西体育科技,2007,2.
[7]朱佩兰.教练员训练指南[M].北京:人民出版社,2002.
[8]国家体育运动委员会编.中国体育年鉴[M].1994,P577.
[9]周西宽,吴亚初等.教练员学[M].成都:四川教育出版社,1993.
[10]中国体育科学学会.香港体育学院编.体育科学词典洲[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[11]刘献武主编.运动选材学[M].人民体育出版社,1991,5.
[12]刘晶.运动员级选材研究[J].北京体育大学学报,1998,21.
[13]学校体育大辞典编委会编.学校体育大辞典[M].武汉:武汉工业大学出版社,1994,12.
[14]过家兴等.运动训练学[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,1986,9.
[15]李京文等.2l世纪的中国经济发展战略[M].北京:中国城市出版社,2002.
[16]刘新梅,赵西萍.项目人力资源与沟通管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996.
[17]成思危,赵曙明.人力资源管理研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001.
[18]龚循谦.中国跆拳道运动员选材指标体系的初步研究[D].江西范大学,2006.
[19]辛静,梁建平.我国跆拳道运动发展现状及对策分析[J].搏击.武术科学,2007,8.
[20]陈立新.我国跆拳道运动的现状及发展对策[J].体育科学研究,2000,4.
[21]杨亮.广东省跆拳道运动的现状与发展对策[J].军事体育进修学院学报,2007,7.
[22]陈强,杨礼坚.广西跆拳道运动现状及发展对策研究[J].玉林师范学院学报,2004,3.
[23]谢玉辉.四川省跆拳道队竞赛现状及发展对策研究[D].四川大学,2007.
[24]高明.山西省跆拳道运动现状调查与发展对策研究[D].山西大学,2007.
[25]刘莉新.新疆跆拳道运动现状及发展对策研究[D].新疆师范大学,2006.
[26]李宁.江苏省跆拳道队在“十运会”上夺金面临的问题及对策[D].南京师范大学,2004.
[27]刘少辉.陕西跆拳道运动现状及发展对策研究[J].中国西部科技,2007,1.
[28]胡均生.体育概念的探讨[J].体育科学,1983,1.
[29]曹湘君等.体育概论[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,1995,30.
[30]颜天民.竞技体育的意义[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2003,10.
[31]李艳翎.社会转型期中国竞技体育运行研究[D].北京体育大学博士研究生学位论文,2001,5.
[32]肖林鹏.中国竞技体育资源调控与可持续性发展[D].北京体育大学博士研究生学位论文,2003,5.
[33]韩丹.对我国“体育产业”与“产业化”10年的反思和评价[J].体育与科学,2003,1.
[34]趙烜民.竞技体育社会评价理论研究初探[D].北京体育大学硕士研究生学位论文.
[35]江西省体育局.江西体育年鉴[M].江西省体育局,2005,3.
[36]江西省体育局.江西体育年鉴[M].江西省体育局,2006,4.
[37]江西省体育局.江西体育年鉴[M].江西省体育局,2007,5.
[38]高志红.河北省竞技跆拳道的发展现状与对策研究[J].河北体育学院学报,2005,3.
[39]李天植.吉林省跆拳道运动现状及发展对策研究[J].吉林体育学院学报,2004,4.
[40]Alison MK,Sarah J.Kirtley sJ ect.The mid-point of passive hip rotation range is an indicator of hip rotation in gait in cerebral palsy[J].Gait and Posture,2003,17.
[41]Delp SL,Hess WE,David S ect.Variation of rotation moment arms with hip flexion [J].Journal of Biomechanics,1999,32.
[42]Almquist PO.Evaluation of an external device measuring knee joint rotation[J].Journal of Research,2002,20.
[43]龚循磊,王广宇.江西省跆拳道队初建及现状[J].景德镇高专学报,2002,6.
[44]姜洪.中国的现代化改革与发展战略[M].中国经济出版社,1986.
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