高速公路养护管理市场化的研究
摘要
随着我国高速公路建设事业的飞速发展，“人、财、物高度集中，建、
管、养独家操作”的养护管理模式已越来越不适应当今社会发展形势的需要。
湖北省98年在“省高等级公路养护体制改革方案”中提出“养、管分离”的
高速公路养护管理模式，现在许多省市高等级公路管理中都在尝试和探索。它
的原理是将高速公路的养护管理职能与养护操作按市场化原则加以分离，并建
立联系。本文就是在该模式基础上进一步升华，提出了当前形势下养护管理市
场化的高速公路管理配置、各部门职责及其上下级关系的新思路。高速公路管
理处不设置养护工区，不留养护人员，不配置任何养护设备。通过引进竞争机
制，把养护工作的压力和风险推向市场，既提高了养护专业化水平，降低了养
护成本，大片区养护机械集中管理，统一调配极大程度的减少了养护机械重置
浪费，也给有机械设备又有施工管理经验的队伍提供了就业机会，还更有利于
提高养护质量和管理积极性。
本文以华北片区京石、石太、京津塘等高速公路经营管理情况为基础，参
照国内外多条高速公路养护管理模式，总结出一个当今社会形势下我国高速公
路养护管理新模型，创立有关高速公路评价模型系统，并采用定量的方法应用
GM（1，1）模型及模糊数学理论建立高速公路收费收益预测模型，对今后高速
公路养护经费进行预测。
With the rapid development of expressway construction in our country , the primitive management model as ?the highly concentration of people, wealth and material, and constructing, managing and maintaining individually?has became more and more unsuitable to the need of today抯 social development. In 1998, the new concept of highway managing system as 搕he departure of maintenance and management?was developed by HuBei province, in the reformatory project of provincial highway management. Now the system has been used and developed in many provinces. The principle of the system is to separate the function of expressway management and maintenance with the cost management of maintenance through market theory. The article is the further development, from the basis of the model and bring forward the configure of expressway management and new thought of harmonizing the connection of different departments. The expressway department no longer set up the work area, hire maintenance workers and buy maintenance equip
ment. The pressure and risk of maintenance are putted forward to the market by introducing the competing system. As not only improve the level of specialized maintenance, but also decrease the cost of maintenance. The central management of maintenance equipment in large areas has greatly decreased the waste of the equipment and offer the employment to the company with adequate equipment and experience, which is also propitious to the quality and enthusiasm of maintenance.
The article is based on the management condition of Jing梥hi, Shi梩ai and Jing梛in--tang expressway and consult with the models of many domestic and overseas expressway maintenance management to sum
2
up a new management mode1 which is suitab1e to maintenance of
Chinese expressway. It also create the eva1uating mode1 of
expressway and use the method of quantity by GM(1, 1)mode1 and Gray
mathematics theory to create highway forecast model which can
contribute to the forecast of maintenance cost.
管、养独家操作”的养护管理模式已越来越不适应当今社会发展形势的需要。
湖北省98年在“省高等级公路养护体制改革方案”中提出“养、管分离”的
高速公路养护管理模式，现在许多省市高等级公路管理中都在尝试和探索。它
的原理是将高速公路的养护管理职能与养护操作按市场化原则加以分离，并建
立联系。本文就是在该模式基础上进一步升华，提出了当前形势下养护管理市
场化的高速公路管理配置、各部门职责及其上下级关系的新思路。高速公路管
理处不设置养护工区，不留养护人员，不配置任何养护设备。通过引进竞争机
制，把养护工作的压力和风险推向市场，既提高了养护专业化水平，降低了养
护成本，大片区养护机械集中管理，统一调配极大程度的减少了养护机械重置
浪费，也给有机械设备又有施工管理经验的队伍提供了就业机会，还更有利于
提高养护质量和管理积极性。
本文以华北片区京石、石太、京津塘等高速公路经营管理情况为基础，参
照国内外多条高速公路养护管理模式，总结出一个当今社会形势下我国高速公
路养护管理新模型，创立有关高速公路评价模型系统，并采用定量的方法应用
GM（1，1）模型及模糊数学理论建立高速公路收费收益预测模型，对今后高速
公路养护经费进行预测。
With the rapid development of expressway construction in our country , the primitive management model as ?the highly concentration of people, wealth and material, and constructing, managing and maintaining individually?has became more and more unsuitable to the need of today抯 social development. In 1998, the new concept of highway managing system as 搕he departure of maintenance and management?was developed by HuBei province, in the reformatory project of provincial highway management. Now the system has been used and developed in many provinces. The principle of the system is to separate the function of expressway management and maintenance with the cost management of maintenance through market theory. The article is the further development, from the basis of the model and bring forward the configure of expressway management and new thought of harmonizing the connection of different departments. The expressway department no longer set up the work area, hire maintenance workers and buy maintenance equip
ment. The pressure and risk of maintenance are putted forward to the market by introducing the competing system. As not only improve the level of specialized maintenance, but also decrease the cost of maintenance. The central management of maintenance equipment in large areas has greatly decreased the waste of the equipment and offer the employment to the company with adequate equipment and experience, which is also propitious to the quality and enthusiasm of maintenance.
The article is based on the management condition of Jing梥hi, Shi梩ai and Jing梛in--tang expressway and consult with the models of many domestic and overseas expressway maintenance management to sum
2
up a new management mode1 which is suitab1e to maintenance of
Chinese expressway. It also create the eva1uating mode1 of
expressway and use the method of quantity by GM(1, 1)mode1 and Gray
mathematics theory to create highway forecast model which can
contribute to the forecast of maintenance cost.
引文
1．交通部，公路养护技术规范(JTJ073—96)．人民交通出版社．1996
2．交通部，公路沥青路面设计规范(JTJ041—97)．人民交通出版社．1996
3．日本水泥混凝土协会．AASHO道路实验．日本水泥混凝土协会．1966
4．饭岛尚等．MCI路面使用性能评价模型．日本东京．1981．
5．潘玉利．路面管理系统原理．人民交通出版社．1998
6．姚祖康，孙立军．沥青路面使用性能评价．国家重点攻关科技项目，1990
7．交通部公路科学研究所．公路路面国际平整度指数[IRI]标准研究报告
8．河北省交通厅课题组张全等．重载交通(宣大)高速公路运营管理系统．宣大高速公路建设管理处，西安公路交通大学1999．3
9．交通部公路管理司夏越超等，公路养护与管理手册．人民交通出版社．1993．4
10．邓碧凤，四川省沥青路面管理系统的研究与应用．全国道路工程青年学术交流会论文．1997．10
11．潘玉利，郑安福，鲍世恩．国际平整度指数标定报告．交通部公路科学研究所．1990
12．邓聚龙．灰色预测与决策．华中理工大学出版社．1986
13. Deng julong. Control Problems of Grey Systems. SYSTEMS CONTROL LETTERS 1982.3 Vol 1. No. 5 PP 285-294.
14. Deng julong. Control Problems of Unknown Systems. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CONTROL THEORY AND IT'S APPLICATION. 1981. PP156-171
15．曾沛霖等，路面性能自动化检测设备应用技术研究，“七五”国家重点科技攻关项目研究报告．交通部公路科学研究所．1990
16. Flanagan P.R. and Halbach D.S. Expert System as a Part of Pavement Management. Transportation Research Record 1123. TRB, National Academy of Science, Washington D.C., U.S.A.,1987
17. Tritt B. Road Geometry gate Acquisition System(RGDAS) user manual, Australian Road Research Board, 1990.
18. Haas. R. Hudson W.R. and Zaniewski J. Modern Pavement Management, Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, 1994.
19．(美)唐纳德G．纽南，工程经济分析，张德旺译．北京．水利电力出版社，1987
20．张树升，唐有君．道路工程经济与管理．北京．人民交通出版社．1991
21．杨盛福等．高速公路交通工程及沿线设施．人民交通出版社．1999．6
22．杨兆升，吉林工业大学．运输系统的规模与模型．人民交通出版社．1996
2．交通部，公路沥青路面设计规范(JTJ041—97)．人民交通出版社．1996
3．日本水泥混凝土协会．AASHO道路实验．日本水泥混凝土协会．1966
4．饭岛尚等．MCI路面使用性能评价模型．日本东京．1981．
5．潘玉利．路面管理系统原理．人民交通出版社．1998
6．姚祖康，孙立军．沥青路面使用性能评价．国家重点攻关科技项目，1990
7．交通部公路科学研究所．公路路面国际平整度指数[IRI]标准研究报告
8．河北省交通厅课题组张全等．重载交通(宣大)高速公路运营管理系统．宣大高速公路建设管理处，西安公路交通大学1999．3
9．交通部公路管理司夏越超等，公路养护与管理手册．人民交通出版社．1993．4
10．邓碧凤，四川省沥青路面管理系统的研究与应用．全国道路工程青年学术交流会论文．1997．10
11．潘玉利，郑安福，鲍世恩．国际平整度指数标定报告．交通部公路科学研究所．1990
12．邓聚龙．灰色预测与决策．华中理工大学出版社．1986
13. Deng julong. Control Problems of Grey Systems. SYSTEMS CONTROL LETTERS 1982.3 Vol 1. No. 5 PP 285-294.
14. Deng julong. Control Problems of Unknown Systems. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CONTROL THEORY AND IT'S APPLICATION. 1981. PP156-171
15．曾沛霖等，路面性能自动化检测设备应用技术研究，“七五”国家重点科技攻关项目研究报告．交通部公路科学研究所．1990
16. Flanagan P.R. and Halbach D.S. Expert System as a Part of Pavement Management. Transportation Research Record 1123. TRB, National Academy of Science, Washington D.C., U.S.A.,1987
17. Tritt B. Road Geometry gate Acquisition System(RGDAS) user manual, Australian Road Research Board, 1990.
18. Haas. R. Hudson W.R. and Zaniewski J. Modern Pavement Management, Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida, 1994.
19．(美)唐纳德G．纽南，工程经济分析，张德旺译．北京．水利电力出版社，1987
20．张树升，唐有君．道路工程经济与管理．北京．人民交通出版社．1991
21．杨盛福等．高速公路交通工程及沿线设施．人民交通出版社．1999．6
22．杨兆升，吉林工业大学．运输系统的规模与模型．人民交通出版社．1996