突破性创新动因与组织模式研究
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摘要
突破性创新是导致产品性能主要指标发生巨大跃迁,或者对市场规则、竞争态势、产业版图具有重大影响,甚至可能导致产业重新洗牌的一类创新。理论研究与历史实践都证明,突破性创新是企业国际竞争的利器,突破性创新往往形成产业核心技术甚至技术标准,对追赶学习企业构成巨大的技术壁垒。随着技术复杂性的提高和创新周期的缩短,后发优势逐渐向先发优势转变,突破性创新意义凸现。从技术经济发展史来看,正是突破性创新及其发生的链式反应所形成的新兴技术产业群集,使世界科技经济中心在意大利、英国、德国美国等国家之间转移。改革开放后我国经济快速增长,但在瑞士洛桑年鉴中,中国科技竞争力长期处于世界中游水平。中国国家技术发明奖一等奖自创立以来连续6年空缺,突破性创新匮乏。因此如何有效组织突破性创新项目促进突破性创新的大量涌现对我国科技竞争力的提高具有战略性的理论意义和现实意义,本研究正是围绕这一核心问题展开的。
突破性创新显著异于一般创新。有效管理突破性创新项目的前提是正确把握突破性创新的特点。本文首先在综述国内外突破性创新研究已有成果和一般性创新动因的基础上,对突破性技术创新项目的潜在影响因素做探索性的全面理论假设,提出了突破性技术创新动因的考察框架,以便为识别突破性创新与渐进性创新的不同关键因素界定范围和提出目标。
其次,本文通过随机抽样的方法进行企业问卷调查,对取得的样本数据进行因子分析将因素分类,采用曲线拟合初步考察单因子作用下各因子对企业突破性创新活动和渐进性创新活动的影响。研究结果显示,同一因子对突破性创新与渐进性创新作用存在显著不同:部分因子对突破性创新有明显强于渐进性创新的促进作用,部分因子抑制突破性创新却有利于渐进性创新。随后,研究采用多元线性回归分析方法,考察多因子共同作用下各因子对企业突破性创新活动和渐进性创新活动的影响。多元线性回归分析结果显示,具有回归显著性的渐进性创新的关键动因集与突破性创新的关键动因集存在极大的差异。曲线拟合和多元线性回归的统计分析验证了有关动因的理论假设,充分反映了渐进性创新和突破性创新对不同组织条件的需要,为下一步提出“泛二元性组织”奠定了基础。
第三,本文以识别的突破性创新和渐进性创新的关键动因集为基础,回顾了技术创新管理和相应技术创新组织模式的演变已有研究成果,对突破性技术创新的传统一元性组织模式、新兴二元性组织模式进行评述,分析了其各自的优点和局限性;特别是在企业调查问卷对突破性和渐进性技术创新的动因比较分析结果的基础上,提出了“泛二元性组织”模式,并从组织结构、组织文化、资源获取、能力获得、激励机制、评价标准六个维度界定了突破性技术创新的“泛二元性组织”的概念,并在内涵分析和比较三种组织模式优势劣势之后提出研究假设;统
Radical innovation is a kind of innovation which would lead to the fact the major indicator of the properties of product jumps to move enormously, or have great influence on market rule, competition situation, and industry's domain, and may even cause that the industry shuffle again. Both theoretical research and history practice prove that, radical innovation is the edge toll of enterprise's international competition, radical innovation often forms industry's key technology even technical standard, form the enormous technological barrier for following enterprises to catch up with and study. With technological complexity improving and innovation cycle shortening, late starter's advantage transform gradually to first starter's advantage, the meaning of radical innovation is shown especially. According to development history of technology and economy, it is exactly the radical innovation and the emerging technical industry cluster resulted from radical innovation's chain reaction, make the scientific、 technological and economic center of the world shift among such countries as Italy , Britain, German U.S.A. ,etc. The economy of our country increases fast after the reform and open, but in the Lausanne Yearbook of Switzerland, China's scientific and technological competitiveness is in the world middle level for a long time. China's national technological invention award first prize have been vacancy for 6 years in succession since it is created, radical innovation is deficient. So how to organize the radical innovative project to promote radical innovation emerging in a large amount, that have strategic theory meaning and reality to the improvement of the scientific and technological competitiveness of our country, this research was just launched around this key problem.Radical innovation is remarkable different from general innovation. The prerequisite of managing the radical innovative project effectively is to hold the characteristic of radical innovation rightly. On the foundation of summarizing the domestic and international results on radical innovation studies and general innovation infulunce factors analysis, this paper do the exploratory overall theory hypothesis to the potential determinants factor of the radical innovation project at first, propose the investigation frame of radical innovation's determinants factor, in order to define the range and put forward the goal for discerning different key factor between radical innovation and incremental innovation.Secondly, this text carries on enterprise's questionnaire investigation through the random sampling method, carry on the factor analysis to the sample data in order to classify the factor, adopt the curve estimation to investigate the influence of every
factor on enterprise's radical innovation and incremental innovation under single factor function tentatively. The result of study show that, the same factor have different effect on radical innovation and incremental innovation: some factors obviously promote radical innovation more greatly than incremental innovation, and some factors suppress radical innovation but help advancing incremental innovation. Afterwards, this research adopts multi linear regression analysis method; investigate the influence of every factor on enterprise radical innovation and incremental innovation under many factor act on together. The result of multivariate linear regression analysis shows that, the key determinants factors cluster of radical innovation, which is regression significantly, is different greatly from those of incremental innovation. The curve estimation and multivariate linear regression analysis validate the theory hypothesis about determinants factors, fully reflect incremental innovation and radical innovation requirements for different organization's conditions, thus established the foundation for proposing " Pan-Ambidextrous Organization".Third, based on the key determinants factors cluster of radical innovation and incremental innovation, this paper review the evolution history in technological innovation
突破性创新显著异于一般创新。有效管理突破性创新项目的前提是正确把握突破性创新的特点。本文首先在综述国内外突破性创新研究已有成果和一般性创新动因的基础上,对突破性技术创新项目的潜在影响因素做探索性的全面理论假设,提出了突破性技术创新动因的考察框架,以便为识别突破性创新与渐进性创新的不同关键因素界定范围和提出目标。
其次,本文通过随机抽样的方法进行企业问卷调查,对取得的样本数据进行因子分析将因素分类,采用曲线拟合初步考察单因子作用下各因子对企业突破性创新活动和渐进性创新活动的影响。研究结果显示,同一因子对突破性创新与渐进性创新作用存在显著不同:部分因子对突破性创新有明显强于渐进性创新的促进作用,部分因子抑制突破性创新却有利于渐进性创新。随后,研究采用多元线性回归分析方法,考察多因子共同作用下各因子对企业突破性创新活动和渐进性创新活动的影响。多元线性回归分析结果显示,具有回归显著性的渐进性创新的关键动因集与突破性创新的关键动因集存在极大的差异。曲线拟合和多元线性回归的统计分析验证了有关动因的理论假设,充分反映了渐进性创新和突破性创新对不同组织条件的需要,为下一步提出“泛二元性组织”奠定了基础。
第三,本文以识别的突破性创新和渐进性创新的关键动因集为基础,回顾了技术创新管理和相应技术创新组织模式的演变已有研究成果,对突破性技术创新的传统一元性组织模式、新兴二元性组织模式进行评述,分析了其各自的优点和局限性;特别是在企业调查问卷对突破性和渐进性技术创新的动因比较分析结果的基础上,提出了“泛二元性组织”模式,并从组织结构、组织文化、资源获取、能力获得、激励机制、评价标准六个维度界定了突破性技术创新的“泛二元性组织”的概念,并在内涵分析和比较三种组织模式优势劣势之后提出研究假设;统
Radical innovation is a kind of innovation which would lead to the fact the major indicator of the properties of product jumps to move enormously, or have great influence on market rule, competition situation, and industry's domain, and may even cause that the industry shuffle again. Both theoretical research and history practice prove that, radical innovation is the edge toll of enterprise's international competition, radical innovation often forms industry's key technology even technical standard, form the enormous technological barrier for following enterprises to catch up with and study. With technological complexity improving and innovation cycle shortening, late starter's advantage transform gradually to first starter's advantage, the meaning of radical innovation is shown especially. According to development history of technology and economy, it is exactly the radical innovation and the emerging technical industry cluster resulted from radical innovation's chain reaction, make the scientific、 technological and economic center of the world shift among such countries as Italy , Britain, German U.S.A. ,etc. The economy of our country increases fast after the reform and open, but in the Lausanne Yearbook of Switzerland, China's scientific and technological competitiveness is in the world middle level for a long time. China's national technological invention award first prize have been vacancy for 6 years in succession since it is created, radical innovation is deficient. So how to organize the radical innovative project to promote radical innovation emerging in a large amount, that have strategic theory meaning and reality to the improvement of the scientific and technological competitiveness of our country, this research was just launched around this key problem.Radical innovation is remarkable different from general innovation. The prerequisite of managing the radical innovative project effectively is to hold the characteristic of radical innovation rightly. On the foundation of summarizing the domestic and international results on radical innovation studies and general innovation infulunce factors analysis, this paper do the exploratory overall theory hypothesis to the potential determinants factor of the radical innovation project at first, propose the investigation frame of radical innovation's determinants factor, in order to define the range and put forward the goal for discerning different key factor between radical innovation and incremental innovation.Secondly, this text carries on enterprise's questionnaire investigation through the random sampling method, carry on the factor analysis to the sample data in order to classify the factor, adopt the curve estimation to investigate the influence of every
factor on enterprise's radical innovation and incremental innovation under single factor function tentatively. The result of study show that, the same factor have different effect on radical innovation and incremental innovation: some factors obviously promote radical innovation more greatly than incremental innovation, and some factors suppress radical innovation but help advancing incremental innovation. Afterwards, this research adopts multi linear regression analysis method; investigate the influence of every factor on enterprise radical innovation and incremental innovation under many factor act on together. The result of multivariate linear regression analysis shows that, the key determinants factors cluster of radical innovation, which is regression significantly, is different greatly from those of incremental innovation. The curve estimation and multivariate linear regression analysis validate the theory hypothesis about determinants factors, fully reflect incremental innovation and radical innovation requirements for different organization's conditions, thus established the foundation for proposing " Pan-Ambidextrous Organization".Third, based on the key determinants factors cluster of radical innovation and incremental innovation, this paper review the evolution history in technological innovation
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