全集成连续时间滤波器的设计
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摘要
连续时间滤波器在各种通信和信号处理领域中有着广泛的应用，而全集成连
续时间滤波器可以使整个系统更加稳定和可靠地工作。本论文对连续时间滤波器
的设计进行了系统的研究，给出了三种全集成滤波器的设计方法。
首先，对于低频应用，可以使用 R-MOSFET-C 滤波器。它是由运算放大器构
成的，但是其结构类似于有源 RC 滤波器。这些滤波器用标准的 CMOS 工艺实现，
利用工作在线性区的 MOS 管来替代无源电阻。通过调节 MOS 管的栅极电压可以
调节其等效的有源电阻，从而可以连续地调节滤波器的截止频率。文中提出了
R-MOSFET-C 滤波器的一种设计方案，并给出了设计实例，该设计的仿真结果表
明了它具有和有源 RC 滤波器相同的特性。
其次，对于应用频率较高的滤波器，介绍了新型元件运算跨导放大器 OTA，
给出了它的模型以及应用原理，文中提出了一种 OTA 电路的设计，给出了电路参
数，并且在此基础上，介绍了如何将无源 RLC 梯形滤波器转换成有源 OTA-C 滤波
器。在给出的设计例子中，采用实际的 OTA，且对该实际的 OTA 的跨导进行了测
试，最后的仿真结果表明，所设计的 OTA-C 滤波器满足设计要求，而且通过改变
偏置电流可以使滤波器的截止频率连续地变化。
最后，对滤波器的调谐问题进行了研究。通过对多环反馈结构的详细讨论，
介绍了 IFLF OTA-C 滤波器。由于元件值的不精确，需要对设计的滤波器进行调谐。
调谐的方法可以分为两大类，一是直接调谐，二是间接调谐。本文给出了基于峰
值调谐的设计方法，并且设计了一个五阶的 IFLF OTA-C 滤波器。最后的仿真结果
表明 IFLF OTA-C 滤波器满足设计要求。
Continuous-time filters are wilderly used in telecommuniation and signal
processing systems. The system can be made to work more stable and reliable by using
fully-integrated continuous-time filters. This dissertation is concerned with the design of
fully integrated continuous-time filters. Three design methods are given.
Firstly, in the lower frequency application, R-MOSFET-C filter is used. They are
easy to implemente with operational amplifier blocks while maintaining close
architectural similarities to an active RC filter. These R-MOSFET-C filters,
implemented in a standard CMOS process, utilize the linearized model behavior of an
MOS transistor operating in the triode region instead of a passive resistor. Through
tuning the grid-voltage of MOS transistor, we can tune the equivalent resistance,
accordingly tuning the cut-off frequency of the filter. A R-MOSFET-C filter design
method is proposed and an example is presented in the dissertation. Simulation result
confirms its performance similar to that of active RC filter.
Secondly, for the high frequency application, a late-model device of operational
transconductance amplifier is introduced. The design strategy of OTA is proposed and
the OTA parameters are given. Based on this design, the procedure of how to convert a
passive RLC filter to active OTA-C filter is described. In the presented example, the
designed OTA is used and the OTA’s transconductance is tested. Simulation result
shows that the OTA-C filter has same performance with RLC ladder filter. The cut-off
frequency of the filter is tuned by tuning its bias current.
Finally, the tuning of the filter is studied and the multiple loop feedback topology
is discussed in detail. After the introduction of IFLF OTA-C filter, a fifth-order IFLF
OTA-C filter is designed. Because of the imprecise of components, these filters need to
be tuned. There are two kinds of tuning method, dirtect tuning and indirtect tuning. In
this thesis, the peak detection tuning is studied. The Simulation result shows that IFLF
OTA-C filter meets the requirements of the design.
续时间滤波器可以使整个系统更加稳定和可靠地工作。本论文对连续时间滤波器
的设计进行了系统的研究，给出了三种全集成滤波器的设计方法。
首先，对于低频应用，可以使用 R-MOSFET-C 滤波器。它是由运算放大器构
成的，但是其结构类似于有源 RC 滤波器。这些滤波器用标准的 CMOS 工艺实现，
利用工作在线性区的 MOS 管来替代无源电阻。通过调节 MOS 管的栅极电压可以
调节其等效的有源电阻，从而可以连续地调节滤波器的截止频率。文中提出了
R-MOSFET-C 滤波器的一种设计方案，并给出了设计实例，该设计的仿真结果表
明了它具有和有源 RC 滤波器相同的特性。
其次，对于应用频率较高的滤波器，介绍了新型元件运算跨导放大器 OTA，
给出了它的模型以及应用原理，文中提出了一种 OTA 电路的设计，给出了电路参
数，并且在此基础上，介绍了如何将无源 RLC 梯形滤波器转换成有源 OTA-C 滤波
器。在给出的设计例子中，采用实际的 OTA，且对该实际的 OTA 的跨导进行了测
试，最后的仿真结果表明，所设计的 OTA-C 滤波器满足设计要求，而且通过改变
偏置电流可以使滤波器的截止频率连续地变化。
最后，对滤波器的调谐问题进行了研究。通过对多环反馈结构的详细讨论，
介绍了 IFLF OTA-C 滤波器。由于元件值的不精确，需要对设计的滤波器进行调谐。
调谐的方法可以分为两大类，一是直接调谐，二是间接调谐。本文给出了基于峰
值调谐的设计方法，并且设计了一个五阶的 IFLF OTA-C 滤波器。最后的仿真结果
表明 IFLF OTA-C 滤波器满足设计要求。
Continuous-time filters are wilderly used in telecommuniation and signal
processing systems. The system can be made to work more stable and reliable by using
fully-integrated continuous-time filters. This dissertation is concerned with the design of
fully integrated continuous-time filters. Three design methods are given.
Firstly, in the lower frequency application, R-MOSFET-C filter is used. They are
easy to implemente with operational amplifier blocks while maintaining close
architectural similarities to an active RC filter. These R-MOSFET-C filters,
implemented in a standard CMOS process, utilize the linearized model behavior of an
MOS transistor operating in the triode region instead of a passive resistor. Through
tuning the grid-voltage of MOS transistor, we can tune the equivalent resistance,
accordingly tuning the cut-off frequency of the filter. A R-MOSFET-C filter design
method is proposed and an example is presented in the dissertation. Simulation result
confirms its performance similar to that of active RC filter.
Secondly, for the high frequency application, a late-model device of operational
transconductance amplifier is introduced. The design strategy of OTA is proposed and
the OTA parameters are given. Based on this design, the procedure of how to convert a
passive RLC filter to active OTA-C filter is described. In the presented example, the
designed OTA is used and the OTA’s transconductance is tested. Simulation result
shows that the OTA-C filter has same performance with RLC ladder filter. The cut-off
frequency of the filter is tuned by tuning its bias current.
Finally, the tuning of the filter is studied and the multiple loop feedback topology
is discussed in detail. After the introduction of IFLF OTA-C filter, a fifth-order IFLF
OTA-C filter is designed. Because of the imprecise of components, these filters need to
be tuned. There are two kinds of tuning method, dirtect tuning and indirtect tuning. In
this thesis, the peak detection tuning is studied. The Simulation result shows that IFLF
OTA-C filter meets the requirements of the design.
引文
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Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol.67, February, 1979, 147-158
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Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings, 1983, 117-124
[3] R. T. Baird, T. S. Fiez and D. J. Allstot, Speed and Accuracy Considerations in
Switched-Current Circuits, Proceedings of the IEEE, ISCAS-91, Singapore,
June, 1979, 1809-1812
[4] 朱达斌,开关电流椭圆低通滤波器的设计，电路与系统学报,Vol.4，No.2，1999，64-69
[5] Yoshizawa, H. and Temes, G.C., High-linearity switched-capacitor circuits in
digital CMOS technology, Circuits and Systems, ISCAS'95, 1995 IEEE
International Symposium on, Vol.2, April 28-May 3, 1995, 1029-1032
[6] Ping, L., Taylor, R.C.J. and Henderson, R.K. et al, Design of a
switched-capacitor filter for voice band signals, Circuits and Systems, IEEE
International Sympoisum on, Vol.3, June 11-14, 1991, 1573-1576
[7] Un-Ku Moon, CMOS high-frequency switched-capacitor filters for
telecommunication applications, Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of, Vol.35,
Issue 2, Feb, 2000, 212-220
[8] Berg, S.K., Hurst, P.J.and Lewis, S.H. et al, A switched-capacitor filter in 2 μm
CMOS using parallelism to sample at 80 MHz, Solid-State Circuits Conference,
Digest of Technical Papers, 41st ISSCC, 1994 IEEE International, Feb 16-18,
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