跨国软件外包企业的软件项目管理研究
|
摘要
软件外包在全球都是一个热门话题,中国软件业更是把软件外包看作中国软件发展的重点。中国软件外包服务在国际市场上的知名度也越来越高,一方面国外公司出于规避风险及降低成本的考虑开始把越来越多的软件项目外包给中国公司,另一方面国内软件外包服务商通过合作、收购、设立分支机构等方式进入国际市场。为了提高承包方的软件项目管理水平,国内软件外包企业积极的向国外同行学习,能力成熟度整合模型和项目管理知识体系就受到了国内软件外包企业空前的重视。
本文从国内的跨国软件外包企业软件项目管理中存在的问题入手,包括沟通不顺畅、跨国团队建设比较困难、文化差异明显等,针对这些问题从项目管理模式和项目管理过程两个方面对问题进行分析,并结合企业实际情况提出相应领域的解决办法。
本文首先对国内外的软件项目管理研究情况进行阐述。然后,对现在的软件外包项目管理方式进行分析,找出其中存在的问题,主要包括项目管理模式和项目管理过程两个方面的问题。对于项目管理中存在的问题,综合能力成熟度整合模式和项目管理的知识体系进行分析,在软件过程管理、团队沟通管理、项目范围管理和人力资源管理等领域找出有效的解决方案。最后,通过对问题的详细分析,结合国内的跨国企业软件项目开发的实际情况,提出比较有效的解决办法,并且在实际外包软件项目中应用和验证该解决方案。
Software outsourcing is a global focus, and it is a main development area for the Chinese software industry. Software outsourcing service of China is becoming famous in the world. On one hand, the companies of other countries are transferring more and more projects into China to avoid risks and reduce cost. On the other hand, the software service suppliers of China are coming into the international market through cooperation, buy and founding office in other countries. The software outsourcing companies of China carefully study from the foreign software outsourcing companies to improve the capability of software project management as contractors. So software outsourcing corporations of China very pay attention to the Capability Maturity Model Integration and Project Management Body of Knowledge.
The research begins from the problems of software project management in software outsourcing multinational corporations of China. The problems include: communication, difficulty of multinational team building, difference of culture etc. These problems are analyzed on project management model and process. The relative solution is concluded in the real company environment.
In first part, the research of project management in the world is described. Then, I analyze the approach of project management and describe the problems of project management model and process. Use the capability maturity model and project management body of knowledge to analyze the exist problems. Find a solution in software process area, communication management area, scope management area and human resource management area. Finally, provide a valid solution through the foregoing analysis in the software project environment of software outsourcing multinational corporations of China and validate the solution in a software outsourcing project.
本文从国内的跨国软件外包企业软件项目管理中存在的问题入手,包括沟通不顺畅、跨国团队建设比较困难、文化差异明显等,针对这些问题从项目管理模式和项目管理过程两个方面对问题进行分析,并结合企业实际情况提出相应领域的解决办法。
本文首先对国内外的软件项目管理研究情况进行阐述。然后,对现在的软件外包项目管理方式进行分析,找出其中存在的问题,主要包括项目管理模式和项目管理过程两个方面的问题。对于项目管理中存在的问题,综合能力成熟度整合模式和项目管理的知识体系进行分析,在软件过程管理、团队沟通管理、项目范围管理和人力资源管理等领域找出有效的解决方案。最后,通过对问题的详细分析,结合国内的跨国企业软件项目开发的实际情况,提出比较有效的解决办法,并且在实际外包软件项目中应用和验证该解决方案。
Software outsourcing is a global focus, and it is a main development area for the Chinese software industry. Software outsourcing service of China is becoming famous in the world. On one hand, the companies of other countries are transferring more and more projects into China to avoid risks and reduce cost. On the other hand, the software service suppliers of China are coming into the international market through cooperation, buy and founding office in other countries. The software outsourcing companies of China carefully study from the foreign software outsourcing companies to improve the capability of software project management as contractors. So software outsourcing corporations of China very pay attention to the Capability Maturity Model Integration and Project Management Body of Knowledge.
The research begins from the problems of software project management in software outsourcing multinational corporations of China. The problems include: communication, difficulty of multinational team building, difference of culture etc. These problems are analyzed on project management model and process. The relative solution is concluded in the real company environment.
In first part, the research of project management in the world is described. Then, I analyze the approach of project management and describe the problems of project management model and process. Use the capability maturity model and project management body of knowledge to analyze the exist problems. Find a solution in software process area, communication management area, scope management area and human resource management area. Finally, provide a valid solution through the foregoing analysis in the software project environment of software outsourcing multinational corporations of China and validate the solution in a software outsourcing project.
引文
[1]蒋晖,王青.支持外包的软件协同工作模型.计算机工程与设计, 2003, 24: 1-4
[2]安宏飞. H公司对日外包软件项目管理研究.大连理工大学图书馆, 2007
[3]秦燕,张国梁,汪克夷.从软件外包看中国软件企业的发展与创新.科学学与科学技术管理, 2006, 27: 126-131
[4]王霞.软件外包项目管理的CMM实践.福建电脑, 2004, 4: 25-26
[5]赛迪顾问股份有限公司. 2005-2006年中国软件外包服务市场研究年度报告.赛迪顾问股份有限公司, 2006
[6]王振宇.我国软件产业认证的现状与分析.计算机教育, 2005(3): 65-68.
[7]牟明.郭强.张军才.基于CMM L2的外包项目管理研究.航空计算技术, 2005, 03: 82-85
[8]王梅源,鲁耀斌.软件外包项目全过程管理分析.商场现代化, 2006, 1: 79-80
[9] CMU/SEI. SCAMPISM v1. 1 Class A Appraisal Results. CMU/SEI, 2005
[10] Daniel Minoli. Analyzing Outsourcing: Reengineering Information and Communication Systems. McGraw. McGraw-Hill, 1995
[11]刘贺文,蒋秋华,朱韦桥等.项目管理理念在小型软件开发团队中的应用.铁路计算机应用, 2007, 16: 41-44
[12] Frederick P. Brooks Jr. The Mythical Man-Month. Addison Wesley Longman Inc, 1995
[13] Philip Lew.外包项目管理的成功要素.项目管理技术, 2006, 9: 69-70
[14]滕朋.软件外包:印度的?中国的?.电子商务, 2002, 3: 39-42
[15] Tom Demanrco. The deadline. 2. Dorset House Publishing Company, 1999
[16] Tom Demanrco. Peopleware. Dorset House Publishing Company, 1997
[17]常苹.有关IT服务外包项目的几点思路.项目管理技术, 2004, 10: 49-51
[18]彭新敏,郑海平.我国软件外包业务的市场分析.管理现代化, 2003, 6: 37-40
[19] Fill Abbott JJ. Software Process Improvement in a Small Commercial SoftwareCompany. CA, 1997
[20] Leon dc Loof. Information Systems Outsourcing Decision Making: A managerial Approach. Idea Group Publishing, 1997
[21]应晶,吴明晖.基于敏捷的软件过程进化.浙江大学图书馆, 2006
[22] CIG Software Engineering Process Group. Software Subcontract Management Process. 2. Pearson, 1997
[23] Kathy Schwalbe. Information Technology Project Management.机械工业出版社, 2003
[24]杨宏伟.浅谈软件外包项目管理.现代管理科学, 2007, 6: 90-91
[25]朱韦华.软件过程管理在外包项目中的实施.同济大学图书馆, 2006
[26]张旭.对日软件外包中的一种软件工程过程局部模型.信息技术与标准化, 2005, 5: 46-49
[27] James Rumbaugh. UML参考手册. 2.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005
[28] Roger S. Pressman. Software engineering: A Practitioner’s approach. 6. McGraw-Hill , 2004
[29] Robert C. Martin.敏捷软件开发:原则、模式与实践,邓辉译.清华大学出版社, 2003
[30]段柯.外包项目管理必修课.软件世界, 2006, 23: 60-61
[31]彭纪生,赵步同.论知识管理与自组织理论.系统辩证学学报, 2005, 13: 37-39
[32]美国项目管理协会.项目管理知识体系指南. (第3版)卢有杰,王雨译.电子工业出版社, 2005
[33] Pankaj Jalote. CMM in Practice Process for Executing Software Projects at Infosys. Addison Wesley Longman Inc, l999
[34]王仲涛,严俊,赵耀.对软件项目管理的初步探讨.航海工程, 2001, S2: 16-20
[35]丁伟,周兵,厉励. CMM在软件外包项目开发中的应用研究.微计算机信息, 2006, 12: 257-259
[36] Dnneis R. Goldenson, Dinae L. Gibson, Demonstrating the Impact and Benefits of CMMI: An Update and Preliminary results. CMU/SEI, 2003, 9
[37]胥静.出口软件开发项目管理技术研究及应用.华东师范大学图书馆, 2006
[38]刘亚峰.软件项目管理的认识问题研究.甘肃科技, 2003, 6: 23-37
[39]王玉荣.流程管理.北京:机械工业出版社, 2002
[40] Watt5. HumPhrey. Managing the Software Process. Addison Wesley, 1989
[41] Robert L. Glass. Software Runaways: Lessons learned from Massive Software Project Failures. Pretice Hall PTR, 1998
[42]周慧.论软件项目管理.现代电子技术, 2003, 26: 1-3
[43] Diane L. Gibson R. Dennis R. Goldenson, Keith Kost. Performance Results of CMMI-Based Process Improvement. Pearson, 2006
[44]任杰.外包型软件企业中项目管理体系的研究.武汉大学, 2004
[45]杨一平.软件能力成熟度模型方法及其应用.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2001
[46] CMU/SEI. Capability Maturity Model for Software. 1. Software Engineering Institute, 1993
[2]安宏飞. H公司对日外包软件项目管理研究.大连理工大学图书馆, 2007
[3]秦燕,张国梁,汪克夷.从软件外包看中国软件企业的发展与创新.科学学与科学技术管理, 2006, 27: 126-131
[4]王霞.软件外包项目管理的CMM实践.福建电脑, 2004, 4: 25-26
[5]赛迪顾问股份有限公司. 2005-2006年中国软件外包服务市场研究年度报告.赛迪顾问股份有限公司, 2006
[6]王振宇.我国软件产业认证的现状与分析.计算机教育, 2005(3): 65-68.
[7]牟明.郭强.张军才.基于CMM L2的外包项目管理研究.航空计算技术, 2005, 03: 82-85
[8]王梅源,鲁耀斌.软件外包项目全过程管理分析.商场现代化, 2006, 1: 79-80
[9] CMU/SEI. SCAMPISM v1. 1 Class A Appraisal Results. CMU/SEI, 2005
[10] Daniel Minoli. Analyzing Outsourcing: Reengineering Information and Communication Systems. McGraw. McGraw-Hill, 1995
[11]刘贺文,蒋秋华,朱韦桥等.项目管理理念在小型软件开发团队中的应用.铁路计算机应用, 2007, 16: 41-44
[12] Frederick P. Brooks Jr. The Mythical Man-Month. Addison Wesley Longman Inc, 1995
[13] Philip Lew.外包项目管理的成功要素.项目管理技术, 2006, 9: 69-70
[14]滕朋.软件外包:印度的?中国的?.电子商务, 2002, 3: 39-42
[15] Tom Demanrco. The deadline. 2. Dorset House Publishing Company, 1999
[16] Tom Demanrco. Peopleware. Dorset House Publishing Company, 1997
[17]常苹.有关IT服务外包项目的几点思路.项目管理技术, 2004, 10: 49-51
[18]彭新敏,郑海平.我国软件外包业务的市场分析.管理现代化, 2003, 6: 37-40
[19] Fill Abbott JJ. Software Process Improvement in a Small Commercial SoftwareCompany. CA, 1997
[20] Leon dc Loof. Information Systems Outsourcing Decision Making: A managerial Approach. Idea Group Publishing, 1997
[21]应晶,吴明晖.基于敏捷的软件过程进化.浙江大学图书馆, 2006
[22] CIG Software Engineering Process Group. Software Subcontract Management Process. 2. Pearson, 1997
[23] Kathy Schwalbe. Information Technology Project Management.机械工业出版社, 2003
[24]杨宏伟.浅谈软件外包项目管理.现代管理科学, 2007, 6: 90-91
[25]朱韦华.软件过程管理在外包项目中的实施.同济大学图书馆, 2006
[26]张旭.对日软件外包中的一种软件工程过程局部模型.信息技术与标准化, 2005, 5: 46-49
[27] James Rumbaugh. UML参考手册. 2.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005
[28] Roger S. Pressman. Software engineering: A Practitioner’s approach. 6. McGraw-Hill , 2004
[29] Robert C. Martin.敏捷软件开发:原则、模式与实践,邓辉译.清华大学出版社, 2003
[30]段柯.外包项目管理必修课.软件世界, 2006, 23: 60-61
[31]彭纪生,赵步同.论知识管理与自组织理论.系统辩证学学报, 2005, 13: 37-39
[32]美国项目管理协会.项目管理知识体系指南. (第3版)卢有杰,王雨译.电子工业出版社, 2005
[33] Pankaj Jalote. CMM in Practice Process for Executing Software Projects at Infosys. Addison Wesley Longman Inc, l999
[34]王仲涛,严俊,赵耀.对软件项目管理的初步探讨.航海工程, 2001, S2: 16-20
[35]丁伟,周兵,厉励. CMM在软件外包项目开发中的应用研究.微计算机信息, 2006, 12: 257-259
[36] Dnneis R. Goldenson, Dinae L. Gibson, Demonstrating the Impact and Benefits of CMMI: An Update and Preliminary results. CMU/SEI, 2003, 9
[37]胥静.出口软件开发项目管理技术研究及应用.华东师范大学图书馆, 2006
[38]刘亚峰.软件项目管理的认识问题研究.甘肃科技, 2003, 6: 23-37
[39]王玉荣.流程管理.北京:机械工业出版社, 2002
[40] Watt5. HumPhrey. Managing the Software Process. Addison Wesley, 1989
[41] Robert L. Glass. Software Runaways: Lessons learned from Massive Software Project Failures. Pretice Hall PTR, 1998
[42]周慧.论软件项目管理.现代电子技术, 2003, 26: 1-3
[43] Diane L. Gibson R. Dennis R. Goldenson, Keith Kost. Performance Results of CMMI-Based Process Improvement. Pearson, 2006
[44]任杰.外包型软件企业中项目管理体系的研究.武汉大学, 2004
[45]杨一平.软件能力成熟度模型方法及其应用.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2001
[46] CMU/SEI. Capability Maturity Model for Software. 1. Software Engineering Institute, 1993