主动毫米波导引头地面雷达站检测识别技术
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摘要
采用主被动复合体制的中远程反辐射导弹,相对仅有被动导引头的反辐射导弹可极大提高其抗目标雷达关机能力和目标选择能力,是反辐射导弹的发展方向之一。主动雷达导引头对地面雷达站的检测和识别技术是提高导弹作战效能的关键技术。
本文首先简要介绍了主动反辐射导引头地面雷达站检测与识别技术的研究现状,总结了其中的关键技术,阐述了论文的研究背景和主要工作。然后从目标电磁散射特性、目标检测和目标识别三个方面,较为系统地研究了雷达天线电磁散射特性建模、强地杂波背景下地面雷达站目标检测和雷达天线的多特征融合目标识别技术。
针对检测与识别的需要,从天线的电磁散射机理出发,研究了旋转拋物面反射天线和隙缝阵列天线RCS的分析方法,考察了隙缝阵列天线RCS随平板尺寸、隙缝数目和入射波频段的变化规律,并对地面雷达站天线的识别特征进行了分析。
针对空地制导雷达对地面目标检测的技术难点,研究了采用多普勒波束锐化(DBS)技术提高雷达的方位向分辨能力,通过细化分辨单元提高信杂比,从而提高导引头在强地杂波背景下目标检测能力的方法。分析了空地制导雷达的地面杂波特性,给出了最小可检测信号雷达散射截面与雷达纵向和横向分辨力的定量关系;介绍了多普勒波束锐化技术的基本原理,重点研究了DBS扫描成像的关键技术;提出了通过对目标区域进行连续扫描成像,利用多子图(序列图像)估计目标的RCS序列,进而用于识别的思想。
基于对雷达天线识别特征的分析和对目标RCS序列的估计结果,研究了主动雷达导引头地面雷达站的目标识别技术。给出了地面雷达站目标识别的总体框架,构造了相控阵雷达天线的四类特征,提出了相应的识别算法;依据各特征的优缺点,提出了多特征融合识别算法;同时,对识别结果的实时更新及最可靠识别目标的选择等问题进行了讨论。
针对非扫描主动雷达导引头,研究了基于一维距离像的地面雷达站天线目标的高分辨检测技术。对相控阵雷达天线的高分辨散射特性进行了分析,提取了平板和隙缝的等效散射中心,给出了其能量分布;介绍了调频步进雷达高分辨成像的基本原理,并将其用于天线目标的成像;基于天线的距离像,研究了天线目标的单周期径向积累检测算法和多周期积累检测算法,推导了最佳检测器结构,并对其检测性能进行了分析。
本文对主动毫米波反辐射导引头地面雷达站的检测与识别技术作了一定程度的探索性研究,为采用多模复合制导体制的新型反辐射导弹武器的研制和部分装备的改造提供了技术支撑。
The new anti-radiation missile using active-passive multi-mode compound guidance technology can greatly raise its ability to resist the powerful jamming such as shutting down of the objective radar and to select the right target, compared with the missile that only has the passive seeker. It's the critical technology to raise the operation efficacy of the missile that detection and recognition to the ground-based radar station using an active radar seeker.
First of all, the technology of detection and recognition to the guiding radar of air defense missile weapon system (ADMWS) using an active radar seeker is reviewed, and the key techniques as well as the major work are also specified. Then the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of radar antenna, the algorithm for detecting radar antenna in strong ground clutter background and the target recognition technology are comparatively systematically studied from the three aspects of the target specific property, detection and recognition.
In accordance with the demands for detection and recognition, the analysis methods of revolving paraboloid reflector antenna and planar slotted array antenna are stressly studied based on the theory of the antennal electromagnetic scattering mechanism. Then the influence on the antennal RCS of factors such as the antennal size, frequency and quantity of slots etc are detailedly discussed, and the recognition characteristics of the ground-based radar station are also analyzed.
In accordance with the difficulty in detecting ground targets in strong ground clutter background, Doppler Beam Sharpening (DBS) technology is adopted to raise the resolving ability of the radar seeker, and by way of subdividing the resolving cell to raise SCR, in order to raise the detection performance of seeker. Firstly, the ground clutter property of air-to-ground radar is analyzed, and then the basic theory of DBS imaging is introduced. The critical technology of DBS imaging under scanning mode is stressly studied, and put forward the way of carrying on the sequential scanning imaging to the target sector, using serial imagines to estimate targets' RCS in order to recognition.
Based on the extracted features of the radar antenna and estimation results of RCS, the target identification technology of active radar target seeker is studied. The frame of recognition algorithms for ground-based radar station is given out, and four kinds of characteristics of phased-array radar antenna are constituted. Finally the recognition algorithms as well as the fusion technique for target recognition are put forward.
The final part deals with the detection technology of ground-based radar station based on one dimension high resolution range profile (HRRP). The analysis has been done to the high resolution scattering property of the phased-array radar antenna, and the equivalent scattering centers of flat board and slotted array are extracted. Then the paper presents the math model of echo signal from an extended target for a Stepped Chirp Radar, and introduces the principle of synthesizing a HRRP of an extended target by phase coherent integration, and uses this technology in the image of antenna objective. Based on the HRRP of antenna, the adaptive single-scan radial integrated (ASSRI) and continuous sweep periods radial integrated (CSPRI) detection algorithms are studied. The optimum detector is derived, and the performance of the detector is analyzed.
In this dissertation, we conduct an explorative research on the technology of detection and recognition to the ground-based radar station using an active radar seeker, and it will provide technology supports for the development to the new generation of anti-radiation missile and the reconstruction of some existing weapons.
本文首先简要介绍了主动反辐射导引头地面雷达站检测与识别技术的研究现状,总结了其中的关键技术,阐述了论文的研究背景和主要工作。然后从目标电磁散射特性、目标检测和目标识别三个方面,较为系统地研究了雷达天线电磁散射特性建模、强地杂波背景下地面雷达站目标检测和雷达天线的多特征融合目标识别技术。
针对检测与识别的需要,从天线的电磁散射机理出发,研究了旋转拋物面反射天线和隙缝阵列天线RCS的分析方法,考察了隙缝阵列天线RCS随平板尺寸、隙缝数目和入射波频段的变化规律,并对地面雷达站天线的识别特征进行了分析。
针对空地制导雷达对地面目标检测的技术难点,研究了采用多普勒波束锐化(DBS)技术提高雷达的方位向分辨能力,通过细化分辨单元提高信杂比,从而提高导引头在强地杂波背景下目标检测能力的方法。分析了空地制导雷达的地面杂波特性,给出了最小可检测信号雷达散射截面与雷达纵向和横向分辨力的定量关系;介绍了多普勒波束锐化技术的基本原理,重点研究了DBS扫描成像的关键技术;提出了通过对目标区域进行连续扫描成像,利用多子图(序列图像)估计目标的RCS序列,进而用于识别的思想。
基于对雷达天线识别特征的分析和对目标RCS序列的估计结果,研究了主动雷达导引头地面雷达站的目标识别技术。给出了地面雷达站目标识别的总体框架,构造了相控阵雷达天线的四类特征,提出了相应的识别算法;依据各特征的优缺点,提出了多特征融合识别算法;同时,对识别结果的实时更新及最可靠识别目标的选择等问题进行了讨论。
针对非扫描主动雷达导引头,研究了基于一维距离像的地面雷达站天线目标的高分辨检测技术。对相控阵雷达天线的高分辨散射特性进行了分析,提取了平板和隙缝的等效散射中心,给出了其能量分布;介绍了调频步进雷达高分辨成像的基本原理,并将其用于天线目标的成像;基于天线的距离像,研究了天线目标的单周期径向积累检测算法和多周期积累检测算法,推导了最佳检测器结构,并对其检测性能进行了分析。
本文对主动毫米波反辐射导引头地面雷达站的检测与识别技术作了一定程度的探索性研究,为采用多模复合制导体制的新型反辐射导弹武器的研制和部分装备的改造提供了技术支撑。
The new anti-radiation missile using active-passive multi-mode compound guidance technology can greatly raise its ability to resist the powerful jamming such as shutting down of the objective radar and to select the right target, compared with the missile that only has the passive seeker. It's the critical technology to raise the operation efficacy of the missile that detection and recognition to the ground-based radar station using an active radar seeker.
First of all, the technology of detection and recognition to the guiding radar of air defense missile weapon system (ADMWS) using an active radar seeker is reviewed, and the key techniques as well as the major work are also specified. Then the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of radar antenna, the algorithm for detecting radar antenna in strong ground clutter background and the target recognition technology are comparatively systematically studied from the three aspects of the target specific property, detection and recognition.
In accordance with the demands for detection and recognition, the analysis methods of revolving paraboloid reflector antenna and planar slotted array antenna are stressly studied based on the theory of the antennal electromagnetic scattering mechanism. Then the influence on the antennal RCS of factors such as the antennal size, frequency and quantity of slots etc are detailedly discussed, and the recognition characteristics of the ground-based radar station are also analyzed.
In accordance with the difficulty in detecting ground targets in strong ground clutter background, Doppler Beam Sharpening (DBS) technology is adopted to raise the resolving ability of the radar seeker, and by way of subdividing the resolving cell to raise SCR, in order to raise the detection performance of seeker. Firstly, the ground clutter property of air-to-ground radar is analyzed, and then the basic theory of DBS imaging is introduced. The critical technology of DBS imaging under scanning mode is stressly studied, and put forward the way of carrying on the sequential scanning imaging to the target sector, using serial imagines to estimate targets' RCS in order to recognition.
Based on the extracted features of the radar antenna and estimation results of RCS, the target identification technology of active radar target seeker is studied. The frame of recognition algorithms for ground-based radar station is given out, and four kinds of characteristics of phased-array radar antenna are constituted. Finally the recognition algorithms as well as the fusion technique for target recognition are put forward.
The final part deals with the detection technology of ground-based radar station based on one dimension high resolution range profile (HRRP). The analysis has been done to the high resolution scattering property of the phased-array radar antenna, and the equivalent scattering centers of flat board and slotted array are extracted. Then the paper presents the math model of echo signal from an extended target for a Stepped Chirp Radar, and introduces the principle of synthesizing a HRRP of an extended target by phase coherent integration, and uses this technology in the image of antenna objective. Based on the HRRP of antenna, the adaptive single-scan radial integrated (ASSRI) and continuous sweep periods radial integrated (CSPRI) detection algorithms are studied. The optimum detector is derived, and the performance of the detector is analyzed.
In this dissertation, we conduct an explorative research on the technology of detection and recognition to the ground-based radar station using an active radar seeker, and it will provide technology supports for the development to the new generation of anti-radiation missile and the reconstruction of some existing weapons.
引文
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[2]孙飞宇,雷达杀手--AGM-88“哈姆”反辐射导弹,兵器大观,2007(1):75-82
[3]侯印明,综合电子战--现代战争的杀手锏,北京:国防工业出版社,2000
[4]黄槐,制导雷达技术,北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[5]阮颖铮,雷达截面与隐身技术,北京:国防工业出版社,1998
[6]张民,吴振森,郭立新,印国泰,波导缝隙阵天线的电磁散射特性分析与校验,电子学报,2002,30(3):413-415
[7]曹庆,高火涛,杨子杰,高频地波雷达天线阵雷达散射截面的预估,武汉大学学报,2005,5 1(3):379-383
[8]刘英,龚书喜,傅德民,天线散射理论研究,电子学报,2005,23(9):1611-1613
[9]李龙,张玉,李建瀛,梁昌洪,大型波导纵缝阵列天线的分析与设计,微波学报,2002,18(1):11-14
[10]于伟华,孙厚军,徐晓文,强地杂波下静止/慢速目标检测技术研究,测控技术,2005,35(7):29-32
[11]王德纯,频率步进雷达及其在小目标检测中的应用,现代雷达,2006,28(2):1-4
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