北京城镇透水性步道结构型式与相关性能研究
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摘要
随着经济的发展和城市建设步伐的加快，现代城市的地表逐渐被建筑物和不透水的道路所覆盖，形成生态学上的“人造沙漠”。在便捷的交通设施，平整的道路给人们带来极大方便的同时，不透水的路面也给城市的生态环境带来诸多负面影响。为减少不透水材料和道路对城市生态环境的不利影响，国内外开始关注透水道路的应用，透水环保型步道也正在逐渐成为研究的热点。
目前，国内透水性步道的研究正处于起步阶段，研究的重点主要侧重于面层材料，缺乏对透水步道结构体系及综合性能的研究。本研究生课题针对透水步道研究和应用现状，对其进行了较为系统的分析及研究，并进行了模型试验和试验段铺设。
本课题研究表明：①透水步道在环保方面有普通步道不可比拟的优势，可以补给地下水源，改善城市生态环境；②透水性步道要形成完整的技术体系；③透水步道基层材料可以有多种选择，关键在强度、稳定性和透水性；④路基选择要慎重，应该保证透水性和承载力的平衡；⑤透水步道设计和施工与普通步道不同，应用过程中应当特别注意。
作者还根据研究，提出了建议用于北京地区的透水步道的典型材料和结构。
通过对透水性步道材料和结构较系统的研究，作者希望能对透水性步道的设计、施工提出指导性意见，并为进一步的研究和应用奠定基础。
With the rapid development of the economy and the construction of our city, the earth's surface is covered with buildings and waterproof roads. This has formed the so-called "artificial desert". The bad effects create many environmental and social problems while people have convenient communications and flat roads. For the purpose of reducing the bad effects, the permeable roads are concerned and are becoming hot topic in the world.
Now, the researches about permeable road are just at the initial stage and are only focusing on the road surface and the materials. There are few researches into systems of the permeable road and their comprehensive functions. According to the model experiment and road test, the author makes a systematic study on the permeable roads.
The results show:①Permeable roads are better than conventional roads in aspects of groundwater supply and the improvement of our environment;②Permeable roads must be a system;③Many materials can be chosen as the sub-base of the permeable roads and the key is that of their strength, stability and permeability;④It is important to select the materials of the subgrade and to keep the balance of the permeability and the stability.⑤The design and construct methods of the permeable roads and conventional roads are different.
In addition, typical materials and structures of permeable roads that can be used in Beijing are brought forward in this paper.
According to the systematic study on the materials and structures of the permeable roads, the author hopes to make some suggestions on design and construct of the permeable roads and lay the foundations of future researches and applications.
目前，国内透水性步道的研究正处于起步阶段，研究的重点主要侧重于面层材料，缺乏对透水步道结构体系及综合性能的研究。本研究生课题针对透水步道研究和应用现状，对其进行了较为系统的分析及研究，并进行了模型试验和试验段铺设。
本课题研究表明：①透水步道在环保方面有普通步道不可比拟的优势，可以补给地下水源，改善城市生态环境；②透水性步道要形成完整的技术体系；③透水步道基层材料可以有多种选择，关键在强度、稳定性和透水性；④路基选择要慎重，应该保证透水性和承载力的平衡；⑤透水步道设计和施工与普通步道不同，应用过程中应当特别注意。
作者还根据研究，提出了建议用于北京地区的透水步道的典型材料和结构。
通过对透水性步道材料和结构较系统的研究，作者希望能对透水性步道的设计、施工提出指导性意见，并为进一步的研究和应用奠定基础。
With the rapid development of the economy and the construction of our city, the earth's surface is covered with buildings and waterproof roads. This has formed the so-called "artificial desert". The bad effects create many environmental and social problems while people have convenient communications and flat roads. For the purpose of reducing the bad effects, the permeable roads are concerned and are becoming hot topic in the world.
Now, the researches about permeable road are just at the initial stage and are only focusing on the road surface and the materials. There are few researches into systems of the permeable road and their comprehensive functions. According to the model experiment and road test, the author makes a systematic study on the permeable roads.
The results show:①Permeable roads are better than conventional roads in aspects of groundwater supply and the improvement of our environment;②Permeable roads must be a system;③Many materials can be chosen as the sub-base of the permeable roads and the key is that of their strength, stability and permeability;④It is important to select the materials of the subgrade and to keep the balance of the permeability and the stability.⑤The design and construct methods of the permeable roads and conventional roads are different.
In addition, typical materials and structures of permeable roads that can be used in Beijing are brought forward in this paper.
According to the systematic study on the materials and structures of the permeable roads, the author hopes to make some suggestions on design and construct of the permeable roads and lay the foundations of future researches and applications.
引文
[1] 透水路面有利生态 李诺
[2] DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID PERMEABLE CONCRETE PAVEMENT. CHINA-JAPAN WORKSHOP ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGIES NOVEMBER 10-13, 2001 SHANGHAI, CHINA
[3] Permeable Paver Research Summary February 2003
[4] NC State University Permeable Pavement Research: Water Quality, Water Quantity, and Clogging NC STATE UNIVERSITY November 2005
[5] Permeable Pavement Systems in Shoreland Areas, A Guidance to Local Governmental Units DNR Waters, St. Paul, Minnesota September 10, 2003
[6] Defining Porous Pavement EPA 1999
[7] 路面透水环保 大道冬暖夏凉-德国马路不积水 海外传真 2004
[8] Porous Pavement United States Environmental Protection Agency
[9] Green Roads: Research Into Permeable Pavers storm water February 2006
[10] advances in porous pavement storm water July 2006
[11] Application Description- Granular Base http://tfhrc.gov August 2006
[12] 透水砖铺装地面垫层结构对城市雨水入渗过程的影响 侯立柱等 中国农业大学学报2006．11(4)
[13] 混凝土透水砖透水持久性的研究 张文静 丁跃元 张书韩 砖瓦 7．2006
[14] permeable pavement use and research at Hannibal Parking lot in Kinston,NC NC STATE UNIVERSITY May 2001
[15] 城镇道路工程施工质量检验标准(DBJ01-11-2004)
[16] 路面设计原理与方法 邓学钧 黄晓明 编著 人民交通出版社
[17] 无粘结碎石材料级配研究 何兆益 黄卫 谈长庆 重庆交通学院学报 9／1996
[18] 级配碎石的级配选择 袁峻，邵敏华，黄晓明 公路 12／2005
[19] 用砂砾(卵) 石换填粘性土防治冻胀 陈肖柏等 中国科学院兰州冻土研究所
[20] 不同掺合料砂砾石的冻胀实验研究 彭万巍 中国科学兰州研究所
[21] 冻融试验研究 林世文 包俊超 兰荣旺 岩土工程技术No．32001
[22] 道路冻深计算方法的研究 邴文山 周军 王新发 哈尔滨建筑大学学报 No．2 1995
[23] 季节性冻土地区道路冻深的研究 朱春鹏 张喜发 张冬青 辛德刚 辽宁交通科技 No．4 2004
[24] 岩土工程技术 辽宁有色勘查研究院 2001．3
[25] Porous Pavement design and operational criteria august 1980
[26] Porous Pavement California Stormwater BMP Handbook 2003
[27] Standard for Pervious Paving Systems New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual Feb 2004
[28] Permeable Pavement Demonstration Project the Uniwersity of Washington
[29] 透水性路面手册 日本道路建设业协会
[30] 道路结构力学计算 郑传超 王秉纲 主编 人民交通出版社 2003
[31] 路面分析与设计 (美)黄仰贤 著 余定选 齐诚 译人民交通出版社 1994
[32] ANSYS土木工程应用实例 郝文化 主编 中国水利水电出版社 2005
[33] ANSYS有限元分析实用教程 李黎明 清华大学出版社 2005
[34] 水泥与水泥混凝上 申爱勤 主编 张登良 主审 人民交通出版社 2004
[35] 道路建筑材料 李立寒 张南鹭 编著 人民交通出版社 2004
[36] 公路工程试验手册 《公路工程试验手册》编委会编 人民交通出版社 2003
[37] 城市道路工程 李麟 编著 中国电力出版社 2004．09
[38] 公路压实与压实标准(第三版) 沙庆林 编著 人民交通出版社 2000．01
[39] 路基路面工程 邓学军 主编 张登良 主审 人民交通出版社 2004．02
[40] GRANULAR BASE http://tfhrc. gov/hnr20/recycle/waste/app3. htm 2006.08
[41] Permeable Pavement GREEN RESOURCE CENTER 2004.07
[42] Porous Pavement systems www.prestogeo.com
[43] An introduction to permeable pavement alternatives The University of Rhode Isla(?) 2005.11
[44] 无砂透水路面混凝土 许贤敏 曹德辰 福建建材 2003
[45] 水泥稳定碎石混合料配合比的优化 周卫峰 等 长安大学学报 2006．01
[46] Field Evaluation of Permeable Pavements for Srormwater Management EPA 2000.10
[2] DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID PERMEABLE CONCRETE PAVEMENT. CHINA-JAPAN WORKSHOP ON PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGIES NOVEMBER 10-13, 2001 SHANGHAI, CHINA
[3] Permeable Paver Research Summary February 2003
[4] NC State University Permeable Pavement Research: Water Quality, Water Quantity, and Clogging NC STATE UNIVERSITY November 2005
[5] Permeable Pavement Systems in Shoreland Areas, A Guidance to Local Governmental Units DNR Waters, St. Paul, Minnesota September 10, 2003
[6] Defining Porous Pavement EPA 1999
[7] 路面透水环保 大道冬暖夏凉-德国马路不积水 海外传真 2004
[8] Porous Pavement United States Environmental Protection Agency
[9] Green Roads: Research Into Permeable Pavers storm water February 2006
[10] advances in porous pavement storm water July 2006
[11] Application Description- Granular Base http://tfhrc.gov August 2006
[12] 透水砖铺装地面垫层结构对城市雨水入渗过程的影响 侯立柱等 中国农业大学学报2006．11(4)
[13] 混凝土透水砖透水持久性的研究 张文静 丁跃元 张书韩 砖瓦 7．2006
[14] permeable pavement use and research at Hannibal Parking lot in Kinston,NC NC STATE UNIVERSITY May 2001
[15] 城镇道路工程施工质量检验标准(DBJ01-11-2004)
[16] 路面设计原理与方法 邓学钧 黄晓明 编著 人民交通出版社
[17] 无粘结碎石材料级配研究 何兆益 黄卫 谈长庆 重庆交通学院学报 9／1996
[18] 级配碎石的级配选择 袁峻，邵敏华，黄晓明 公路 12／2005
[19] 用砂砾(卵) 石换填粘性土防治冻胀 陈肖柏等 中国科学院兰州冻土研究所
[20] 不同掺合料砂砾石的冻胀实验研究 彭万巍 中国科学兰州研究所
[21] 冻融试验研究 林世文 包俊超 兰荣旺 岩土工程技术No．32001
[22] 道路冻深计算方法的研究 邴文山 周军 王新发 哈尔滨建筑大学学报 No．2 1995
[23] 季节性冻土地区道路冻深的研究 朱春鹏 张喜发 张冬青 辛德刚 辽宁交通科技 No．4 2004
[24] 岩土工程技术 辽宁有色勘查研究院 2001．3
[25] Porous Pavement design and operational criteria august 1980
[26] Porous Pavement California Stormwater BMP Handbook 2003
[27] Standard for Pervious Paving Systems New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual Feb 2004
[28] Permeable Pavement Demonstration Project the Uniwersity of Washington
[29] 透水性路面手册 日本道路建设业协会
[30] 道路结构力学计算 郑传超 王秉纲 主编 人民交通出版社 2003
[31] 路面分析与设计 (美)黄仰贤 著 余定选 齐诚 译人民交通出版社 1994
[32] ANSYS土木工程应用实例 郝文化 主编 中国水利水电出版社 2005
[33] ANSYS有限元分析实用教程 李黎明 清华大学出版社 2005
[34] 水泥与水泥混凝上 申爱勤 主编 张登良 主审 人民交通出版社 2004
[35] 道路建筑材料 李立寒 张南鹭 编著 人民交通出版社 2004
[36] 公路工程试验手册 《公路工程试验手册》编委会编 人民交通出版社 2003
[37] 城市道路工程 李麟 编著 中国电力出版社 2004．09
[38] 公路压实与压实标准(第三版) 沙庆林 编著 人民交通出版社 2000．01
[39] 路基路面工程 邓学军 主编 张登良 主审 人民交通出版社 2004．02
[40] GRANULAR BASE http://tfhrc. gov/hnr20/recycle/waste/app3. htm 2006.08
[41] Permeable Pavement GREEN RESOURCE CENTER 2004.07
[42] Porous Pavement systems www.prestogeo.com
[43] An introduction to permeable pavement alternatives The University of Rhode Isla(?) 2005.11
[44] 无砂透水路面混凝土 许贤敏 曹德辰 福建建材 2003
[45] 水泥稳定碎石混合料配合比的优化 周卫峰 等 长安大学学报 2006．01
[46] Field Evaluation of Permeable Pavements for Srormwater Management EPA 2000.10